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131.
Evolution characters of water exchange abilities between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Chaomin Ou Jingbao Li Yongqiang Zhou Weiyan Cheng Yan Yang Zhonghua Zhao 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(4):731-745
By using field-survey hydrological data of the related control stations in Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River mainstream in 1951–2010, the evolution characters of water exchange abilities between the two water bodies and their response to the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) from different time scales are analyzed based on their hydraulic relations. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, during July-September, the replenishment ability of Three Outlets to Dongting Lake is stronger, and in January-March, the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River is stronger. Secondly, there has been an obvious inter-decadal wave on the water exchange coefficient between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River. In 1951–1958 and 1959–1968, the replenishment ability of Three Outlets to Dongting Lake was stronger, but in 2003–2010, the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River has been strengthened. Thirdly, the spill-division ability of Three Outlets weakens, and the water of Dongting Lake coming from Three Outlets decreases either in typical years or under different dispatching modes of the TGR after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Furthermore, the water of Dongting Lake coming from Four Rivers takes the dominant position, which obviously enhances the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River. Fourthly, if the effect of the runoff fluctuation in the basin is not considered, the evolution characters of the exchange capacities and the exchange process between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River in different time scales are generally changed with the variation of the water exchange amount between them, although the factors influencing the water exchange capacities between them is very complex. These show that there is an in-line growth or decline relation between the river-lake water exchange ability and the river-lake water exchange amount. 相似文献
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The nonhorizontal‐model‐layer (NHML) grid system is more accurate than the horizontal‐model‐layer grid system to describe groundwater flow in an unconfined sloping aquifer on the basis of MODFLOW‐2000. However, the finite‐difference scheme of NHML was based on the Dupuit‐Forchheimer assumption that the streamlines were horizontal, which was acceptable for slope less than 0.10. In this study, we presented a new finite‐difference scheme of NHML based on the Boussinesq assumption and developed a new package SLOPE which was incorporated into MODFLOW‐2000 to become the MODFLOW‐SP model. The accuracy of MODFLOW‐SP was tested against solution of Mac Cormack (1969). The differences between the solutions of MODFLOW‐2000 and MODFLOW‐SP were nearly negligible when the slope was less than 0.27, and they were noticeable during the transient flow stage and vanished in steady state when the slope increased above 0.27. We established a model considering the vertical flow using COMSOL Multiphysics to test the robustness of constrains used in MODFLOW‐SP. The results showed that streamlines quickly became parallel with the aquifer base except in the narrow regions near the boundaries when the initial flow was not parallel to the aquifer base. MODFLOW‐SP can be used to predict the hydraulic head of an unconfined aquifer along the profile perpendicular to the aquifer base when the slope was smaller than 0.50. The errors associated with constrains used in MODFLOW‐SP were small but noticeable when the slope increased to 0.75, and became significant for the slope of 1.0. 相似文献
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龙游石窟1号洞和其他4个洞体,开发16a来,在取得了丰硕的社会经济效益和学术成果的同时,洞体在自然力的作用下,出现了严重的破坏。构成石窟的柱、墙和顶板陆续出现裂缝。其原因是构成洞体的泥质砂岩易于风化、易于流变,在干湿交替和温度变化的情况下极易破坏。同时处于浅埋状态的洞室顶板、柱子、墙体强度不足,在自重作用下发生以冲切、剪切、弯曲为主要特征的破坏形式。开发时施加的外部荷载加剧了这种破坏。针对这些破坏形式,加固方案宜采用整体设计分步实施的方案。先柱墙,后顶板。柱墙加固以柱支撑为主要手段,顶板以梁支撑为主要手段。两者相互联系形成一个美观的加固体系。 相似文献
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Tian Zhonghua Xiao Wenjiao Windley Brian F. Zhang Ji’en Zhang Zhiyong Song Dongfang 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,106(7):2319-2342
International Journal of Earth Sciences - The Beishan and East Tianshan Orogenic Collages in the southernmost Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) record the final stages of evolution of the... 相似文献
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东濮凹陷盐湖相原油中杂原子化合物研究薄弱。采用高分辨率质谱结合色谱-质谱技术,对东濮凹陷盐湖相、淡水湖相原油中的含硫化物进行了检测。结果表明,原油中含有丰富的含硫化合物,S1和O1S1占绝对优势,咸水相原油富含S1类、淡水相原油相对富集O1S1类,指示O1S1/S1具有原始沉积环境指示意义。东濮盐湖相原油中的硫化物富含碳数为C27-35、C40的化合物,与原油中丰富的甾类、藿烷类与β-胡萝卜类化合物碳数相吻合,指示菌藻类、色素类生源的重要贡献。随成熟度增加,硫化物缩合度增加、烷基侧链碳数范围降低,相关参数DBE6/DBE12-S1、DBE3+6/DBE12+15+18-S1等可用于辅助评价原油成熟度。东濮低熟油含有丰富的低热稳定性硫化物,指示富硫干酪根和/或富硫大分子低温降解是低熟油形成的重要机制之一。 相似文献
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铁在地壳中的含量位列第四,在海洋中常以微量元素的身份出现。铁拥有多变的价态和多样的功能,是调节海洋初级生产力和驱动海洋生物地球化学循环的重要力量。以往的研究表明,铁在维持初级生产力、耦合物质循环以及调节生源要素转化中具有重要作用。近年来微生物生态学的发展将铁的研究推向了新的高度,包括微生物驱动的铁氧化-还原行为、代谢过程以及与主要元素(C/N/P)的交互关系等。以近15年发表的文献为重点,尝试综述铁的最新进展。首先梳理了海洋中铁的来源和赋存状态(溶解态、胶体态、颗粒态和有机态);其次阐释了微生物介导的铁氧化还原类型和过程机制(如硝酸盐氧化、生物还原等);最后总结了铁与C/N/P循环的耦合关系以及在特定生态事件中的生态效应。此外,对海洋铁研究的“化学-生物-物理”理论框架也进行了展望,旨在为更好地认识铁循环及其在海洋微生态过程的作用提供资料借鉴。 相似文献