壳幔Rb—Sr混合等时线及其地质意义

本文利用二元混合模型讨论了壳幔物质的不同混合环境对Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄的影响。一般情况下,混合作用将使岩体的同位素年龄变大;若地壳物质在混合之前经受过Ｒｂ丢失和（或）Ｓｒ获得事件,则等时线斜率的变化较大,可能得到很大的年龄和异常低的初始同位素比值,甚至斜率为负值。对一组分离的底辟小岩体而言,同一底辟岩体作矿物内部等时线能够得到结晶年龄,但用不同岩体的全岩得到的等时线则可能给出围岩年龄（条件是各底辟     

松辽盆地深层孔隙流体压力预测

孔隙流体压力属于流体状态参量, 它是进行盆地动力学分析、油气成藏动力学分析以及油气预测的重要因素之一.孔隙流体压力的预测模式应尽量将各种地质作用对其的贡献考虑进去, 并且, 利用大量的实际地层测试参数与各种地球物理参数之间的相互关系来选择适当的数学模型.选用神经网络计算技术对松辽盆地深层孔隙流体压力进行了预测, 并对孔隙流体压力的可能成因进行了分析.      

厦门海区潮间带海洋动植物共附生微生物的抗菌活性

从厦门海区潮间带石纯、浒苔、江蓠、海兔、海葵及鲨鱼肠道分离得２８９株共附生微生物,以８种敏感菌为指示菌,从中获得拮抗活性的幼苗２８株,放线菌１７株,真菌８株。拮抗细菌以假单胞菌（３９％）、弧菌（２５％）和芽直菌（１４％）为主,主要为抗革兰氏阳性细菌,抗真菌的菌株比例较低。拮抗放线菌分属于链霉菌和小单孢菌,其抗革兰氏阳性菌、阴性菌和真菌的菌株比例分别为６５％、４７％和２３％。拮抗真菌分青霉属和芽枝霉     

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高技术产业聚集区形成的区位因子分析

高技术产业发生空间聚集是一种重要的新经济的地理现象,空间上细分,这种聚集进一步呈现形成产业专业化的产业带或者产业区具有专业化特征的产业集群。在首先讨论聚集与集群概念的基础上,指出了高技术产业聚集区的形成有赖于产业集群。基于这种认识,我们详细分析了国内外关于产业聚集区分布的区位因子,发现这些因子包括人力资本、知识环境、气候环境和商贸环境。并对这几个因子进行了量化,对此建立模型,验证了这些区位要素对高技术产业聚集的影响。研究结果表明：①聚集是产业、资本、人口向空间的集中。产业发生聚集的区位因子包括知识溢出环境、人力资本聚集、气候环境、商贸环境、交通环境与供应链环境。②在6个区位因子中,知识溢出环境、人力资本、气候条件是高技术产业聚集区形成的决定性区位因子,交通条件、供应链环境、商贸环境是高技术产业聚集发展的辅助性区位因子。在高技术产业集群中,交通条件、供应链环境、商贸环境成为控制性因素。     

2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震前地震活动性异常及其思考s

2001年11月14日在昆仑山口西发生了8.1级地震，震中位置为90.9E、36.2N．分析表明，8.1级地震前一些主要地震活动性异常都出现了，例如空区、条带、增强、平静和震群等，且与7级大震比较，这些前兆图象的演变具有类似的过程，所不同的是8.1级地震的前兆地震活动图象涉及的区域范围更大、地震震级更高，这为特大地震的前兆识别和预报提供了依据．最后回顾了对这次大震的粗略预测，并讨论了有关大震预测的某些问题．      

A numerical method of viscoelastic finite element coupled with spring-block model to simulate the interaction of faults and crustal blocks

A numerical method of viscoelastic finite element coupled with spring-block model is developed to study temporal processes from the slow tectonic motion of large-scale crust to the rapid failure of small-scale faults. Our modeling demonstrates that the motion of crustal blocks is driven by forces from tectonic plate boundaries, and the deformation is distributed on faults for the stress accumulating. The coupling model generates earthquake sequences that display a magnitude-frequency scaling consistent with Gutenberg-Richter law. The frictional heterogeneities affeci earthquakes occurrence and stresses distribution of crustal blocks. Rupture of earthquakes starts at the nucleation node, and propagates bilaterally along faults with the stress triggering, release and redistribution. The failure of faults releases part of crustal stresses, the stress state of crustal blocks near fault is affected by the rupture of local segments on the fault, and the stress state of crustal blocks far away from the fault is controlled by the seismic activity of the whole fault.     

n-Alkan-2-one distributions in a northeastern China peat core spanning the last 16 kyr

Most research on long chain methyl ketones has focused on their origins and distributions. Their application in paleoclimate studies is less common than that of other n-alkyl lipids. The goal of this research was to explore this potential by studying n-alkan-2-ones from the Hani peat sequence in northeastern China. They were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and showed a distribution ranging from C₁₉ to C₃₁ with a strong odd/even predominance. This type of distribution is considered to derive from Sphagum and microbial oxidation of n-alkanes. Comparison with climate sensitive indicators and macrofossil analysis shows that microbial oxidation of n-alkanes derived from higher plants was enhanced during the warm early Holocene period. This led us to develop three n-alkan-2-one proxies - C₂₇/ΣC_23-31 (C₂₇/HMW-KET), carbon preference index (CPI_H-KET) and average chain length (ACL_(27-31)-KET) - as possible indicators of paleoclimate in the peat-forming environment. These proxies, in combination with C₂₇n-alkane δD values and peat cellulose δ¹⁸O records, might allow examination of paleo-ecosystem behavior during climatic evolution in northeastern China over the past 16,000 yr.     

干密度对路基性能的影响研究

通过滤纸法试验,测得3种干密度下的土-水特征曲线,拟合得到3种干密度下的Van Genuchten模型参数,分析干密度对土-水特征曲线及Van Genuchten模型参数的影响。通过室内回弹模量试验,分析压实度和含水率对回弹模量的影响,并建立回弹模量与压实度和含水率之间的关系式。基于水力耦合机制,结合试验结果建立地下水位变化作用下的路基湿度及变形的动态响应模型,计算地下水位从-6 m上升到-3 m后,路基的含水率和回弹模量分布以及路基的变形。计算结果表明,干密度对土-水特征曲线Van Genuchten模型参数产生显著影响,饱和体积含水率随着干密度的增大线性减小,残余体积含水率随着干密度的增大线性增大,参数a与进气值的倒数线性相关,参数n随干密度的增大线性增大;回弹模量随着含水率的增大而减小,随着干密度的增大而增大;地下水位上升导致路基土的含水率显著增加,回弹模量明显下降,引起不可忽视的路基变形;不同填筑压实度下,地下水位变化引起的路基变形差异很明显,控制路基土的压实度是提高路基土性能的有效途径。     

大直径加重管绳索取心技术在页岩气勘探中的应用研究

根据页岩气、煤层气勘探对钻探技术的特殊要求,进行了大直径绳索取心技术的探索研究。文中重点介绍了加重管组合式绳索取心钻具的结构、作用原理及特点,以及施工试验效果。通过施工实践的启示,对大直径绳索取心技术的发展提出了几点认识。