Influence of underground space development mode on the groundwater flow field in Xiong’an new area

The degree and scale of underground space development are growing with the continuous advancement of urbanization in China. The lack of research on the change of the groundwater flow field before and after the development of underground space has led to various problems in the process of underground space development and operation. This paper took the key development zone of the Xiong’an New Area as the study area, and used the Groundwater modeling system software (GMS) to analyse the influence on the groundwater flow field under the point, line, and surface development modes. The main results showed that the underground space development would lead to the expansion and deepening of the cone of depression in the aquifer. The groundwater level on the upstream face of the underground structure would rise, while the water level on the downstream face would drop. The “line” concurrent development has the least impact on the groundwater flow field, and the maximum rise of water level on the upstream side of the underground structure is expected to be approximately 3.05 m. The “surface” development has the greatest impact on the groundwater flow field, and the maximum rise of water level is expected to be 7.17 m.     

High Asia cryospheric observation: a proposed network under Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW)

In coordination with Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) initiated by World Meteorology Administration (WMO), a regional observation network is proposed based on existing stations/sites over High Asia and cryospheric elements required by GCW. Thus, High Asian Cryosphere (HAC) network is preliminary designed, composing of seven "supersites", each containing several reference sites. The network covers major mountain ranges in High Asia, such as East Tianshan, Qilian, Tanggula, Nyainqentanglha, Himalayas as well as the central and eastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Although multiple cryospheric elements were observed at the existing HAC network, many others, which are required by Integrated Global Observation System-Cryosphere Theme (IGOS-Cryosphere), are not yet included. More comprehensive observations are necessary to be included into "supersites" of HAC, so that the basic requirements for validation of satellite data, assimilation and coupled regional models can be met.     

Acoustic experimental study of two types of rock from the Tibetan Plateau under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles

Under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles, two types of rocks (granite and andesite), used as slope protection for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, were tested according to the special climatic conditions in the Tibetan Plateau, and their various damage processes in appearance were carefully observed. Observation results show that damage of andesite was more serious than that of granite. Using an acoustic instrument, ultrasonic velocity was tested. The changing trends of velocity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed, and the freeze-thaw cycle damaging the physical and mechanical properties of rocks can be seen. According to the changing trends of ultrasonic velocity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, mechanical parameters of rocks, such as dynamic elasticity modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and dynamic bulk modulus were analyzed. It is found that they all have declining trends as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, and in particular, when the cycle number reaches a certain extent, the Poisson’s ratio of rocks begins to become negative.     

洞穴次生化学沉积物中Mg、Sr、Ca及其比值的环境指代意义

通过桂林地区盘龙洞1号石笋和丰鱼岩4号石笋的Ca、Mg、Sr 及其比值的研究,并通过与氧同位素记录的对比分析,初步认为洞穴次生化学沉积物中的Sr、Mg、Ca 及其比值的形成既取决于环境温度的变化,又取决于水文条件的变化。当大气环流系统未发生显著变化时,岩溶水文地质条件较相似,这时, Mg /Ca和Mg /Sr 比值的变化主要取决于环境温度的变化;而当大气环流系统发生显著变化时(如出现冰期和间冰期的显著变化) , Mg /Ca 和Mg / Sr 比值则主要取决于水文地质条件,即降水条件的变化。尽管在一定的条件下利用Mg、Sr、Ca指标可以获得很高分辨率的信息,但由于Mg、Sr、Ca 地球化学习性的复杂性,以及其影响因素的多元化,这种指标作为单独指标应用就会十分危险。      

新疆地下热水特征及其与地震活动的关系

新疆地下热水广泛分布于昆仑山、天山和阿尔泰山。温泉和地震活动与大地构造、板块运动有着密切的联系。动态观测资料分析表明,热水温度变化不仅受到地震的作用,而且显示出某些地震前兆信息。分析了地下热水的化学成分、气体组分、微量元素、放射性元素,认为某些热水具有低矿化、高碱性、高氟、高氦等独特性质,有可能是形成于地壳深部或上地幔的深成水     

纤维素接枝丙烯酰胺/高岭土高吸水性复合材料研究

在高岭土的存在下，以N，N－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂，以硝酸铈铵为引发剂微晶纤维素与丙烯酰胺进行接枝共聚反应，合成接枝纤维素／高岭土高吸水性复合材料。研究了纤维素与单体的配比、高岭土添加量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量及反应温度对吸水率的影响。用红外光谱表征复合材料的结构，用电子显微镜观察复合材料的表面与界面。结果表明，高岭土在接枝聚合物中能较好分散，复合材料吸水率达1166，对生理盐水溶液的吸水率达86。     

The Discovery and Study of Mantle-Derived Dunite Inclusions in Hornblende-Diorite in the Handan-Xingtai Area,Hebei

Phlogopiie-and diopside-bearing dunite occurs as rounded inclusions in hornblende-diorite. Thepetrofabrics, mineral composition and abundances of the trace elements in the dunite indicate that the inclu-sions were derived from the upper mantle and are the residues of high-degree partial melting of mantlepeirdotite. The study of trace elements in the inclusions and their host rocks shows that the magma was origi-nated from the mantle which was enriched in incompatible elements by mantle metasomatism prior to the par-tial melting.     

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of nutrients in Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the Pacific in 2017

This research investigated eight stations in Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone(CCFZ) in the eastern tropical Pacific in 2017 to study the spatial distribution characteristics of nutrients and chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration,and compared nutrient concentrations and molar ratios with those of other investigations 20 years ago in the same area. The study found that dissolved inorganic nutrient(N, P and Si) concentrations were lowest in the upper layer, and increased from surface to some depths, t...     

How does resilience matter? An empirical verification of the relationships between resilience and vulnerability

Natural Hazards - The theoretical relationships between resilience and vulnerability have long been debated, but limited research has been done to test their relationships from an empirical...     

青藏高原唐古拉多年冻土区冻融循环过程中的能量平衡特征

青藏高原多年冻土区冻融循环过程对地表能量及其分配的影响研究相对较少,青藏高原唐古拉站多年冻土的实测资料,依据10 cm土壤温度划分浅层土壤冻融循环的各个阶段并结合能量闭合率、地表能量各通量等数据探讨浅层土壤冻融循环过程与地气间水热交换过程之间的影响.结果表明:浅层土壤冻融循环过程各阶段均受气候变化的影响,其融化过程起始...