Mongolian gerbils and Daurian pikas responded differently to changes in precipitation in the Inner Mongolian grasslands

Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and Daurian pikas (Ochotona dauurica) are two key small mammal species in the Inner Mongolian grasslands, China. Mongolian gerbils displayed density-dependent population growth, but the time lag of density dependence was short and within season. The spring–autumn population growth rate was inversely related to population density in Mongolian gerbils of the Erdos desert grasslands. The autumn–spring population growth rate of Mongolian gerbils was inversely related to winter precipitation. Precipitation had stronger effects on the population growth of gerbils during the non-breeding season. The monthly population growth rate of Daurian pikas was positively related to the monthly precipitation and was inversely related to population density in central Inner Mongolia. Daurian pikas select habitats with tall plants. Increased precipitation enhances plant production and increases the height of plants in arid and semi-arid regions. This enhancement of plant height might increase the population growth of Daurian pikas. Mongolian gerbils live in short grasslands. Increased winter precipitation might result in higher winter mortality of Mongolia gerbils, or taller plants might supress gerbil population growth in wet years. Therefore, responses of small mammal species to changes in precipitation depend on the life history of small mammals and changes in vegetation induced by climatic changes.     

青藏高原清水河多年冻土区铁路路基沉降变形特征研究

通过埋设在青藏铁路路基中两个断面内的6条沉降观测管3 a来的地基沉降变形资料,研究了高原多年冻土区铁路路基的沉降变形特征,分析了填筑铁路路基对下伏多年冻土融化变形的影响。研究表明,由于受到填筑路基时赋存在路基填料内的热量的影响,铁路路基下伏多年冻土上限在施工初期会有一个明显的下移沉降,铁路路基也随之有一个较大幅度的工后下沉变动,随着时间的推移,路基下降速率会逐渐下降,但在短时间内不会停止下来,而且由于太阳辐射和路基边坡形状的影响,路基向阳面与背阴面的变形有较大的差别,且在近南北向展布的路基上表现最为明显。     

Towards models of strategic spatial choice behaviour: theory and application issues

Models of spatial choice behaviour have been around in geography urban planning for decades to assess the feasibility of planning actions or to predict external (competition) effects on existing destinations. Although these models differ in terms of complexity and key concepts, they all have in common that spatial choice behaviour is predicted as a function of the attributes of the choice alternatives and distance or travel time separation only. None of these models do take into account that the attributes of choice alternatives and travel time may be highly non-stationary and that often the utility that people derive from visiting a particular location also depends on the choice behaviour of other individuals. Under these circumstances, individuals may exhibit strategic choice behaviour. That is, they will choose particular choice options taking into account their expected behaviour of others such as to maximize their own utility. The purpose of the proposed paper is to discuss possible models of strategic choice behaviour for these urban planning problems. Theory will be outlined and some critical issues in the application of such models to problems of spatial choice will be discussed.     

胶北晚中生代煌斑岩的岩石地球化学特征及其成因研究

胶北煌斑岩分别采自龙口、烟台和威海地区，包括拉辉煌斑岩、斜闪正煌岩和角闪煌斑岩，煌斑岩K—Ar全岩年龄变化于89．3～169．5Ma，为晚中生代岩浆活动的产物。在岩石化学组成上，SiO2=42．02％～54．95％，以钙碱性系列为主．岩石以富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）（Ba，U，K，Th）和LREE，亏损高场强元素（HFSE）（Nb，Ta和Ti）为特征，Mg^#=33．9～53．9，Eu／Eu^＊=0．71～0．89，^87Sr／^86Sr初始比值0．707642～0．709791，εNd（t）为-17．6～-10．4，^206Pb／^204Pb=37．588～38．431，^207Pb／^204Pb=15．423～15．531，^206Pb／^204Pb=17．204～18．179。表明煌斑岩源自俯冲陆壳（扬子下地壳）在地幔源区发生交代作用时形成的富集型地幔的部分熔融体．考虑到煌斑岩具有大陆边缘弧玄武岩的特征，我们认为煌斑岩在成因上同样与古大洋板块的俯冲作用有关，为碰撞后弧岩浆作用形成的脉岩。     

青海气候条件对牧草再生性影响的研究

选取1994～2001年河南、甘德两站牧草再生草资料及同期气象资料，通过分析同一地区不同时期及同一时期不同地区气候条件对牧草再生性的影响，建立了牧草再生草产量气候模式，讨论了再生草增、减产的气候条件。研究得出：同一地区不同时期和同一时期不同地区因气候条件不同，割草不一定能增产。     

云南省冰雹的时空分布特征

利用近40年的云南省冰雹资料，统计分析了云南省冰雹的时空分布特征，进一步揭示了其活动规律及主要影响因素。研究结果表明：冰雹的季节分布比较复杂，呈现出春季和夏季两个峰值的特点；冰雹的季节分布还与海拔高度有关，低海拔地区为春季多雹型，高海拔地区为夏季多雹型；滇西地区冰雹日数的年际变化特征较滇东地区显著而年代际变化特征没有东部地区站点明显；滇东地区表现出了明显的年代际变化特征，目前处于冰雹相对较少时期。从区域来看，年冰雹日数山区较坝区高，高海拔地区较低海拔地区高。     

基于粗糙集的K--均值聚类算法在遥感影像分割中的应用

结合粗糙集理论和K——均值聚类算法，提出一种遥感影像的粗糙聚类分割方法。根据遥感影像中特征属性的相互依赖关系，应用粗糙集理论的等价关系。求出K——均值聚类所需要的初始类的个数和均值。然后采用聚类算法对图像进行分割。实验结果表明该方法比随机选取聚类的中心点和个数减少了运算量．提高了分类精度和准确性。     

少量地面控制点的遥感图像精纠正与定位技术探讨

本文主要讨论了利用空间投影一空间斜墨卡托（SOM）投影进行卫星遥感图像精纠正与定位，解决缺少控制点地区卫星遥感图像精纠正与定位问题，并根据正反算公式讨论了卫星遥感图像纠正的空间投影数学基础。     

MODIS多光谱云相态识别技术的应用研究

介绍了卫星多光谱云相态识别的基本原理, 并给出了EOS/ MODIS云相态识别的流程。针对简单和复杂云场, 利用个例并结合无线电探空资料与MODI S三通道合成图肯定了多光谱云相态识别的合理性和实际效果。文中对几个特定天气系统(西南涡旋和西太平洋台风)下大面积云场相态分析的结果表明:多光谱云相态识别技术有一定应用价值, 且需要引入可见光技术来减少红外谱段对多层云覆盖和薄卷云的相态分析误差。     

飓风中的涡旋罗斯贝波

文中从柱坐标系下的正压无辐散涡度方程出发,用WKBJ方法求解方程,发现在飓风中存在类似于行星罗斯贝波的涡旋罗斯贝波,这种波的形成主要是由于飓风中基态涡度垂直分量的径向梯度所决定。利用一次飓风过程的精确数值模拟所输出高分辨的资料,计算了飓风中径向涡度梯度的分布,指出这类波动主要存在于眼墙和眼心中。波动结构分析表明,波动能量具有径向频散,这有可能是飓风暖心结构的一种形成机制。最后用波射线法讨论了定常涡旋罗斯贝波的径向频散