黄河内蒙古段上覆水、悬浮物和底泥重金属特征及生态风险研究

系统地采集黄河内蒙古段上覆水、悬浮物和底泥样品,分析其中重金属元素的含量。采用地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害系数法,研究了黄河干流内蒙古段的上覆水、悬浮物和底泥的重金属沿程分布特征、污染程度和生态风险。分析结果显示:除了As元素,悬浮物中重金属元素含量总体上高于底泥中的含量。地质累积指数法评价结果表明:悬浮物和底泥属于无污染—中度污染,悬浮物总体上比底泥污染严重;潜在生态危害系数法评价结果表明:底泥和悬浮物中重金属的生态危害总体上属轻微状态;因此,生态风险指数法和地质累积指数评价结果基本一致。     

高放废物处置库天然类比及其有关的地球化学问题

介绍了高放废物处置库天然类比研究的主要内容,重点阐述了类比研究中涉及的地球化学问题,包括核素溶解度和化学形态研究、核素迁移速率研究、核素迁移影响因素研究,并总结相关问题研究取得的成果和认识.     

Chronology and cooling history of the Tianmenshan pluton in South Jiangxi Province and their geological significance

Geochronological studies on the crust-derived Tianmenshan pluton were undertaken by SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating and Ar-Ar dating of biotite, muscovite and K-feldspar, giving a petrogenetic age of 167 Ma. Owing to the closure systems in different minerals, the cooling history of the pluton can be determined with an age-temperature diagram. The late hydrothermal event has been recognized, which is related probably with mineralization. In terms of the comparative geochronological and petrologic records, it is concluded that there are some constrains on tectonic evolution and that the formation of the Tianmenshan pluton proceeded in a transition period from Indosinian post-orogeny extension to strong compressive tectonics. And the timing of the hydrothermal event matches the compressive climax of the Yanshanian orogeny. The temporal gap between granite emplacement and wolframite mineralization could last 10-20 Ma owing to the low cooling rate of the pluton.     

Fractal-like adsorption kinetics of Pb^2＋ in rocks

The adsorption kinetics of Pb^2＋ in rocks has been studied using ion selective electrodes and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the adsorption process is a fractal-like reaction. The adsorption rate was relatively high before 30 minutes, and then dropped. The saturated adsorption capacity （a） of Pb^2＋ and kinetic parameters （b, a, D and k） increased with increasing initial concentrations of Pb^2＋. These parameters （except a） decreased while Na^＋ was present in the solution. Furthermore, the smaller the rocks were in grain size, the bigger these kinetic parameters would be, though the parameter a was almost constant.     

Formation Dynamics and Quantitative Prediction of Hydrocarbons of the Superpressure System in the Dongying Sag

Based on the theory of formation dynamics of oil/gas pools, the Dongying sag can be divided into three dynamic systems regarding the accumulation of oil and gas： the superpressure closed system, the semi-closed system and the normal pressure open system. Based on the analysis of genesis of superpressure in the superpressure closed system and the rule of hydrocarbon expulsion, it is found that hydrocarbon generation is related to superpressure, which is the main driving factor of hydrocarbon migration. Micro fractures formed by superpressure are the main channels for hydrocarbon migration. There are three dynamic patterns for hydrocarbon expulsion： free water drainage, hydrocarbon accumulation and drainage through micro fissures. In the superpressure closed system, the oil-driving-water process and oil/gas accumulation were completed in lithologic traps by way of such two dynamic patterns as episodic evolution of superpressure systems and episodic pressure release of faults. The oil-bearing capacity of lithologic traps is intimately related to reservoir-forming dynamic force. Quantitative evaluation of dynamic conditions for pool formation can effectively predict the oil-bearing capability of traps.     

Regional yield estimation for winter wheat with MODIS-NDVI data in Shandong, China

The significance of crop yield estimation is well known in agricultural management and policy development at regional and national levels. The primary objective of this study was to test the suitability of the method, depending on predicted crop production, to estimate crop yield with a MODIS-NDVI-based model on a regional scale. In this paper, MODIS-NDVI data, with a 250 m resolution, was used to estimate the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in one of the main winter-wheat-growing regions. Our study region is located in Jining, Shandong Province. In order to improve the quality of remote sensing data and the accuracy of yield prediction, especially to eliminate the cloud-contaminated data and abnormal data in the MODIS-NDVI series, the Savitzky–Golay filter was applied to smooth the 10-day NDVI data. The spatial accumulation of NDVI at the county level was used to test its relationship with winter wheat production in the study area. A linear regressive relationship between the spatial accumulation of NDVI and the production of winter wheat was established using a stepwise regression method. The average yield was derived from predicted production divided by the growing acreage of winter wheat on a county level. Finally, the results were validated by the ground survey data, and the errors were compared with the errors of agro-climate models. The results showed that the relative errors of the predicted yield using MODIS-NDVI are between −4.62% and 5.40% and that whole RMSE was 214.16 kg ha⁻¹ lower than the RMSE (233.35 kg ha⁻¹) of agro-climate models in this study region. A good predicted yield data of winter wheat could be got about 40 days ahead of harvest time, i.e. at the booting-heading stage of winter wheat. The method suggested in this paper was good for predicting regional winter wheat production and yield estimation.     

基于MODIS数据的雪面温度遥感反演(英文)

On the basis of simplification of the Planck function in a low temperature range, this paper revises the practical split-window algorithm and presents a method for retrieving snow surface temperature （Ts） based on MODIS data in the middle-latitude region. The application of this method in Qinghai Lake region reveals that it is feasible for the retrieval of Ts. Results of correlation analysis indicate that there was strong negative relationship between Ts and altitude. By analyzing three typical areas in which land cover was relatively homogenous, this paper discusses the relationship between Ts and normalized difference snow index （NDSI） and then presents a new concept named ＂NDSI-Ts space＂.     

安徽池州铜山铜矿深部找矿实践与启示

铜山铜矿资源储量日益枯竭。危机矿山接替资源勘查中,采用地质、物探综合手段圈定异常区,经深部钻探验证,取得突破。     

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段的左旋走滑挤压变形及其~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段,自西向东分别出露北北东向的韧性滑脱变形带、脆-韧性过渡带和脆性的前陆褶断带。韧性滑脱变形带内的张八岭群片岩,广泛发生了低绿片相背景下的糜棱岩化。其中呈现为平缓的糜棱面理和近南北向的矿物拉伸线理。显微构造及石英C轴组构分析显示,该韧性滑脱带一致为上盘向南的运动。该带以东依次变为上盘向南南东→南东的逆冲活动,总体上为左旋走滑挤压变形带。张八岭群所在的韧性变形带为深部陡立走滑构造与浅部脆性构造之间的滑脱变形带,其间的差异走滑变形,造成了该滑脱层在总体向北运动中出现上盘向南的剪切变形。对6处张八岭群片岩中15个不同粒级白云母的40Ar/39Ar定年指示,变形发生在(236.2±0.5)~(238.0±0.4)Ma的中三叠世晚期。这表明郯庐断裂带的左行平移发生在华北与华南板块碰撞的深俯冲阶段,起源于陆内转换断层。     

高温高压岩石流变仪的围压标定方法

高温高压岩石流变仪围压标定的主要方法为氯化盐类的部分熔融法和矿物相变法。利用氯化盐类进行压力标定时,不仅可以利用单一盐类,也可以使用多种盐类的混合物;常用的压力标定矿物相变及其适用温压范围如下:石英-柯石英,500~1200℃、2.5~3.2GPa;钠长石-硬玉+石英,600~1200℃、1.6~3.2GPa;铁橄榄石+石英-铁辉石,600~1200℃、1~1.7GPa;磷镁石-Mg3(PO4)2-Ⅱ,565~825℃、0.6~0.9GPa;方解石-文石,600~1200℃、0.5~2.5GPa。不同的标定方法具有不同的特征,文中将进行详细介绍。