Slope reinforcement for housing in Three Gorges reservoir area

The Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River is the largest hydropower-complex project under construction in the world. Under the largescale relocation projects, 2874 engineered slopes are formed along with the construction of new towns. In this paper, the cutting slopes are mainly soil slopes and rock slopes. Soil slopes include residual soil slopes, colluvial accumulation slopes, swelling soil slopes, and artificial earth fill slopes, etc. Rock slopes include blocky structure rock slopes, layer structure rock slopes, and clastic structure rock slopes, etc. Varied protection measures have been used for slope protection in the reservoir area including shotcrete concrete-anchor bars, frame beams, retaining walls, slope stabilizing piles, sheet-pile walls, anchorage anti-shear tunnels, flexible protection grids, and drainage, etc. Besides, slope deformation monitoring systems have been set up to monitor deformation failure and the stability state of slopes. The protection measures have guaranteed slope safety and maintained a harmony with the urban environment and surrounding landscape.     

GeoScope: Full 3D geospatial information system case study

Aiming at the integrative management and comprehensive applications of large-scale 3D geospatial information covering the full 3D space of a city,this paper briefly introduces the design and implementation of a full 3D GIS platform:GeoScope,which provides a professional solution for the massive full three-dimensional geospatial data integration,management,analysis,visualization,and applications.GeoScope is characterized by:(1) extendible software architecture based on the hierarchical message bus,facilitates multimodal integrative applications of 2D GIS and 3D GIS;(2) unified 3D city models,support multiscale semantic representation of outdoor & indoor and aboveground & underground 3D objects;(3) high-efficient 3D geospatial database engine,supports integrated management of massive 3D geospatial data for real-time applications;and (4) high-performance visualization engine exploiting the massively parallel computation architecture of modern GPUs,supports real-time realistic rendering of large-scale complicated 3D geospatial environments.The successful pilot application of GeoScope is also illustrated with the 3D city models of 8494 km2 of the whole Wuhan City,the largest city in middle China.     

基于改进模态参数灵敏度法的结构损伤识别研究

推导了模态参数对于损伤构件的一阶和二阶灵敏度矩阵,并对在推导一阶和二阶振型灵敏度的过程中产生的模态截尾误差进行了改进。根据泰勒级数展开的原理分别建立了一阶和二阶的灵敏度方程。考虑到一阶灵敏度方程求解速度快和二阶灵敏度方程求解精度高的特点,本文提出了一种用于结构损伤识别的混合迭代算法,该算法用二阶非线性的解析解作为算法的第一次迭代值,用一阶灵敏度方程的求解值对该算法的第一次迭代值进行关于泰勒级数截尾误差的修正。研究表明,本文提出的混合迭代算法由于采用了精确度较高的二阶非线性解析解作为迭代修正的初值,因此,迭代修正精度更高,收敛性更好。     

一株海洋细菌对原油降解的分析

对实验室所获得的一株海洋细菌LU1进行原油的降解特性分析和降解条件的优化,结果表明,温度、pH、盐度、油质量浓度、接种量等均对石油的降解率有影响,在25℃,初始pH8.0,舍油量为0.5％的低盐条件下,其对原油的降解效果最佳,降解率达61％.将其与实验室分离得到的一株降解率为67％的原油降解微生物DYL-1混合后,其对...     

20世纪云南地区Ms≥5.0级地震活动的基本特征

在对云南地区地震目录完整性和均匀性分析的基础上，系统总结和分析了20世纪云南地区Ms≥5．0级地震活动时、空、强分布的基本特征。有以下主要认识：（1）6．7级以上大震存在十年尺度的活跃－平静交替活动过程；（2）50年左右的大震复发周期；（3）5级以上地震活动的时、空分布具有很大的随机性，5－6级地震活动不存在活跃期和平静期之分；Ms≥5．0级地震有约2．6次／年的期望年发生率，每年发生0．8－4．5次Ms≥5．0级地震的自然概率是68．3％；（4）6级以上地震具有空间丛集特征，云南全区80％的6级以上地震只分布在全区20％左右的面积上；（5）以金沙江－红河断裂带为界，6．7级以上大震成组地在滇西和滇东交替活动；（6）5级以上地震活动的b值为0．69。     

河西走廊东部强降温变化特征和典型环流型

利用河西走廊东部1961—2010年5个气象站日最低气温观测资料,计算了50 a强降温24 h(48 h)最低气温下降≥8(10)℃、最低气温≤4℃次数,采用统计学方法系统分析了该区域强降温的时空分布以及强度等气候特征,然后利用19912010年ECMWF 500 hPa(2.5°×2.5°)数值预报格点资料,分析了该地强降温的环流特征,最后研究了强降温次数与大气环流特征量的关系。结果表明,受地形地貌、地表植被以及山脉阻挡的影响,河西走廊东部强降温次数的地域分布存在明显差异,海拔较高的山区和北部沙漠边缘强降温次数明显多于绿洲平原区。强降温天气具有明显的区域性特征,随着强降温站数的增多,强降温的次数在减少;24和48 h强降温年代、年次数总体呈减少趋势,其强降温次数时间序列均存在4~6 a的准周期变化,但未出现突变现象。强降温天气主要发生在1-5和9-12月,4月强降温次数最多。各强度强降温次数的变率较大,随着降温强度的增大,强降温次数迅速减少,24 h强降温强度呈较弱减弱趋势,48 h强降温强度呈较弱增强趋势。河西走廊东部强降温天气的典型环流形势分为西北气流型和偏北气流型两大类,其中西北气流型次数多于偏北气流型。河西走廊东部月强降温次数与表征高空冷空气的强度和移动路径的大气环流特征量表现为显著的正相关,说明河西走廊东部强降温次数与高空冷空气的强度和移动路径的关系密切,高空冷空气的强度和移动路径是强降温预测的强信号。     

典型喀斯特岩性组合结构的流域水文干旱机制研究——以贵州省为例

水文干旱已成为全球气候变化背景下典型的自然现象,是气象干旱和农业干旱的延续和发展,是最终、最彻底的干旱。岩性是流域下垫面的重要组成物质,其岩性类型及结构控制着地貌及水系的发育、促进流域储水空间的形成,影响流域的储水能力,关系到流域水文干旱的发生。本文在贵州省选择40个典型流域为研究样区,利用面向对象分类技术,提取流域岩性类型的遥感信息;利用主成分分析及灰色理论,研究岩性类型及其结构对流域水文干旱的影响机制。研究表明:1)从岩性类型因素上看,流域岩性类型对水文干旱影响总体较大,影响从大到小排序(关联度)为:K(0.985)Z(0.96)0(0.924)J(0.922)S(0.806)D(0.788)ε(0.75)C(0.69)Pt(0.684)P(0.568)T(0.542);2)岩性类型的主成分因素对流域水文干旱影响从大到小排序(关联度)为:Z_3(0.48)Z_4(0.47)Z_1(0.44)Z_5(0.42)Z_2(0.39);3)岩性类型组合方式对流域水文干旱影响从大到小排序为:Ⅰ、ⅡⅤ、ⅣⅢ。     

ZQZ TF型风向传感器电路剖析及维修方法

地面观测场往往处于空旷地区,风传感器又安装在观测场10 m以上空中,容易遭受雷击而损坏。若受损的风向传感器就此弃之,造成极大浪费。我们根据实物绘制了风向传感器的电路原理图,结合原理图分析了风向传感器的工作原理,并设计了格雷码检测电路。通过7个发光二极管能方便、直观的判断7位格雷码中是哪位出现问题,从而结合电路查找故障点及有关元件,提出了在没有专业工具的情况下,如何拆卸及焊接贴片芯片的简便易行的方法。通过几例检修实例,进一步说明分析故障原因及检修方法。     

Evaluation of the RPC Model for Ziyuan-3 Three-line Array Imagery

Ziyuan-3 (ZY-3) satellite is the first civilian stereo mapping satellite in China and was designed to achieve the 1: 50,000 scale mapping for land and ocean. Rigorous sensor model (RSM) is required to build the relationship between the three-dimensional (3D) object space and two-dimensional (2D) image space of ZY-3 satellite imagery. However, each satellite sensor has its own imaging system with different physical sensor models, which increase the difficulty of geometric integration of multi-source images with different sensor models. Therefore, it is critical to generate generic model, especially rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) of optical imagery. Recently, relatively a few researches have been conducted on RPCs generation to ZY-3 satellite. This paper proposes an approach to evaluate the performance of RPCs generation from RSM of ZY-3 imagery. Three scenario experiments with different terrain features (such as ocean, hill, city and grassland) are designed and conducted to comprehensively evaluate the replacement accuracies of this approach and analyze the RPCs fitting error. All the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved the encouraging accuracy of better than 1.946E?04 pixel in both x-axis direction and y-axis direction, and it indicates that the RPCs are suitable for ZY-3 imagery and can be used as a replacement for the RSM of ZY-3 imagery.     

基于小波去噪的高铁沉降预测模型研究

以武汉市某高铁的沉降观测数据为基础,对小波去噪前后的观测数据分别采用非线性曲线拟合模型和时间序列分析模型进行建模预测,并与实测数据进行比较分析.结果表明,观测数据经小波去噪后再进行建模分析,两种方法的预测精度都有很大改善,对高铁沉降变形预报有一定的实用价值.