国际矿产品价格影响因素研究

矿产品具有的供需空间分离、基础性和战略性、不可再生性及金融属性等一系列基本属性和特点。本文结合商品价值价格理论和矿产品的特性,通过一系列鲜活的矿产品价格变化案例,研究了影响世界主要大宗矿产品价格涨跌的因素,归纳总结出了影响世界矿产品价格变化的4类因素:矿产品供给、矿产品需求、突发性事件和国际金融市场。     

Guocun landslide in a slate slope with dip structure on 27 March 2021 in Tonglu County,Zhejiang Province,China

On 27 March 2021, a landslide with a volume of approximately 2?×?10⁴ m³ occurred in Guocun Village next to Kengheng road in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, China. The landslide caused no casualties as a result of timely road closures, because of the unusual noises detected early by local residents. The motion mechanism of the landslide was studied using video analysis. Slope cutting resulting from road construction might have been the major triggering factor for the landslide. The intrusion of magma and the uplift process of Huangshan led to the metamorphism of mudstone to easily fractured slate, and the brittle layered slate might have controlled the change of motion from transitional sliding to dry debris flow.

     

冈底斯南缘打加错地区竟柱山组沉积特征及其时代

竟柱山组地层出露于西藏昂仁县打加错东地区,是一套以砂岩、砾岩为主的陆相碎屑岩建造,通过野外剖面测制、样品采集、分析测试及同位素年代学研究,分析了竟柱山组地层、沉积环境、沉积相、岩石地球化学特征等,认为该组地层为一套红色磨拉石建造,其形成于打加错断陷湖盆的河流—湖泊相沉积环境。竟柱山组上部安山岩透镜体中锆石U-Pb同位素年龄89. 97 ± 0. 7 Ma,其地层时代为晚白垩世。     

胶东金矿成矿深度的构造校正测算及成矿预测

成矿深度测算对于矿床学理论研究和深部找矿都有重要意义。经典的成矿深度“压力/比重”计算方法,缺乏考虑构造应力在成矿过程中的影响。前人按照“压力/比重”的计算方法,提出胶东蚀变岩金矿是6 000~8 000 m深的元古宙成矿,石英脉型金矿是深度在3 000 m左右的中生代成矿,并据此建立了金矿垂直五层楼的分带模式。依据该模式指导的深部预测勘查效果不好。“成矿深度构造校正测算”是近几十年逐渐成长起来的一个新方法,即先减去“构造附加压力”后再进行成矿深度测算。本文介绍“成矿深度构造校正测算”的计算方法,指出其应用条件和预测意义。开展成矿深度构造校正测算需要以下条件:(1)确定成矿模式;(2)开展野外构造变形岩相测量;(3)测量岩石矿物应变,恢复成矿构造应力场,计算构造附加静水压力;(4)测算成矿深度。根据“成矿深度构造校正测算”方法已经获得胶东多个典型金矿成矿深度的测算结果:(1)夏甸金矿成矿深度为-1 979.51~-3 014.72 m;(2)焦家金矿成矿深度为-1 632.4~-2 331.6 m;(3)大尹格庄金矿成矿深度为-2 775.4~-4 164.5 m;(4)新城金矿成矿深度为-1 781.29~-2 750.0 m;(5)玲珑金矿成矿深度为-720.55~-3 454.97 m。根据以上典型金矿成矿深度的测算结果,本文认为胶东金矿属于深-1 000~-4 500 m的浅成热液剪切带型矿床,由此推断胶东典型金矿矿体主要部分仍然赋存在深部。按照“构造校正测算”方法得到的成矿深度,结合地质、物探和化探信息,预测金矿发育“深部第二富集带”,已经得到胶东金矿勘查工作的证实。     

基于IDA的层间隔震结构失效模式研究

层间隔震结构是由基础隔震结构发展而来的一种新型隔震结构。为研究层间隔震结构的倒塌,需先研究不同层间隔震结构的不同失效模式和失效位置,文章建立了3个不同结构参数的层间隔震结构有限元模型,选取20条与抗震规范反应谱吻合的地震动,采用增量动力分析（IDA）方法,分别对其失效模式和失效位置进行研究。研究表明:基于不同的结构参数,层间隔震的基本失效模式有三种,即隔震层水平位移超限导致结构失效、下部结构层间位移角超限导致结构失效、隔震层拉压应力超限导致结构失效;隔震层下部结构和隔震层最外边缘支座为结构的薄弱位置,应引起更多关注。此方法不仅可以研究结构的不同失效模式,还可以确定失效位置,可为下一步层间隔震结构的抗倒塌分析提供理论基础。     

1980—2017年祁连山水源涵养量时空变化特征

祁连山是中国西北地区十分重要的生态安全屏障,也是当地极为关键的水源涵养区。基于InVEST模型中的产水量模块,对祁连山水源涵养量和时空变化进行了分析并探讨其影响因素。结果表明：祁连山多年平均产水总量和水源涵养总量约为93.03×10⁸ m³和57.83×10⁸ m³。从时间变化来看,水源涵养量呈上升趋势,上升速率约为0.196 mm·a^-1;在空间上呈“东多西少”的分布格局,与年降水量的空间分布大致相同。不同土地利用类型下的水源涵养总量依次为：草地（31.87×10⁸ m³）>林地（16.71×10⁸ m³）>耕地（4.92×10⁸ m³）>其他用地（2.29×10⁸ m³）>建设用地（0.63×10⁸ m³）。降水量与水源涵养量在所有研究时段内均存在显著正相关性。不同时期土地利用类型的变化也会对水源涵养量产生重要影响,研究区草地面积变化对水源涵养量影响较大。根据建立的经验公式并参考已有研究成果,估算得出研究区多年冻土地下冰储量在550 km³以上,在全球气候变暖的背景下,消融趋势明显。研究可为祁连山水资源合理配置和生态系统保护提供参考。     

空间分析技术在研究传染病时空传播规律中的应用

以手足口病为例,介绍了地理信息的空间统计技术在传染病时空传播规律研究中的应用,包括传染病空间分布模式研究、传染病聚集性分析、传染病扩散传播模式分析、传染病发病率空间自相关分析及传染病发病率空间回归模型预测方面的研究,为传染病防治决策提供科学依据,具有一定的实用性。     

Influence of the Kuroshio on hydrography and hydrometeorology in the East China Sea near-shore region

The aim of the study was 1)to determine the relation between the Kuroshio meander and the intensity of the subtropic high pressure over the Pacific Ocean, and then to obtain statistical validity for the observational conclusion that the occurrence time of the Kuroshio meander leads the time of strengthened C-circulation of Europe by one or more years; 2) to develop a method to predict the occurrence time of flood or drought periods in the Changjiang River Valley from the occurrence time of the Kuroshio meander, since there is a close relation between the occurrence time of the drought or flood periods in the Changjiang River Valley and the occurrence time of the strong or weak periods of C-circulation of Europe; and 3) to develop a logical explanation verifiable by remote sensing technique and other means that the warm species phytoplanktons collected recently in the Jiaozhou Bay of Shandong Peninsula in China were carried there by a new warm current branch of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea. This paper was presented at the Conference on Western Pacific Circulation Influence on the China Seas in Qingdao, 1987, and approved for publishing as a monograph.     

瓦片金字塔模型技术的研究与实践

海量栅格数据的简化与压缩是近年来三维GIS领域的研究热点。本文在研究瓦片金字塔技术的前提下,基于线性四叉树结构,采用重采样、分层分块的方法构建了海量栅格数据的瓦片金字塔模型,并以该模型为基础设计实现了一个Web3DGIS平台。实验证明,本文设计的平台能够满足海量地形及影像数据的实时三维可视化要求。     

Characteristics of Solar Radiation and the Impact of Clouds at Yangbajing, Tibet

Yangbajing (YBJ) is located in the Tibetan Plateau, China. The characteristics of solar radiation and its relationship with clouds at YBJ from April 2009 to April 2010 were analyzed in this paper. The annual mean solar radiation was 478.4 W m 2 , and the annual mean transmittance was 0.713. The atmospheric mean trans- mittance of clear skies reaches 0.828 when the solar elevation angle (SEA) is greater than 10 degrees. Comparisons with numerical simulations show that the atmosphere of YBJ is clean. Impacts from atmospheric conditions on solar radiation are similar for clear skies during the year because the standard deviation of transmittance in clear skies was less than 0.05 when the SEA was greater than 10 degrees. It is important to understand the impact of clouds on solar radiation without considering other impact factors. In the last part of this article, the authors analyzed and established a statistical quantitative relationship between surface solar radiation and cloud fraction.