南四湖湖泊湿地生态环境预警研究

基于南四湖近30 a来多源遥感影像、土地利用、环境监测和实地调查数据,选择1982年、1992年、2002年和2012年4个时间断面,从湿地组织结构、整体功能和社会经济3个方面选取指标,从无警、轻警、中警、重警和巨警5个级别划分警度,采用多级模糊综合评价法进行警度评价,并运用BP神经网络模型对未来10 a警度发展进行预测,研究结果表明：① 南四湖湿地生态环境现在处于重警状态,农业化肥、农药污染和工业污染物排放是主要的警报来源;② 近30 a来南四湖湿地整体生态环境处于不断恶化趋势,社会经济指标恶化趋势明显,未来10 a各项指标和整体预警度均呈下降趋势,整体水平达到中警状态,社会经济投入的增加是重要影响因子;③ 近10 a环境恶化速度比前20 a有所减缓,社会经济指标恶化速度较快,人类活动的负向干扰仍大于正向干扰。     

珠江口东岸池养鲻鱼的年龄与生长

研究池养条件下鲻鱼ＭｕｇｉｌｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓＬｉｎｎａｅｕｓ的年龄和生长特性，结果表明，鳞片新年轮主要在１０—１月出现；鳞长与体长关系式为：Ｒ—０．００９０７Ｌ（０．７７６４）；Ｉ—Ｖ龄鱼体长和体重相对生长率和生长指标随着年龄增长而逐渐下降；体长与体重关系式为：Ｗ＝１．２７１６×１０（－５）Ｌ（３．０６９５），体长与全长关系式为：ＬＴ＝１０．３７１１＋１．１８０６ＬＢ，当年鱼体长和体重生长与月龄的关系分别为：ＬＢ＝８．６６６９＋２５．５７６９ｔ，Ｗ＝０．１１７０ｔ（３．５５３０），ｖｏｎＢｅｒｔａｌｌａｎｆｆｙ生长参数Ｌ∞＝６１３．２５ｍｍ，Ｋ＝０．３４１２，ｔ０＝－０．８２５，体重生长拐点值为２．４６ａ。     

甘肃宝积山盆地上三叠统舌叶属化石形态模型建立初探

本文试用数码相机,图形处理和数据分析软件相结合的方法,对采集于甘肃省白银市宝积山盆地上三叠统南营儿组舌叶属化石叶片进行数字化,获得其叶形的主要基本参数数据,使用数据分析软件建立舌叶属叶片上、下边缘函数曲线模型,利用模型对舌叶属化石叶片特征进行讨论,进而对保存不完整的叶片原形进行恢复,结果表明重建的化石形态与原叶片宏观特征吻合程度很好,建立叶片数学模型方法恢复不完整保存舌叶整体形态具有可行性。     

阿尔卑斯-喀尔巴阡上白垩统大洋红层特征与对比

在前人研究的基础上,从时代、岩性、古生物、沉积速率、沉积环境等方面对阿尔卑斯—喀尔巴阡地区的上白垩统大洋红层进行了详细对比,发现研究区内上白垩统大洋红层最早出露于Cenomanian期,最晚可延续至古近纪,且在Campanian期出露最为广泛,其岩性以灰岩、泥灰岩和含泥灰岩为主,生物化石以浮游有孔虫为主,沉积速率较低且在各地不尽相似,在CCD面上、下均可以出现,沉积环境一般是大陆边缘盆地、斜坡和大洋盆地等远洋、半远洋环境。通过比较分析,为进一步深入研究上白垩统大洋红层提供较为全面的基础资料。     

湖北省经济对外开放度研究

改革开放以来,中国的对外开放水平不断提高,但各地区之间差异显著。文章采用1990～2002年的统计资料,对湖北省经济的对外开放度进行测定和分析。结果表明,自1990年以来,湖北省经济的对外开放度虽有了明显提高,但仍与东部沿海地区存在明显差异,且省域内部的差异也十分明显。据此,提出了进一步提高湖北省对外开放水平,推动其区域经济可持续发展的战略构想。     

三维交叉裂隙渗流传质特性数值模拟

对交叉裂隙渗流传质特性的定量描述是研究整个裂隙网络渗透传质特性的基础。为真实模拟水流及溶质在三维交叉裂隙中的运移过程,首先通过三维轮廓仪获取天然岩石裂隙表面的形貌数据,再应用三维重构技术生成相应的三维交叉裂隙模型,随后求解Navier-Stokes方程,假定溶质运移满足Fick定律,模拟水流和溶质在三维交叉裂隙中的运移过程。通过对比粗糙裂隙模型与平行平板模型的模拟结果发现：粗糙度对流体的分布及流动状态存在显著的影响;不同进、出口工况下的流体流动及溶质运移状态亦表明：裂隙交叉的几何形貌会显著地影响溶质混合行为。这些结果表明,目前被广泛采用的平行平板模型在评估岩体内特别是交叉口的物质运移特性时将导致较大的偏差,在将来的研究中有必要针对裂隙交叉口的几何特征建立修正的模型以提高评估的准确性。     

Kiel Ⅳ-IRMS双路在线分析微量碳酸盐的碳氧同位素

石笋能重建百年、十年的气候事件,为达到空间高分辨率,对微量碳酸盐的检测提出了更高要求,传统磷酸酸解法的样品用量大(约10 mg)已经无法满足微量样品的分析,而激光探针质谱分析方法需对检测结果进行校正。本文采用KielⅣ-IRMS双路在线分析技术对微量碳酸盐样品的碳、氧同位素进行检测研究其可行性,并以GBW 04405和NBS 19为例研究了不同样品量的碳酸盐标准样品在不同反应时间对同位素分馏的影响。结果表明,由于标准样品所需的反应时间不同,从而导致同位素分馏值的差异。对样品量为4~85μg的标准样品GBW 04405进行检测,δ13C、δ18O测量值分别为0.574‰±0.027‰、-8.519‰±0.065‰,与推荐值0.57‰±0.03‰、-8.49‰±0.14‰基本一致,表明该方法能够满足微量碳酸盐测试的要求。将KielⅣ-IRMS双路在线分析技术与GasbenchⅡ-IRMS检测方法进行对比,对于标准样品GBW 04405,KielⅣ-IRMS所用样品量约为50μg,δ13C、δ18O测量值分别为0.576‰±0.012‰、-8.501‰±0.050‰,GasbenchⅡ-IRMS所用样品量约为140μg,δ13C、δ18O测量值分别为0.569‰±0.034‰、-8.590‰±0.099‰。表明KielⅣ-IRMS方法相比于GasbenchⅡ-IRMS方法所需样品量少,精度高,结果重现性好,该方法在碳酸盐样品的应用上能达到空间高分辨率。     

Modelling hydrological processes influenced by soil,rock and vegetation in a small karst basin of southwest China

Hydrological processes in karst basins are controlled by permeable multimedia, consisting of soil pores, epikarst fractures, and underground conduits. Distributed modelling of hydrological dynamics in such heterogeneous hydrogeological conditions is a challenging task. Basing on the multilayer structure of the distributed hydrology‐soil‐vegetation model (DHSVM), a distributed hydrological model for a karst basin was developed by integrating mathematical routings of porous Darcy flow, fissure flow and underground channel flow. Specifically, infiltration and saturated flow movement within epikarst fractures are expressed by the ‘cubic law’ equation which is associated with fractural width, direction, and spacing. A small karst basin located in Guizhou province of southwest China was selected for this hydrological simulation. The model parameters were determined on the basis of field measurement and calibrated against the observed soil moisture contents, vegetation interception, surface runoff, and underground flow discharges from the basin outlet. The results show that due to high permeability of the epikarst zone, a significant amount of surface runoff is only generated after heavy rainfall events during the wet season. Rock exposure and the epikarst zone significantly increase flood discharge and decrease evapotranspiration (ET) loss; the peak flood discharge is directly proportional to the size of the aperture. Distribution of soil moisture content (SMC) primarily depends on topographic variations just after a heavy rainfall, while SMC and actual ET are dominated by land cover after a period of consecutive non‐rainfall days. The new model was able to capture the sharp increase and decrease of the underground streamflow hydrograph, and as such can be used to investigate hydrological effects in such rock features and land covers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SHRIMP Age and Geochemistry of the Bikou Volcanic Terrane: Implications for Neoproterozoic Tectonics on the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Craton

The Bikou volcanic terrane is predominated by subalkaline tholeiitic lavas. Rock samples display lower initial ratios of Sr and Nd, 0.701248-0.704413 and 0.511080-0.512341 respectively. 207Pb and 208Pb are significantly enriched in the lavas. Most samples have positive εNd, which indicates that the magma was derived from EM-type mantle source, while a few samples with negative εNd indicate that there was contamination in the magma evolution. Magma differentiation is demonstrated by variations of LREE and LILE from depletion to enrichment. Additionally, normalized REE patterns and trace elements showed that lavas from the Bikou volcanic terrane have similar characteristics to those of basalts in arc settings caused by subduction and collision. Analyses showed that the Bikou volcanic terrane is a volcanic arc. New evidence proved that the Hengdan Group, north of the Bikou arc, is a turbidite terrane filling a forearc basin. Consequently, the Bikou volcanic terrane and the Hengdan turbidite terrane const     

喀什城市圈城镇化与生态环境交互胁迫效应研究综述

城市群的研究成果对中国城市群总体格局形成起到了引领作用,为中国新型城镇化发展做出了重要贡献。通过关注位于丝绸之路经济带结合点的喀什城市圈,基于CiteSpace文献计量方法以中文核心期刊和EI、Web of Science核心合集数据,通过分析核心关键词、研究热点、研究机构和团队总结了国内外在喀什城市圈城镇化发展与生态环境交互胁迫效应方面的研究成果。认为目前对喀什城市圈研究非常薄弱,主要体现在研究重点集中在城镇化与生态环境关系探讨,从城市人口集聚、城市经济增长、城市空间扩张三个层面初步揭示了城市圈城镇化对水资源和土地资源单要素的胁迫作用;并从水资源、土地资源、大气环境等单要素角度深入研究城市圈生态环境对城镇化的限制作用。未来需加强喀什城市圈的研究和建设,以国家战略需求为导向,继续深化城市圈形成发育中资源环境交互胁迫效应方面的研究。