我国海底地貌研究进展及其在东海近海的新发现、新认识

在分析海底地貌学国内外研究现状基础之上,综述我国海底地貌的最新研究进展和发展历程,探讨今后我国近海地貌的研究发展方向:我国现代海底地貌学研究虽然起步较晚,但总的趋势是随着测量技术的不断更新,由宏观向微观、从大的地貌类型向特定的地貌体、从形态特征到地貌过程的研究,并着重研究人类活动与地貌过程的响应关系。针对"908专项"在我国近海海域的调查成果,着重介绍其在我国东海近海海域地形地貌研究中的新发现、新认识:长江口外古潮流沙脊群可分为堆积型、侵蚀—堆积型和侵蚀型潮流沙脊群3种类型;在福建闽江口近岸的马祖列岛和白犬列岛之间发现多条呈SW—NE走向、条带状分布的潮流沙脊,面积约200 km2,水深在15～30 m;在东海陆架沙脊区与金门岛外发现2处新的海底礁石。这些全新的发现和认识对于我国近海海底地貌的研究将起到丰富和推动作用。     

ITCZ的季节突变

本文用低阶截断谱模式方法,分析了经向环流圈或ITCZ的季节性迁移突变。结果指出,在一定强度的对流凝结加热作用下,由于非线性相互作用,经向环流圈或ITCZ随着太阳辐射的季节变化,可以发生季节性迁移的突变。反之,当对流凝结加热较弱时,它们的季节迁移是连续变化的。     

南海北部冷泉碳酸盐岩和石化微生物细菌及地质意义

通过对2002年广州海洋地质调查局在南海北部海域拖网采集的碳酸盐岩样品进行岩石、矿物、微量元素和同位素特征的研究,证实在南海水合物远景区发育有冷泉碳酸盐岩。冷泉碳酸盐岩形态类似于烟囱,主要由方解石、伊利石、石英、黄铁矿和一种未知的矿物组成。保存了很可能是石化的甲烷氧化和硫酸盐还原细菌。碳酸盐岩矿物的δ^13CPDB为-51.24‰～-51．757‰。碳酸盐岩矿物的页岩标准化稀土元素配分模式具无Ce和Eu异常、微弱的轻稀土亏损和中稀土富集特征,表明形成于还原的缺氧环境,显示了冷泉碳酸盐岩的特征,指示在南海北部水合物远景分布区内冷泉活动的近海底可能发育有水合物。     

含水矿物的电子探针定量分析

本文对含水矿物电子探针定量分析方法进行探讨,提出了从除水外各组分测定的和值中推算含水量并将其水量参与各组分浓度的校正计算。此法简便易行,提高了含水矿物定量分析的准确度,特别是对富含水矿物尤其重要。此外,本文对不稳定含水矿物的测试方法也作了一些研究。     

东昆仑区域构造的发展演化

本文主要依据东昆仑地区的超镁铁岩,玄武岩和花岗岩类岩石的岩石化学、稀土元素、痕量元素及同位素测年等测试成果,结合孢粉及生物化石特征,并综合有关地质构造与地球物理资料,认为至少在中元古代昆仑洋壳即已形成,并在此基础上探讨了东昆仑区域构造的发展演化特征。     

Farmers＇ vulnerability to flood risk： A case study in the Poyang Lake Region

This paper quantitatively explores farmers＇ vulnerability to flood in the Poyang Lake Region （PLR） with the supports of GIS spatial functions. The analysis consists of three major steps, which is based on the spatial unit of township. Firstly, the spatial extent and characteristics of flood risk areas were determined using a digital elevation model （DEM） derived from the 1：50,000 topographic map. Secondly, for each of the township, six indices indicating the economic activities of local farmers were calculated. These indices are： rural population proportion, cultivated land proportion, GDP per unit area, employment proportion of primary industry, net rural income per capita and agricultural income proportion. These six indices were then normalized and used for later vulnerability assessment. Thirdly, the normalized indices （as GIS data layers） were overlaid with the flood risk areas to produce the risk coefficient for each township and to calculate the overall vulnerability for each township. The analysis results show that in the PLR there are high flood risk areas where the farmers＇ livings are seriously influenced or threatened. About 55.56% of the total 180 townships in the flood risk areas have a high degree of flood vulnerability. The townships under flood risk are mainly distributed in the areas around the Poyang Lake and the areas along the ＂five rivers＂.     

城市三维房屋住宅管理平台开发的关键技术

近年来,房屋住宅区建设日益增多,国内大多数房管部门都建立了二维房屋管理平台,但随着房管部门信息化程度越来越高,房屋管理不断向立体化和规模化发展,如何将城市三维数据应用于房屋住宅管理,已成为热点应用之一.依托倾斜摄影技术构建城市三维实景模型,并建立房屋住宅应用模块,实现房屋住宅管理由二维向三维的转变,提高了房屋住宅管理水...     

兰州市金城关断层的活动特征

金城关断层是兰州盆地北部边界的一条重要断层.野外地质调查和钻探资料证实,金城关断层断错在前寒武系变质岩和第三纪砂岩之间及早更新世砾岩之间,其活动时代为第四纪早期.沙井驿-白塔段和五一山段明确有断层存在,而青白石段和南坡坪段不存在断层,金城关断层的实际断层长度只有25km.     

Dynamic analysis of slab track on multi-layered transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to train loads

The dynamic responses of a slab track on transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to moving train loads are investigated by a semi-analytical approach. The track model is described as an upper Euler beam to simulate the rails and a lower Euler beam to model the slab. Rail pads between the rails and slab are represented by a continuous layer of springs and dashpots. A series of point loads are formulated to describe the moving train loads. The governing equations of track-ground systems are solved using the double Fourier transform, and the dynamic responses in the time domain are obtained by the inverse Fourier transform. The results show that a train load with high velocity will generate a larger response in transversely isotropic saturated soil than the lower velocity load, and special attention should be paid on the pore pressure in the vicinity of the ground surface. The anisotropic parameters of a surface soil layer will have greater influence on the displacement and excess pore water pressure than those of the subsoil layer. The traditional design method taking ground soil as homogeneous isotropic soil is unsafe for the case of RE 1 and RG 1, so a transversely isotropic foundation model is of great significance to the design for high train velocities.     

Full-scale tests of wind effects on a long span roof structure

Full-scale measurements are regarded as the most reliable method to evaluate wind effects on large buildings and structures. Some selected results are presented in this paper from the full-scale measurement of wind effects on a long-span steel roof structure during the passage of Typhoon Fanapi. Some fi eld data, including wind speed and direction, acceleration responses, etc., were continuously and simultaneously recorded during the passage of the typhoon. Comprehensive analysis of the measured data is conducted to evaluate the typhoon-generated wind characteristics and its effects on a long-span steel roof. The fi rst four natural frequencies and their vibration mode shapes of the Guangzhou International Sports Arena(GISA) roof are evaluated by the stochastic subspace identifi cation(SSI) method and comparisons with those from fi nite element(FE) analysis are made. Meanwhile, damping ratios of the roof are also identifi ed by the SSI method and compared with those identifi ed by the random decrement method; the amplitude-dependent damping behaviors are also discussed. The fullscale measurement results are further compared with the corresponding wind tunnel test results to evaluate its reliability. The results obtained from this study are valuable for academic and professional engineers involved in the design of large-span roof structures.