GIS在海洋气象服务中的应用

海洋经济的发展越来越离不开海洋气象服务,随着GIS、Web服务等计算机和船舶通讯技术的发展,海洋气象服务正面临着新的机遇,以GIS为支撑的海洋气象信息库的建立变得日益现实,它的出现不仅有助于人们直观理解和分析大气海洋环境特征的分布情况,克服目前我国海洋气象服务的种种困难,而且必将有助于揭示海区气象环境的变化规律,增强目前海洋气象灾害的监测能力,提高海洋天气预报的水平。     

利用海量探测数据实现昆明市地下管线三维建模的应用研究

本文讲述以Skyline5.1为三维GIS开发平台,以C#为二次开发语言,结合昆明市地下管网的实地探测数据,快速实现昆明城市地下管线探测数据三维模型的建设。在此过程中解决了大数据量城市地下管线数据直接三维模型构建并正确处理管线数据之间的逻辑关系,减少人工干预工作量;从而实现城市地下管线探测数据快速生成三维图形并提交使用。     

简单矢量数据多边形裁剪问题的图模型

无拓扑信息的矢量数据多边形裁剪问题是解决GIS叠置分析的基础。本文借鉴GIS中弧段结点模型的思想,建立描述两多边形集合间裁剪问题的图模型,以解决现有算法实现在处理大数据量裁剪时暴露的问题。本模型运用图中定义的顶点和边分别表示结点和弧段,使集合间实体的关联性得以增强,结果区域边界的重组过程得到简化。针对海量数据的存取特性,设计并实现了该模型的数据组织方式及其构建算法。最后以大数据量GIS叠置分析为例, 将本文实现与Vatti算法实现加以比较,实验表明,本实现在进行大数据量的两多边形集合裁剪时效率较高;同时,程序具有合理调配其内存空间中栈和堆资源使用的能力,这使其健壮性强于后者。     

基于Hyperion影像的水稻冠层生化参量反演

采用小区实验与大田应用相结合的方法, 依据扬州实验小区地面实测拔节期、抽穗期及灌浆期的水稻叶片、冠层光谱及氮和叶绿素含量, 采用光谱吸收特征和植被指数分析方法, 得到估算水稻氮和叶绿素含量的最佳光谱特征参数; 结合覆盖江苏姜堰地区大田的Hyperion高光谱遥感影像, 建立反演水稻冠层氮和叶绿素含量的模型, 对研究区大田水稻冠层氮和叶绿素含量进行了反演及制图。结果表明: 经波深中心归一化方法分析, 发现以670nm为中心的光谱吸收特征面积与水稻氮含量呈显著相关性; 基于反转归一化光谱, 结合560nm和670nm两个波段, 建立的植被指数NDVI560_670能很好地反演水稻叶绿素含量。     

松辽盆地西部斜坡区烃渗漏蚀变信息遥感探测

使用陆地卫星ETM+7图像对松辽盆地西部斜坡区进行稠油探测,图像增强方法有主成分分析、波段比值和假彩色合成等.主成分因子1,3,4,5-PC3(1,3,4,5主成分分析的第3主成分),1,3,5,7-PC3,2,3,5,7-PC3和3,4,5,7-PC4与波段比值3/1,4/3,7/5和(4/3)-(2/3)等用丁假彩色合成,在合成影像上圈定烃渗漏蚀变区域.结果表明烃渗漏蚀变区域与地质背景密切相关,与下伏油藏的分布大致相符.     

基于能量守恒的星间距离变率与地球重力场频谱关系的建立与分析(英文)

The spectral relationship between range-rate measurements and the gravity potential for low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking mission was established based on the energy conservation theory. Then the performances of satellite separation, the orbital altitude, and the accuracy of range-rate measurements in recovering the earth’s gravity field were simulated and analyzed by this method. Finally, the cumulative geoid errors of the reference mode were obtained by using the configuration parameters of the GRAC...     

Comparison of ecophysiological characteristics between introduced and indigenous mangrove species in China

Due to its rapid growth, the introduced mangrove species Sonneratia apetala from Bangladesh has been widely used in mangrove restoration in southeastern China since 1985. As an indigenous mangrove species in Hainan, China, Sonneratia caseolaris was also planted in Guangdong Province for afforestation purposes. Both species have developed well in their new habitats, but their ecophysiological differences with the native mangrove species have not been studied. In this study, leaf gas exchange, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of two Sonneratia species were compared with those of selected native mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel, and Excoecaria agallocha) in Hainan and Shenzhen. The introduced S. apetala maintained lower carbon assimilation rate (A) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) than the indigenous S. caseolaris. In Shenzhen, the two introduced Sonneratia had comparable photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency (WUE) with the native mangrove species, except that PNUE in S. caseolaris was significantly higher than in the native mangrove species. The two Sonneratia species showed significant overlap in PNUE and long-term WUE. Photosynthetic parameters derived from leaf photosynthetic light–response curves and A–C_i curves also suggested lower carbon assimilation capacities for the introduced Sonneratia than for the native mangrove species in both study sites. The lower light compensation point (LCP) of two introduced Sonneratia in both study sites also indicated a better adaptation to a low light regime than the native mangrove species. The results of photosynthetic capacities indicated that the introduced mangrove species have little competitive advantage over local native mangrove species in their respective new habitats.     

Comparison Study on Wind Input and Whitecapping Dissipation Expressions in Numerical Simulation of Typhoon Generated Waves

In order to investigate the effect of wind input and whitecapping dissipation on the simulation of typhoon-waves, three experiments are conducted with the latest version of SWAN （Simulating WAves Nearshore） model. The three experiments adopt the Komen, Janssens, and Westhuysen expressions for wind input and whitecapping dissipation, respectively. Besides the above-mentioned source tems, other parameterization schemes in these experiments are the same. It shows that the experiment with the Westhuysen expression result in the least simulation errors while that with the Janssens expression has the most. The results from the experiments with Komen and Westhuysen expressions show that the differenees in significant wave height （SWH） have a good correlation with the differences in dissipation energy caused by whiteeapping. This indicates that the whitecapping dissipation source term plays an important role in the resultant differences of the simulated SWH between the two experiments.     

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DGPS在广西沿海海底地形测绘中的应用

DGPS（DifferentialGlobalPositioningSystem）测量技术即差分定位技术,包括实时差分和后处理差分定位技术,正在远海和近海测量中得到广泛应用。后处理差分定位与微波定位及GPS实时差分定位相比,具有作用距离远,不受基准台与船台之问的障碍物影响以及减少基准台等优点。对于近海大比例尺（大于1：1万）测量,可采用实时差分定位的方法,而小于1：1万中小比例尺海底地形图测绘及海上其他工程测量,采用后处理差分定位,既能满足精度要求,又能提高工作效率。本文主要介绍利用DGPS后处理定位方法,在测绘广西沿海1：5万海底地形图中的应用情况。