选育品种松荷鲤遗传结构研究

本研究随机选取了136尾松荷鲤个体,利用30对多态性较高的微卫星标记对该品种的遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明:群体平均等位基因数(A)为8.33,有效等位基因数(Ae)为5.91,期望杂合度(He)值为0.81,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.78,显示出群体丰富的遗传多样性;哈迪-温伯格平衡检验结果显示超过半数的位点都发生了显著或者极显著偏离平衡,表明人工选择压力对群体结构造成了很大的影响;种群有效群体大小和群体瓶颈效应分析表明,有效种群大小约为133,种群近期内可能经历了遗传瓶颈。本研究通过对选育品种松荷鲤遗传变异进行了分析,初步了解了该品种的遗传结构,为松荷鲤的种质资源保存和利用提供了支持。     

WRF3.1微物理参数化方案对两例暴雨的集合预报试验及可预报性分析

采用WRFV3.1.1数值模式,选取模式中的10个微物理过程参数化方案构造10个集合预报成员,分别对2008年6月9—10日江淮地区暴雨与2008年6月6—7日华南地区暴雨进行集合预报试验,并进一步讨论了这两例暴雨的可预报性差异。结果表明:各参数化方案在暴雨的模拟中所表现出来的优势是相对的,但微物理过程集合预报在两例暴雨中都取得稳定且优异的模拟效果;通过比较两例暴雨的ETS(Equitable threat score)评分距平发现,华南暴雨在各个量级上的ETS评分距平都大于江淮暴雨,且华南暴雨集合成员之间的ETS评分差别也较大;大多数集合成员的模式误差在初始12 h增长最快,其后将减慢或者降低。对各成员的均方根误差(σ)距平分析表明,华南暴雨的σ距平增长相对较快且成员之间差别较大。因此从模式误差增长的角度来说,华南暴雨的可预报性低于江淮暴雨。     

能量净输送与台风的移动

基于能量场的变化与台风移动有密切关系的事实,本文试图从讨论能量场的变化入手,探讨通过预报能量场系统的移动以预报台风移动的方法。通过对7504、7708、7806、7909、7910号台风总湿位能场的分析,发现台风在各层等压面上均对应着闭合的能量场系统(700毫巴以上▽²E_σ<0,低层▽²E_σ>0),且两者的移动路径一致。此外,能量通量场和能量通量散度场的分析结果表明,在台风的进路方向有明显的强能量输送带,台风基本上沿着500毫巴能量水平通量散度梯度的方向移动。VE_σ图和▽·(E_σ)图可以作为定性判断台风疑难路径的一种辅助工具。     

ON RELATION OF MESO-α INERTIA WAVE DEVELOPMENT TO RAINSTORM ENHANCEMENT IN TYPHOON POLLY

Numerical simulation and diagnosis show that the amplified rainstorm from Typhoon Poily is related to the development/migration of meso-α gravity waves, inhomoseneous stratification distribution andcumulus convection latent heating feedback in the storm; such waves at a large scale are excited bylarge-scale nonlinear advection; substantially amplified ageostrophic wind perturbation resulting fromthe latent heating gives rise to intensified wave amplitude, leading to enhanced rising and thus torrentialrainfall; as the waves migrate towards reduced stability, wave energy is most likely to increase.     

地勘单位企业化改革的理性思考——东北煤田地质局一0七队产权制度改革的启示

东北煤田地质局107队通过资本运作，职工参股，资本量化，产权多元，股本流动等多种形式，试行模拟改制，调动了投资者、经营者、劳动者三方面的积极性，为推动地勘单位的企业化改革进程积累了一定的经验。     

Monitoring the Grassland Change in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A Case Study on Aba County

Located on the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, Aba County is the core area of the Returning Grazing Land to Grassland Project (RGLGP) on the plateau. For the purpose of monitoring the grassland change before and after the grassland protection project in Aba County, Landsat images acquired in 1996, 2003 and 2009 were analyzed. Using Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) model, sub-pixel fractions of land cover components were obtained: bright vegetation (BV), dark vegetation (DV), bright soil (BS), dark soil (DS) and water. Fraction images present the distribution and proportions of typical land cover components in this study. Fractions BV and BS were chosen as two indicators for grassland degradation. Thereafter, Change Vector Analysis (CVA) model was applied on the two indicators. After the performance of the CVA model, change results which consisted of both grassland degradation and vegetation re-growth were obtained, showing the change patterns of grassland degradation and vegetation re-growing in Aba County between two gaps: from 1996 to 2003 (before the RGLGP) and from 2003 to 2009 (after the RGLGP). The change patterns of grassland degradation and vegetation re-growing can effectively assist in the development of environmental restoration measures and in the RGLGP plans for the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.     

新疆油田连续运行参考站网络建设与应用

介绍新疆油田连续运行参考站网络的建设概况,分析建设连续运行参考站网络的几个关键环节,简要阐述连续运行参考站网络在多个领域的开发和应用。     

从叶绿素a的变化浅析西湖综合保护工程效益(1998-2007年)

自1998年以来,杭州市政府先后实施了西湖疏浚、湖西综合保护、引配水改建等几项主要治理工程,西湖周边的环境质量得到了明显提高.对1998-2007年间杭州西湖主要湖区叶绿素a的含量进行了跟踪监测分析与研究,结果表明,西湖主要湖区年均叶绿素a含量比治理工程实施前明显下降,且下降幅度可达42.8%-87.3%,西湖综合保护工程的实施对改善西湖的水质起了主要的作用.     

Three-Dimensional Wind Field Retrieved from Dual-Doppler Radar Based on a Variational Method: Refinement of Vertical Velocity Estimates

In this paper,a scheme of dual-Doppler radar wind analysis based on a three-dimensional variational method is proposed and performed in two steps.First,the horizontal wind field is simultaneously recovered through minimizing a cost function defined as a radial observation term with the standard conjugate gradient method,avoiding a weighting parameter specification step.Compared with conventional dual-Doppler wind synthesis approaches,this variational method minimizes errors caused by interpolation from radar observation to analysis grid in the iterative solution process,which is one of the main sources of errors.Then,through the accelerated Liebmann method,the vertical velocity is further reestimated as an extra step by solving the Poisson equation with impermeable conditions imposed at the ground and near the tropopause.The Poisson equation defined by the second derivative of the vertical velocity is derived from the mass continuity equation.Compared with the method proposed by O’Brien,this method is less sensitive to the uncertainty of the boundary conditions and has better stability and reliability.Furthermore,the method proposed in this paper is applied to Doppler radar observation of a squall line process.It is shown that the retrieved vertical wind profile agrees well with the vertical profile obtained with the velocity–azimuth display(VAD)method,and the retrieved radial velocity as well as the analyzed positive and negative velocity centers and horizontal wind shear of the squall line are in accord with radar observations.There is a good correspondence between the divergence field of the derived wind field and the vertical velocity.And,the horizontal and vertical circulations within and around the squall line,as well as strong updrafts,the associated downdrafts,and associated rear inflow of the bow echo,are analyzed well.It is worth mentioning that the variational method in this paper can be applied to simultaneously synthesize the three-dimensional wind field from multiple-Doppler radar observations.     

海洋潮汐对对陆导弹登陆区的影响及优化方法

受海洋潮汐的影响,舰载对陆导弹攻击时,登陆区海岸地形瞬时高度会随海平面的涨落而产生相应变化,进而会影响导弹在预定参考航迹确定的情况下登陆飞行时的安全性。根据海洋潮汐计算模型,分析潮汐引起的海平面变化对登陆区海岸相对高度的影响,进而研究实际作战中海岸高度变化对导弹登陆飞行安全性的影响,提出了基于爬升点前移的航迹优化方法。仿真实验表明,给定参考航迹后对登陆区爬升航迹进行优化,能够在一定程度上提高舰载对陆导弹登陆飞行时的安全性,对登陆区的选取和航迹优化具有较好的现实意义。