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861.
曲流河古河道储层构型精细解剖——以孤东油田七区西馆陶组为例 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9
以胜利油区孤东油田七区西为例,在沉积微相研究的基础上,主要应用研究区岩心、测井,动态等资料,对曲流河古河道砂体进行了系统的储层层次构型精细解剖。在点坝定量分布模式的指导下,根据点坝砂体垂向上典型的正韵律、砂体厚度大以及紧邻废弃河道分布等特征,在研究区Ng522单层复合河道砂体内部识别出2个单一点坝。综合露头和现代沉积的研究成果、经验公式预测以及对子井分析,建立了研究区点坝内部构型定量模式,以单井上识别的泥质侧积层作为依据,点坝内部定量模式及动态监测结果作为指导,进行模式拟合,达到系统解剖点坝内部构型的目的。建立了点坝内部泥质侧积层控制的剩余油分布模式,提出了采用在点坝砂体中上部钻水平井的方式开采侧积层控制的剩余油。点坝构型解剖成果在研究区得到了较好的应用效果,而且对类似油田储层精细研究及剩余分布预测都有较好的借鉴作用。 相似文献
862.
致密储层孔隙结构研究对于致密油气的勘探和开发具有重要意义,也是当前致密储层研究的热点。本文以准噶尔盆地三叠系百口泉组致密砾岩和鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组致密砂岩为研究对象,重点开展二维大面积背散射扫描电镜成像技术(Maps)、高压压汞、微米CT和聚焦离子束扫描电镜技术(FIB- SEM)等分析测试,采用定性和定量相结合的方法对致密砾岩和致密砂岩孔隙结构特征进行表征和对比,并进一步揭示了两者的成因机制差异。研究结果表明:百口泉组致密砾岩较延长组致密砂岩储层物性好,前者孔隙度和渗透率平均为9. 29%和1. 65×10-3 μm2,后者孔隙度和渗透率平均为8. 85%和0. 39×10-3 μm2;百口泉组致密砾岩较延长组致密砂岩孔喉尺寸偏大、孔隙连通性较差及孔隙结构更为复杂,前者孔喉半径主要分布在0~200 nm和2~10 μm范围内,平均连通率60. 63%,平均孔喉配位数3. 0446,后者孔喉半径主要分布于0~4 μm范围内,平均连通率73. 60%,平均孔喉配位数2. 7832;差异化沉积作用和成岩作用是导致百口泉组致密砾岩和延长组致密砂岩孔隙结构特征差异的根本原因。 相似文献
863.
?????й?????????????缰?????沿??GNSS???????и????????????GPS???????????????忦?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 相似文献
864.
As a hot topic in Landscape Ecology study, ecological connectivity is an important indicator for regional land sustainable use and biological protection. This paper conducted a systematic assessment of ecological connectivity using remote sensing images of Dongshan Island in 1994, 2003 and 2011. Based on least-cost modelling, the method takes into consideration the type of barrier, the distance impact, and the adjacent land use types to obtain the Barrier Effect Index (BEI) and Ecological Connectivity Index (ECI). The application of this method to Dongshan Island showed the ecological connectivity index (ECI) was low in 1994, improved in 2003, and decreased significantly in 2011. The results of the dynamic analysis of landscape structure showed farmland and roads were the main landscape classes that caused the low observed ECI in 1994 and 2003; these tended to divide the landscape and cause fragmentation. Construction land and roads were the main landscape classes resulting in low ECI in 2011, while forest and grassland had a high ECI. Trajectory analysis showed ECI tended to decrease in the low mountain forest zone of the northwestern and southeastern parts of Dongshan Island as well as in the coastal protection forest area. The areas where ECI became high were located in the northeastern part of Dongshan Island where cities and towns are concentrated with high human populations. Therefore, rapid urbanization has been the most important factor driving changes in landscape structure and patterns during the last 17 years on Dongshan Island. The approach not only assists us in revealing the driving mechanism of landscape dynamics from another aspect, but also can assess the impacts of regional and urban plans on landscape structure and function. 相似文献
865.
866.
基于《普通高中地理课程标准(2017年版)》的要求,人民教育出版社对高中地理教材进行了优化改版。本文运用ISM分析法(解释结构模型),以人教版新旧地理教材中“地球上的水”为例,构建邻接矩阵并最终生成要素层级有向图,从知识要素的选择、起点与结点要素的安排、要素间的形成关系三个方面对比分析新旧教材的异同。结果表明:新旧教材的逻辑结构大致相同,新教材是在旧教材的基础上进行合理地删、增、补、拓与重组。这一结论为地理教师更好地使用新教材提供了理论依据。 相似文献
867.
主要介绍以三峡为中心的长江防洪系统联合调度运行的数学模型--洪水模拟模型和水库优化调度模型.前者包括水文学洪水演进模型,一维非恒定流模型,一维和二维组合洪水模拟模型,荆江分洪区与洪湖分洪区联合运用模型,用于反映洪水在河湖中的运动及防洪措施蓄泄效果;后者由总体控制模型与模糊决策,大系统解耦以及网络分析等模型组成,用于确定使库群起到最佳防洪效果的优化调度策略. 相似文献
868.
W. F. Tan L. A. Wang C. Huang J. E. Green 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(3):465-472
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash blended with pine sawdust and shale, using a neotype trefoil rotary kiln to form lightweight aggregates, is an effective and a potential means method of fly ash disposal. The optimum sintering conditions of Trefoil rotary kiln were determined in terms of an orthogonal test by measuring the pellets’ bulk density, granule strength, 1 h water absorption. As far as the kinetics is concerned, an integral method of Coats–Redfern was introduced to analyze the kinetics characteristics of the mixture samples. Also, the kinetic triplets (apparent activation energy, pre-exponential factor and reaction order) were estimated by the reaction of kinetics model functions. It is shown that the optimum sintering conditions are as follows: (a) preheating temperature of 500 °C, (b) sintering temperature of 1130 °C, (c) holding time of 4 min. The optimum reaction models of the four stages are Avrami–Erofeev, Mample, Avrami–Erofeev and There-dimensional diffusion (Jander), respectively. 相似文献
869.
The removal of Mn(II) from coal mine drainage (CMD) by chemical addition/active treatment can significantly increase treatment costs. Passive treatment for Mn removal involves promotion of biological oxidative precipitation of manganese oxides (MnOx). Manganese(II) removal was studied in three passive treatment systems in western Pennsylvania that differed based on their influent Mn(II) concentrations (20–150 mg/L), system construction (±inoculation with patented Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria), and bed materials (limestone vs. sandstone). Manganese(II) removal occurred at pH values as low as 5.0 and temperatures as low as 2 °C, but was enhanced at circumneutral pH and warmer temperatures. Trace metals such as Zn, Ni and Co were removed effectively, in most cases preferentially, into the MnOx precipitates. Based on synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and Mn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, the predominant Mn oxides at all sites were poorly crystalline hexagonal birnessite, triclinic birnessite and todorokite. The surface morphology of the MnOx precipitates from all sites was coarse and “sponge-like” composed of nm-sized lathes and thin sheets. Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), MnOx precipitates were found in close proximity to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The greatest removal efficiency of Mn(II) occurred at the one site with a higher pH in the bed and a higher influent total organic C (TOC) concentration (provided by an upstream wetland). Biological oxidation of Mn(II) driven by heterotrophic activity was most likely the predominant Mn removal mechanism in these systems. Influent water chemistry and Mn(II) oxidation kinetics affected the relative distribution of MnOx mineral assemblages in CMD treatment systems. 相似文献
870.
B.K Tan 《Tectonophysics》1976,31(3-4)
Detailed analysis of the oolite deformation in Windgällen revealed that the finite-strain states vary significantly and systematically over the major recumbent structures. The strain is lowest at the fold cores and highest along the limbs, which have suffered extensions of up to 150%. These high strains are interpreted as the result of strong overfolding during the development of the nappe-like structure. The maximum
ratio of the strain ellipsoids computed from the oolite shapes is 14.6:1, though individual oolites having axial ratios as high as 30 : 1 have been encountered. The intermediate axes of the strain ellipsoids throughout the area have been extended between 3 and 64% and the strain ellipsoids are of the flattening type with K being less than unity. The pre-deformation fabric of the oolites is very weak and their initial axial ratios in any two-dimensional section is generally less than 2:1. Slaty cleavage is coincident with the plane of maximum compression in the rock. The relationship of cleavage, folds and oolite deformation suggest that cleavage develops progressively during deformation and forms at the same time as the folds associated with it. 相似文献