西藏念青唐古拉山帕戈勒中新世二云母花岗岩成因机制及对稀有金属铍成矿能力的指示

淡色花岗岩是研究浅部地壳物质成分和碰撞造山带地球动力学过程的理想对象,也是稀有金属成矿的重要载体。本文研究的帕戈勒二云母花岗岩发育在西藏冈底斯念青唐古拉复式花岗岩岩基的西南侧,以岩株和岩枝形式产出,局部偶见绿柱石。精细的锆石U-Pb定年显示,岩体结晶成岩年龄为18.4 Ma和17.6 Ma,形成于中新世。岩体具有高的SiO₂(72.78%～75.53%)和K₂O(4.83%～5.52%)含量,低的Al₂O₃(13.42%～14.60%)、MgO(0.10%～0.24%)、TFe₂O₃(0.86%～1.65%)含量,A/CNK为1.04～1.12,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄质花岗岩。(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.712139～0.713545,ε_Nd(t)=-9.0～-8.3,Nd二阶段模式年龄t_DM2=1211～1468 Ma,²⁰⁶     

中国海及邻区盆地现今地温场特征及其影响因素

现今地温场是构造活动、岩石圈热状态的综合反应,对研究盆地的区域构造演化、深部岩石圈结构和评估油气潜力具有重要意义。地温梯度和大地热流是表征沉积盆地热状况的两个基本参数。虽然我国大陆地区地热数据较丰富,并已经过四次系统汇编,但中国海及邻区盆地地热数据报道较少,且未经过系统整理。本文基于近年来新增的钻井温度数据,新增计算研究区810个地温梯度数据,并收集了国内外数据库、期刊的地热数据,在此基础上,首次系统整理了中国海及邻区盆地地温梯度数据和大地热流数据,绘制了其等值线图,分析了研究区现今地温场特征并讨论了其影响因素。研究结果表明,中国海及邻区盆地平均地温梯度43.2±25.7℃/km,平均大地热流74.4±26.6 mW/m²,多数盆地平均大地热流高于65 mW/m²,属于“热盆”;地温场分布总体呈现较为明显的“两带性”,其中近岸带较冷,远岸带较热;研究区现今地温场特征直接或间接地受控于其所处的构造环境,整体上是太平洋板块等多板块作用下岩石圈伸展减薄的结果,局部地区的热异常可能与断裂活动、岩浆活动、泥-热流底辟活动等因素有关。     

Comprehensive diag”nostic review of the (13)~C-enriched crude oils exemplified by TD2∈ and TZ62S in Tarim Basin,NW China

The crude oils typically from the CambrianLower Ordovician source rocks of Tarim Basin, NW"China, such as TD2 and TZ62S, are13C-enriched with the stable carbon isotopic ratios(VPDB) approaching-28 %.In this paper, the main research viewpoints on this issue are summarized, and combined with results from organic and inorganic carbon isotope stratum curves of the outcrop at the Ya’erdang Mountain in Tarim Basin. In addition, more alternative interpretations are discussed. On one hand, the inverse fractionation features of stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of these crude oils may imply their protogenous nature. On the other hand, the anisotropy of source rocks and contribution from older stratum source rocks need verifying as well. For the sake of the final resolution of this issue, some further study topics are recommended.     

浅析全数字测图方法在高精度多要素地形图测量中的应用

全数字测图有高精度、速度快、内外业一体化作业的优势,近年来随着GPS、GIS技术的发展,全数字测图又得到了迅速地发展与应用。在多要素地形图测量中,全数字测图的优势得到了充分地发挥。结合某研究院科研区大比例尺地形图测绘实例介绍了切实应用的几种测量方法,为相似工程提供参考。     

湘西碳酸岩山区页岩气地震勘探采集技术研究

湖南湘西碳酸盐岩山区不同时期灰岩出露,岩性变化较大,且受风化、淋滤、剥蚀作用,溶洞、裂缝十分发育,导致地震波能量衰减严重,且地震波传播路径和地震波场的复杂,地震原始资料信噪比较低。针对上述问题,采用单/双井微测井相结合的精细浅表层结构调查方法,结合药柱长度和爆炸理论计算出的爆炸半径,动态设计井深激发方式。通过室内模拟计算,研究低频检波器多串、线性等组合接收方式在区内压制面波、折射波、多次折射及侧面波等多波干扰的效果,最终选择2串24个检波器等灵敏度组合及小道距、高覆盖观测等关键采集技术。实践表明,该区选择的观测系统较好的克服了南方岩溶地区地震勘探信噪比低的问题,具有极强的推广价值。     

胡杨(Populus euphratica)异形叶叶绿素荧光动力学

荒漠地区的胡杨(Populus euphratica)叶片为多态形,呈现出由披针形叶到锯齿卵圆形叶的规律性变化。为了研究胡杨异形叶的电子传递和光能吸收、分配和耗散对额济纳荒漠地区的适应特征,分别连续测定了生长季内胡杨两种典型叶片(披针形叶和锯齿卵圆形叶)的叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线。结果表明:(1)锯齿卵圆形叶的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光能利用参数(PI)高于披针形叶,QA的积累量(Vj)、QA还原的相对速率(Mo)小于披针形叶;(2)锯齿卵圆形叶的反应中心密度(RC/CSo)、单位横截面积上电子传递能量(ETo/CSo)高于披针形叶,单位横截面积上耗散的能量(DIo/CSo)以及单位反应中心上的能量流参数(ABS/RC、ETo/RC、TRo/RC、DIo/RC)低于披针形叶;(3)锯齿卵圆形叶用于光化学反应和电子传递的能量比例(ΦPo、Ψo、ΦEo)大于披针形叶,非光化学猝灭的最大量子产额(ΦDo)小于披针形叶。这说明,胡杨锯齿卵圆形叶相对披针形叶具有更有效的能量分配策略,对极端环境条件的适应性更强。     

天地技术合一的野外地质工作现代化模式

在无人、无通讯信号的艰险地区开展地质调查工作,其传统模式是小组独立作战,工作环境基本与世隔绝。由于卫星电话或电台在成本和使用上不便,使野外地质调查工作处在极其原始状态下,保障生命安全和地质工作调查精度困难极大。通过3S技术、IP通讯卫星技术与北斗系统、网格GIS和"云"计算技术的集成,构建北斗系统与网格组合的静动态4级组网模式和多种资源的协同技术,形成天地空技术合一的现代化野外地质工作+管理+安全保障的技术架构与智能地质调查服务模式。     

Using hourly measurements to explore the role of secondary inorganic aerosol in PM2.5 during haze and fog in Hangzhou,China

This paper explores the role of the secondary inorganic aerosol （SIA） species ammonium,NH4＋,nitrate,NO3-,and sulfate,SO24-,during haze and fog events using hourly mass concentrations of PM2.5 measured at a suburban site in Hangzhou,China.A total of 546 samples were collected between 1 April and 8 May 2012.The samples were analyzed and classified as clear,haze or fog depending on visibility and relative humidity （RH）.The contribution of SIA species to PM2.5 mass increased to ～50％ during haze and fog.The mass contribution of nitrate to PM2.5 increased from 11％ during clear to 20％ during haze episodes.Nitrate mass exceeded sulfate mass during haze,while near equal concentrations were observed during fog episodes.The role of RH on the correlation between concentrations of SIA and visibility was examined,with optimal correlation at 60％-70％ RH.The total acidity during clear,haze and fog periods was 42.38,48.38 and 45.51 nmol m-3,respectively,indicating that sulfate,nitrate and chloride were not neutralized by ammonium during any period.The nitrate to sulfate molar ratio,as a function of the ammonium to sulfate molar ratio,indicated that nitrate formation during fog started at a higher ammonium to sulfate molar ratio compared to clear and haze periods.During haze and fog,the nitrate oxidation ratio increased by a factor of 1.6-1.7,while the sulfur oxidation ratio increased by a factor of 1.2-1.5,indicating that both gaseous NO2 and SO2 were involved in the reduced visibility.     

The influence of seasonal snow on soil thermal and water dynamics under different vegetation covers in a permafrost region

Seasonal snow is one of the most important influences on the development and distribution of permafrost and the hydrothermal regime in surface soil. Alpine meadow, which constitutes the main land type in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, was selected to study the influence of seasonal snow on the temperature and moisture in active soil layers under different vegetation coverage. Monitoring sites for soil moisture and temperature were constructed to observe the hydrothermal processes in active soil layers under different vegetation cover with seasonal snow cover variation for three years from 2010 to 2012. Differences in soil temperature and moisture in areas of diverse vegetation coverage with varying levels of snow cover were analyzed using active soil layer water and temperature indices. The results indicated that snow cover greatly influenced the hydrothermal dynamics of the active soil layer in alpine meadows. In the snow manipulation experiment with a snow depth greater than 15 cm, the snow cover postponed both the freeze-fall and thawrise onset times of soil temperature and moisture in alpine LC （lower vegetation coverage） meadows and of soil moisture in alpine HC （higher vegetation coverage） meadows; however, the opposite response occurred for soil temperatures of alpine HC meadows,where the entire melting period was extended by advancing the thaw-rise and delaying the freeze-fall onset time of the soil temperature. Snow cover resulted in a decreased amplitude and rate of variation in soil temperature, for both alpine HC meadows and alpine LC meadows, whereas the distinct influence of snow cover on the amplitude and rate of soil moisture variation occurred at different soil layers with different vegetation coverages. Snow cover increased the soil moisture of alpine grasslands during thawing periods. The results confirmed that the annual hydrothermal dynamics of active layers in permafrost were subject to the synergistic actions of both snow cover and vegetation coverage.     

A global climatology of extreme rainfall rates in the inner core of intense tropical cyclones

The localized rain rate maxima (R_M) of the inner core region of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) are investigated using Version 6 of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis data-set from 1998 to 2010. Specifically, this study examines the probabilities of R_M exceeding 25 mm h^?1 (P25) in intense TCs. The 25 mm h^?1 R_M is the 90th percentile of all R_M observations during the study period. The descending order of P25 observed from intense TCs for the six major ocean basins is: the North Indian Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the South Pacific Ocean, the South Indian Ocean, and the East-central Pacific Ocean. The six major basins have been subdivided into 29 sub-basins to discern regional variability of R_M. P25 increases with increasing TC category in all major basins, except for the South Pacific. Sub-basins with intense TCs that produce extreme rainfall rate maxima include the Bay of Bengal, the South Philippine Sea, the East China Sea, the north coast of Australia, southeast Melanesia, and the Northwest Atlantic. Sub-basins with a higher proportion of category 5 (CAT5) observations than category 3 (CAT3) observations tend to have a greater P25 beyond 60 km from the storm center.