The dynamic mechanism of post-rift accelerated subsidence in Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

A 1-D unloaded tectonic subsidence (air-loaded tectonic subsidence) model is proposed and applied to the Qiongdongnan Basin. Results show that three episodes of subsidence exist in Cenozoic, that is, syn-rift rapid subsidence (Eocene–Oligocene) with subsidence rate at 20–100 m/m.y., post-rift slow thermal subsidence (early-middle Miocene) around 40 m/m.y., and post-rift accelerated subsidence (since late Miocene) 40–140 m/m.y., which is substantially deviated from the exponentially decayed thermal subsidence model. For exploring the mechanism of post-rift accelerated subsidence, the faulting analyses are conducted and results show that there is a dramatically decrease in the numbers of active faults and fault growth rate since 21 Ma, which indicates that no active brittle crust extension occurred during post-rift period. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that the stretching of the upper crust is far less than that affecting the whole crust. Therefore, we infer that the lower crust thinned during the post-rift period and a new model of basin development and evolution is put forward to explain the post-rift accelerated subsidence and depth-dependent crust thinning in the Qiongdongnan Basin, which is supported by gravity data.     

Seismic features and origin of sediment waves in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

Sediment waves have been documented around the world for several decades, and their origins are still debated because of their various characteristics in different settings. Based on numerous high-resolution seismic profiles and two boreholes, sediment waves are identified in deepwater areas of the eastern Qiongdongnan Basin, and their distribution and seismic features are illustrated. Combined with the bathymetry, the potential origins of these sediment waves are discussed. Drilling in the central canyon revealed that the channel infill comprises some along-slope fine-grained turbidites, which are good reservoir for gas plays. The sediment waves are distributed on the banks of the central canyon and their seismic features indicate that most of them are caused by turbidity current overflows along the canyon. Although previous researches on these sediment waves suggested that they were of westward-flowing contourite origin, detailed topographic map derived from the seafloor reflector on seismic data shows that there is a N–S trending ridge at the east part of sediment wave zones, which could block and divert the bottom current. According to the geometry of sediment waves, the flow thicknesses across the entire wave field are calculated as 280–560 m, and the current velocity falls in the range of 30–130 cm/s, which would favor a fine-grained composition and could be a good reservoir because of the better sorting of turbidites than contourites or other gravity flow deposits.     

1999—2010年中国西北地区植被覆盖对气候变化和人类活动的响应

中国西北地区气候干旱,频繁出现沙尘天气,属于生态脆弱区域,而植被变化是生态系统对气候变化响应的指示器,研究其变化对改善西北生态环境具有重要意义.本文利用1999—2010年归一化植被指数(NDVI)以及气象数据研究中国西北地区植被覆盖时空变化,以Sen趋势度结合Mann-Kendall检验、相关和偏相关分析以及残差法分析人类活动和气候变化对植被覆盖变化的影响.结果表明:西北地区植被覆盖整体呈增加趋势,但在局部地区气候干旱少雨和人类活动抑制植被生长.植被变化强度空间差异是人类活动和气候要素共同作用的结果:气温高,降水少,大部分地区植被覆盖与气候要素相关显著,并且植被变化对气温和降水的响应存在一定滞后时间;蒸发量大于降水量,人类引水灌溉弥补降水不足,使得农业植被呈增长趋势.新疆北部地区植被覆盖呈下降趋势,原因是气候干旱、沙漠化严重会抑制植被生长,人类活动频繁、城市扩建同样会破坏植被生长.     

基于工作流引擎的空间信息服务链半透明构建技术研究

从探讨空间信息服务及服务链的概念出发,定义空间信息原子服务,探讨空间信息原子服务质量,构建空间信息服务网络图关联模型。在此模型的基础上,重点设计并实现基于工作流引擎的半透明构建空间信息服务链,并用试验验证该方法的有效性。     

2015年中国地质调查项目资助论文统计分析

以2015年SCI-E和CSCD 数据库收录的中国地质调查项目资助发表的论文为统计源,采用文献计量学方法,从项目投入情况、论文被各数据库收录情况、机构分布、作者排名、学科分布、期刊分布和核心期刊论文比等方面进行了统计分析。结果表明,2015年中国地质调查项目资助论文被各数据库收录数量较2014年度大幅增加,大学院校产出占据优势,学科分布主要集中于基础前沿性研究、矿产资源调查与评价、矿产资源勘查技术、地质环境保护与地质灾害防治和国土资源管理与决策服务等5大领域,“国外期刊论文比”和“核心期刊论文比”均表现出较好的质量水平和较高的学术影响力。     

利用视觉注意模型和局部特征的遥感影像检索方法

利用尺度不变特征变换(scale invariant feature transform,SlFT)算子直接提取遥感影像局邵特征进行检索时存在关键点数目多、特征维数高等问题,因此,本文利用视觉注意模型,根据目标显著性的大小从影像上提取显著目标区域,并采用K-means聚类方法对提取的SIF丁局邵特征进行聚类,得到用于检索的特征向量实验结果表明,该方法不仅符合人眼的视觉特性,且在降低SI FT关键点数目和特征维数的同时提高了检索精度和检索效率.     

Effects of riverbed scour on seismic performance of high-rise pile cap foundation

To explore the seismic performance of a high-rise pile cap foundation with riverbed scour, a finite element model for foundations is introduced in the OpenSees finite element framework. In the model, a fiber element is used to simulate the pile shaft, a nonlinear p-y element is used to simulate the soil-pile interaction, and the p-factor method is used to reflect the group effects. A global and local scour model is proposed, in which two parameters, the scour depth of the same row of piles and the difference in the scour depth of the upstream pile and the downstream pile, are included to study the influence of scour on the foundation. Several elasto-plastic static pushover analyses are performed on this finite element model. The analysis results indicate that the seismic capacity (or supply) of the foundation is in the worst condition when the predicted deepest global scout depth is reached, and the capacity becomes larger when the local scour depth is below the predicted deepest global scout depth. Therefore, to evaluate the seismic capacity of a foundation, only the predicted deepest global scout depth should be considered. The method used in this paper can be also applied to foundations with other soil types.     

动力气候模式输出产品释用技术的研究和应用

对国家气候中心１９９６年１～１２月用Ｔ６３模式所作的５００ｈＰａ３４次月延伸预报进行了检验评估,并对模式的系统性误差进行了分析和订正。在假定订正后的Ｔ６３延伸预报完全准确的条件下,用ＥＣＭＷＦ旬平均高度场和西南区域月平均气温和月雨量资料,建立了用Ｔ６３预报产品预测西南区域月要素场的一种完全预报（ＰＰ）的动力统计关系。并对西南区域１９９６年２月至１９９７年１月逐月平均气温和降水进行了预报试验。     

沁水盆地阳泉区块太原组煤系页岩孔隙结构特征

页岩孔隙结构是影响页岩气赋存与储集的基本因素之一.为研究高演化海陆过渡相煤系页岩的孔隙结构和评价页岩气储集能力,主要运用扫描电子显微镜、高压压汞、低温N2和CO2气体吸附实验方法,对沁水盆地阳泉区块太原组海陆过渡相煤系页岩孔隙微观特征与孔隙结构进行了研究,并分析了太原组煤系页岩孔隙发育的影响因素.研究结果表明:沁水盆地...     

成都区域中心动力气候模式产品降尺度应用业务系统

利用动力气候模式(T63)产品进行降尺度解释应用,是目前以及未来开展气候预测的主要手段。本系统基于国家气候中心下发的气候模式产品、NCEP/NCAR 500 hPa高度场、西南区域84个代表站温度降水历年资料,采用动力统计相结合的技术方法,建立了“成都区域气象中心动力气候模式解释应用系统”,该系统以统计降尺度方法在西南区短期气候预测中的业务化应用为目的,实现了统计方法与动力模式相结合的业务化,经过5年业务回报试验和近2年的预测业务运行,结果表明:该系统对西南区域的月尺度温度和降水有较好的预报能力,已成为西南区域气候中心日常业务的主要参考依据。本文主要介绍该系统平台的各子系统性能及采用的技术方法。