Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Chinese South Tianshan Orogen: constraints from SHRIMP zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of basaltic and dioritic rocks from Xiate,NW China

Traditionally the Chinese South Tianshan has been regarded as a late Paleozoic orogenic belt. However, little is known about the early Paleozoic tectonic architecture of the region. This paper presents the first evidence of Cambrian–Ordovician MORB-type basalts and adakitic diorites on the southern margin of the Yili plate in China. Basalts from Xiate in southwestern Tianshan show a typical transitional (T-) MORB and ferrobasalt composition, which indicate a formation at a propagating spreading ridge. The basalts give a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U crystallization age of 516.3 ± 7.4 Ma by SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating and have experienced contact metamorphism due to the intrusion of a dioritic pluton. The dioritic pluton has a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U crystallization age of 470 ± 12 Ma and geochemical characteristics resembling that of adakitic rocks. The pluton is considered to have been formed by partial melting of garnet amphibolites from thickened lower crust in arc or continental collision settings. The basalts and diorites are considered to outline the eastern extension of the early Paleozoic suture zone, the Nikolaev Line, which stretches east–west for hundreds of kilometers between the Northern Tianshan and Central Tianshan terranes of Kyrgyzstan. Our findings substantiate that the Yili and Central Tianshan plates were separated by the early Paleozoic Terskey ocean. The Terskey ocean probably closed during the early stage of the late Ordovician (Lomize et al. in Geotectonics 31(6):463–482, 1997), resulting in the final amalgamation of the Yili and Central Tianshan plates. Consequently, an early Paleozoic suture zone is documented in the Chinese Tianshan region, which is most likely represented by the North Nalati fault.     

Transcriptional response of Microcystis aeruginosa to the recruitment promoting-benthic bacteria

Blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa occur frequently in many freshwater ecosystems around the world, but the mechanism of recovery has not been fully understood. I...     

Vertical profiles of fluid velocity and suspended sediment concentration in nearshore

Based on the power function of velocity and the friction velocity,a velocity profile is obtained.By solving the Schmidt’s diffusion equation,an equilibrium suspended sediment concentration profile is further deduced.The profiles of velocity and suspended sediment concentration agree well with the field data,and the profile of suspended sediment concentration avoids the unreasonableness of the classical Rouse profile such as a zero value at the water surface.According to these profiles,an expression which is easy to use for calculating the suspended sediment transport rate is derived.     

历史强震烈度点数量的统计特征及其对历史地震参数的影响

以1995 年出版的《中国历史强震目录(公元前23 世纪～ 公元1911 年)》为基础,首先统计了中国历史强震烈度点数量的总体分布情况,然后对历史强震烈度点数量在时间、空间和强度上的分布进行了分析,结果表明中国历史强震的烈度点资料普遍偏少。在时间和强度上,公元1500 年以前,受条件所限很多历史大震没有记载或者有些记载没能流传至今,而流传下来的历史地震也仅有少数烈度点;公元元年以前,史料记载过于简单且有缺漏,导致估定的最大震级记录不超过7 级;公元1500 年以后才开始出现8 级以上大震记录。在空间上,中国东部地区地震记载点明显较西部地区更为翔实。本文对单烈度记载点历史强震情况进行了重点分析,并将既有仪器记录又有宏观考察的现代地震按照历史地震参数获取方法进行处理,以讨论烈度点稀缺对确定历史地震参数的影响。     

测定堆石体密度的附加质量法的实验研究

由于附加质量法具有方便,无损等优点,近年来在堆石体密度的检测中已经有了较为广泛的应用,但是目前对于该方法的研究仍不够深入,而且常用的附加质量法测试过程仍然有一定缺陷,需要进一步改进.本文以在糯扎渡水电站进行的一系列实验为基础,对附加质量法检测堆石体密度中存在的一些问题进行了研究并提出了改进建议,主要包括:1)通过公式推导和实验发现,当附加质量的级数较小时,主频提取的误差会对刚度的测试结果造成较大的影响,建议将附加质量的级数由常见的5级增加到10级以上;2)通过对实验数据的分析发现目前的主频数据确定方法包含较强的主观因素,容易造成较大的误差,而采用t检验准则剔除异常数据并求取算术平均值的主频统计确定方案更为合理;3)利用实验研究了测试参数及质量块旁边放置重物对主频提取的影响情况,发现偏移距和震源高度及质量块旁边放置重物对主频的数值都有一定的影响,而且震源高度较高,偏移距较小时主频提取的稳定性较高.因此建议测试过程中应保证震源参数不变,偏移距取20cm,震源高度取60cm.并且在距离质量块1m以内的区域内应尽量避免放置重物,尤其是尽量避免放置重量接近或超过质量块的重物.本文的研究结果有助于提高附加质量法在测定堆石体密度时的准确性.     

中国东南屯溪-温州宽角地震资料去广角效应成像

由于长排列广角地震采集中必定存在超临界角的广角反射信息,广角反射信息相对临界角内反射信息存在随偏移距变化的时移现象.本文研究了去广角效应下的走时反演成像,并将其应用到东南屯溪—温州的宽角地震资料.通过拾取中国东南屯溪—温州剖面宽角实际地震资料中P波垂直分量拾取到的反射P波走时,继而使用遗传反演方法进行处理,得到了该区丰乐、新安江、松阳、青田以及洞头五炮去广角效应与未考虑广角效应情况下的一维速度深度曲线,并对比了去广角效应前后的地壳结构界面形态.结果表明,广角效应去除前后影响主要体现在壳内层速度差异,地壳浅层界面深度的广角效应明显强于深层界面.     

煤岩摩擦电荷感应规律分析

利用自主研制的电荷感应仪,建立煤岩体摩擦电荷感应试验系统.研究了煤、花岗岩、砂岩在摩擦条件下的电荷感应规律.试验结果表明:煤岩体摩擦均能快速产生电荷感应信号,且电荷信号幅值在一定的范围内,花岗岩摩擦产生电荷信号大于煤摩擦产生电荷信号,砂岩摩擦产生电荷信号最小.煤岩体摩擦产生的电荷感应信号小于单轴压缩条件下的电荷感应信号,说明煤岩体摩擦起电只是煤岩体电荷感应信号中具有重要作用的一部分,这对研究煤岩体电荷感应机理有一定的作用.     

Stochastic subspace identification for output‐only modal analysis: application to super high‐rise tower under abnormal loading condition

The objective of this paper is to develop an online system parameter estimation technique from the response measurements through using the recursive covariance‐driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI‐COV) approach. In developing the recursive SSI‐COV, to avoid time‐consumption of singular value decomposition in recursive SSI, the extended instrumental variable version of the projection approximation subspace tracking method is used in SSI‐COV. Besides, to reduce the effect of noise on the results of identification, the preprocessing of data using recursive singular spectrum analysis technique is also presented to remove the noise contaminant measurements to enhance the stability of data analysis. On the basis of the proposed method, both the ambient vibration and seismic response data of a tower (Canton Tower) are used to observe the time‐varying system natural frequencies of a tower from its operating condition. Results from using off‐line SSI‐COV method under normal operating condition are also presented. Comparison on the identified time‐varying dynamic characteristics of the tower under normal operating condition and earthquake response of distanced earthquake event is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Primary dolostone related to the Cretaceous lacustrine hydrothermal sedimentation in Qingxi sag, Jiuquan Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau

Based on comprehensive studies in petrography, petrofabric analysis and geochemistry, this paper describes a unique and rare laminated micritic ferruginous primary dolostone crystallized and precipitated from the alkaline hot brine under the conditions of the Mesozoic faulted lake basin. The main rock-forming mineral of this dolostone is ferruginous dolomite with a micritic structure. This dolomite mostly exhibits laminae of 0.1–1 mm thick and is often discovered with other minerals, such as albite, analcite, barite and dickite, which have at least two types of interbedded laminae. Petrogeochemistry reveals that this dolostone contains a large number of typomorphic elements of hydrothermal sedimentation, including Sb, Ba, Sr, Mn, and V. In addition, the LREE is in relatively high concentrations and possesses the typical REE distribution pattern with negative Eu anomaly. Oxygen isotope values (δ¹⁸O_PDB) range from 5.89‰ to 14.15‰ with an average of 9.69‰. The ratio of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr is between 0.711648 and 0.719546, with an average of 0.714718. These data indicate that the depositional environment is a stable, blocked, anoxic low-lying hot brine pool in the bottom of deep lake controlled by basement faults. The hydrothermal fluid is the alkaline hot brine formed by the combination of the infiltration lake water and mantle-derived magmatic water, consisting of many ions, including Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Fe²⁺. Under the driving flow power of magmatic heat, gravity and compaction, the hydrothermal fluid overcame the overburden pressure and hydrostatic pressure of the lake water body, and boiled to explosion, and then the explosion shattered the original laminated micritic ferruginous primary dolostone near the vent and then formed a new type of dolostone called shattered “hydroexplosion breccias”. In the low-lying, unperturbed hot brine pool, far from the vent, the laminated micritic ferruginous primary dolostone was quickly crystallized and chemicals precipitated from the hydrotherm. This study of special rocks contributes to research into the causes of the formation of lacustrine carbonate rocks and dolostone. In particular, it provides new examples and research insights for future studies of the lacustrine dolomite from the similar Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in China.     

地形特征约束的等高线群渐进式简化方法

为保留等高线群简化过程中的地形特征信息,研究了一种等高线群渐进式简化方法。首先,从等高线数据中提取地形特征点及地形特征线;将提取的地形特征点和特征线作为约束条件予以量化,并作为控制变量;再依据渐进式图形简化的思想,利用控制变量对等高线上的非特征点、特征点、特征线及其关联的弯曲进行渐进式取舍,从而实现等高线群的动态简化。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地保持地貌形态特征,同时提高了简化过程的智能化程度。