ArcGIS三维分析技术在潜在滑坡体预测中的应用

以贵州省六盘水市水城县大河镇一个潜在滑坡体为例,利用遥感影像（RS）、地理信息系统（GIS）、遥感图像处理（ENVI）和三维分析（ArcGIS）等技术,完成了对该地质体的高分辨率遥感影像和DEM信息数据的生成处理。并采用ArcGIS三维分析方法技术,实现了对所预测的潜在滑坡体三维的立体可视化成图及其表面积、体积的概略计...     

应用KDD技术分析气象地质灾害与降水的关系

应用人工智能技术——数据库中知识发现(KDD)技术,分析研究发生在云南省境内造成重大损失的气象地质灾害的发生与当日及前期降水的关系。结果表明,绝大多数气象地质灾害都是由强降水诱发的,云南气象地质灾害与发生当日及前期降水的关系主要有3种类型,即暴雨诱发型、多日中大雨诱发型和连阴雨诱发型。所得到的云南气象地质灾害与当日及前期降水的定量关系,为云南地质灾害的气象监测、预报模式的建立提供了依据。     

天津电力人体舒适度预报模型

为做好天津电力气象服务工作,提供符合电力负荷预测需求的人体舒适度预报产品,本文根据国内外多种人体舒适度预报模型,利用2002—2005年夏季天津逐日电力负荷数据和气象数据,计算天津市逐日平均人体舒适度,详细分析各模型计算结果与平均气温和气象负荷的对应关系。结果发现,UTCI模型、吕伟林室外预报模型和李源模型计算的人体舒适度更符合天津市人体舒适度感觉,且与电力气象负荷的线性相关性较好。鉴于吕伟林模型在我国应用较广,本文采用最小二乘法对吕伟林室外预报模型进行拟合订正,建立出符合天津市电力气象服务需求的人体舒适度预报模型。     

苏鲁造山带深部构造的接收函数图象

宽频地震探测获得横切苏鲁造山带的滨州-日照剖面和蓬莱-青岛剖面的接收函数图象。在图中识别出一系列密度界面和断裂面。新Moho面深度35~41km,形态清晰连续完整,表明苏鲁造山带形成以来的壳幔相互作用已经相当彻底。苏鲁造山带和胶辽朝地块的岩石圈底面深度105km,靠近郯庐断裂逐渐抬升到90km。在苏鲁造山带内部识别出了造山过程中形成的构造界面。它们所勾画出的深部构造图案支持扬子板块拖带北中国板块边缘深俯冲剥蚀模型,并且指示苏鲁超高压变质带的北界位于莱西一线的胶莱盆地之下。     

Sorption of radioactive contaminants by sediment from the Kara Sea

The purpose of this study is to quantify some of the parameters needed to perform near-field modelling of sites in the Kara Sea that were impacted by the disposal of radioactive waste. The parameters of interest are: the distribution coefficients (Kd) for several important radionuclides, the mineralogy of the sediment, and the relationship of Kd to liquid-to-solid ratio. Sediment from the Kara Sea (location: 73 degrees 00'N, 58 degrees 00'E) was sampled from a depth of 287 m on August 23/24, 1992. Analysis of the material included mineralogy, grain size and total organic carbon (TOC). Uptake kinetics were determined for 85Sr, 137Cs, 241Am, 99Tc, 1251, 232U and 210Pb and distribution coefficients (Kd) were determined for these radionuclides using batch type experiments. Sorption isotherms, developed for 137Cs, 85Sr and 99Tc, were linear in each case. Increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio strongly increased uptake of 137Cs and moderately increased uptake of 99Tc. Analysis for anthropogenic radionuclides indicated the presence only of 239/240Pu in the sediment with the highest activity (at the top section of the core) being 0.420 Bq kg(-1). Other anthropogenic radionuclides were below detection limits.     

Analysis of the Trends of Thunderstorms in 1951–2007 in Jiangsu Province

Based on the 1951–2007 thunderstorms in Jiangsu, a study is conducted for their climate trends, periodicity, spatiotemporal patterns, and the distributions of the first and last days of the thunderstorms at different guarantee rates (GRs) using climate tendency rate, wavelet analysis, and GR for diagnosis. Results suggest that the inter-annual number of thunderstorm days (TSDs) exhibits a decreasing trend in this province. The trend is displayed mainly in the decreasing TSD number in summer and autumn except in spring, when the variation is not significant in the study period. In this province, the TSD number declines by ~2 days per 10 years. On an inter-annual basis, the pronounced positive departures of the number take place chiefly in the early 1960s, the late 1960s to the early-mid-1970s, the late 1980s, and the late 1990s compared with the negative anomalies dominant in the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, the mid-to-late-1990s, and the late 1990s to 2007. There are vast differences in the initial and ending days at diverse GRs in different areas of the province. At 50% GR, the earliest (last) days occur from mid-March to early April (early to late September) while at 80% GR, the initial (last) days are from late March to early May (early to late October). For the distribution of periods, the periods >8–10 years are relatively stable for the entire province. Based on 1951–2007 period analysis, the region north (south) of the Huaihe River experiences TSDs less (more) than normal days in recent years.     

PI算法用于川滇-安达曼-苏门答腊地区7.0级以上强震危险性预测的回溯性检验

作为一个中长期地震预测方法,基于复杂系统统计物理的图象信息学PI算法近年来广受关注．针对7级以上强震成组和突发交替的川滇地区,考虑将与其构造和地震活动关系密切,且强震频发的安达曼-苏门答腊地区作为统一的强震预测研究区,使用PI算法进行MW7.0及以上预测ldquo;目标震级rdquo;的地震危险性分析．计算中使用了1973年以来的NEIC目录,采用10年尺度的地震活动ldquo;异常学习rdquo;时段和3年尺度ldquo;预测时间窗rdquo;,对预测效果进行了ROC检验．回溯性研究显示,PI预测效果较好,表明将川滇-安达曼-苏门答腊地区作为统一的7以上强震PI预测研究区在统计上具有合理性．从统计物理角度,研究区组合前后的各态遍历性曲线显示,组合后的研究区对PI的适用程度虽不优于单独考虑川滇地区,但优于安达曼-苏门答腊地区．PI图象显示,2008震前可能存在中长期尺度的ldquo;前兆性rdquo;地震活动异常．      

黑龙江省漠河县富源沟林场含电气石花岗岩的形成时代及地质意义

本文对额尔古纳地块北段的富源沟林场含电气石花岗岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年和岩石地球化学研究。含电气石花岗岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为458±4 Ma（MSWD = 1.8）,表明含电气石花岗岩形成于晚奥陶世初期。岩石地球化学特征表明该花岗岩应为高钾钙碱性系列（K2O = 3.45%～4.83%）,铝饱和指数A/CNK＞1.1（1.11～1.28）,属强过铝质的S型花岗岩,富集Th、U、Rb、K等元素,相对亏损Sr、Ba、 Nb、Ti、 P、Eu等元素,是同碰撞构造背景下地壳部分熔融的产物。结合前人研究资料和本文数据提出,富源沟林场含电气石花岗岩的形成与额尔古纳地块和兴安地块的碰撞拼贴有关,形成于额尔古纳地块与兴安地块碰撞拼贴作用所引发的碰撞构造背景,由于地缘因素,构造岩浆作用滞后于额尔古纳地块东缘的碰撞拼贴时限,是额尔古纳地块和兴安地块碰撞拼贴的远程效应。     

Discovery of scandium enrichment and its geological significance in the Dawanshan Neoproterozoic metamorphic basalts from the Mouding area in Central Yunnan Province,ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

钪(Sc)是世界各国竞相争夺的关键金属矿产资源之一。滇中牟定大弯山变质玄武岩厚度>36.5m,出露面积0.5km^(2),形成时代为新元古代南华纪(781.3±1.9Ma)。本文对该变质玄武岩开展了全岩地球化学分析、全自动矿物分析(TESCAN TIMA)观测、NPPM薄片区域面扫和单矿物原位LA-ICPMS分析等研究,结果显示变质玄武岩全岩Sc含量为47.0×10^(-6)~97.9×10^(-6),平均含量为69.1×10^(-6),钪氧化物(Sc_(2)O_(3))平均含量为106×10^(-6),变质玄武岩空间Sc矿化特征稳定,具有形成钪矿资源的潜力。同时,变质玄武岩共伴生有钛和铁矿化,全岩TiO_(2)含量为2.57×10^(-2)~6.13×10^(-2),平均为4.25×10^(-2);TFe含量为13.3×10^(-2)~23.7×10^(-2),平均为17.7×10^(-2)。Sc可能存在类质同象和离子相两种赋存形式,类质同象形式Sc主要赋存于钛铁矿和金红石矿物中,钛铁矿中Sc含量为70.0×10^(-6)~168×10^(-6),平均值为108×10^(-6);金红石中Sc含量高达297×10^(-6);而磁铁矿、黑云母等矿物中Sc含量较低,均低于全岩Sc含量,对全岩Sc矿化贡献较小。牟定大弯山Sc矿化与以往报道侵入岩及其风化壳中Sc矿化在富集特征、赋存岩性和载体矿物等方面不同,是变质火山岩中新发现的Sc矿化信息,显示了较好的找矿潜力,对Sc资源勘查和研究具有重要指示意义。     

刚-柔性桩复合地基变形特性有限元分析

在现场试验基础上对条形基础下刚-柔性桩复合地基进行有限元模拟分析。着重讨论了褥垫层、承台、刚性桩、柔性桩等的参数变化对刚-柔性桩复合地基沉降特性的影响。结果表明,复合地基沉降随着褥垫层厚度减小而减小,随着褥垫层模量增加而减小,承台厚度增加有利于减少差异沉降,刚性桩是控制沉降的主要构件,柔性桩桩长增加可以减少差异沉降。分析结果为刚-柔性桩复合地基的优化设计提供理论基础。