中强地震空间分布“X”图像及其含义

基于西太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块下俯冲产生的推挤,造成黑龙江亚板块地下的地幔物质上涌,使其上覆岩石圈受到垂直方向上涌力的作用。通过分析"X"节理的形成、与断层的关系、火山群"X"型断裂构造的特点,对黑龙江亚板块1999年以来中强地震空间分布进行研究,呈网格化特征分布。根据构造类比法和历史地震比拟法,网格化交汇处缺震区未来几年或更长时间存在发生中强地震的背景,即内蒙古扎兰屯,通辽和黑龙江五大连池,绥化历史老震区;尤其是2008年6月10日内蒙古扎兰屯附近(阿荣旗境内)发生M 5.2地震后该地区可能再次成为未来地震的危险区。本文研究结果对区域地震危险区的判定有借鉴意义。     

地震前氡衰变引起大气温度与湿度异常问题讨论

强地震前地震区域会出现卫星热红外增温异常现象,S A Pulinets提出了一种新的解释,认为是震前地表大量析出的222Rn衰变产生的高能α粒子使得空气电离,这些离子很容易吸附水蒸气分子,导致大气中潜热的释放,使得空气温度、湿度发生显著变化.本文分析了高能α粒子对空气辐射电离后的主要物理、化学作用,估算了放热和吸附水蒸气分子数量的极大值,结果表明空气温度、湿度的变化是微不足道的.由此认为,地震前出现的温度升高、湿度下降的现象可能与氡浓度变化无关.     

背景场项目中iDirect卫星通信系统设计

介绍背景场项目中i Direct卫星通信系统,主要从背景场项目对卫星通信的需求、系统设计、数据接入、系统应用等方面进行阐述,具体介绍卫星信系统为行业网备份的数据接入方案以及数据应用案例,可独立为国家测震台提供数据传输信道,保障测震速报业务的正常开展。     

Earthquake-related Electric Field Changes Observed in the Ionosphere and Ground

The changes of the ionospheric electric field before and after four huge earthquakes, which include the Ms 8.7 earthquake of 2004 and the Ms 8.5 earthquake of 2005 in Sumatra of Indonesia, the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 in China, the Ms 8.8 earthquake of 2010 in Chile, and their strong aftershocks are studied in this paper. The significant results revealed that the power spectral density of low-frequency electric field below 20 Hz in the ionosphere, a kind of electromagnetic radiation phenomena, increased abnormally before and after the earthquakes and partially corresponded to the increased power spectral density of the low-frequency geoelectric field in time. This research preliminarily indicates that the low-frequency electromagnetic radiation during the imminent stages before such earthquakes could be detected by the observation of the ionospheric electric field. However, the spatial, temporal, and intensive complexities of the electric field anomalies in the ionosphere before earthquakes have come in sight also.     

Removal of Cr(VI) by Zero‐valent,Iron‐encapsulated Alginate Beads

Zero‐valent, iron‐encapsulated alginate beads were synthesized and were applied for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The effects of several important parameters including solution pH, contact time, initial concentration and reaction temperature on Cr(VI) removal levels were investigated in batch studies. An initial solution pH of 1.0 was seen to be most favorable for Cr(VI) removal. The removal process was quick and almost 80% of the removal was attained within 60 min. The kinetic data followed the second‐order equation well. The Cr(VI) removal was almost reaction temperature‐independent and decreased with an increase in Cr(VI) initial concentration. The removal of Cr(VI) by iron‐encapsulated alginate beads was found to be significantly higher than that of non‐encapsulated alginate beads.     

Nickel effects on growth and antioxidative enzymes activities in desert plant Zygophyllum xanthoxylon （Bunge） Maxim

One-month old Zygophyllum xanthoxylon seedlings were grown under five different Ni concentrations (0, 50, 150, 450 and 900 mg/kg). Growth parameters, tissues Ni accumulation, soluble protein content, photosynthetic pigment content, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzyme activities, and proline content were studied after one month of Ni exposure. The significant reduction in fresh biomass in the shoot and roots was detected at high Ni concentrations (≥450 mg/kg), whereas dry biomass was not significantly affected in both organs by any of the Ni doses tested. The Ni contents in the shoots and roots increased in a dose-dependent manner, and Ni contents in roots were higher than that in shoots at all treatments. The high Ni doses elevated soluble protein contents in leaves and roots. No visible symptoms of chlorosis were observed in leaves of plants grown in presence of Ni. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents significantly increased in leaves and roots at high Ni treatments (≥450 mg/kg), indicating that Ni induces oxidative stress. Enzyme activities might play a central role in cellular protection against the Ni induced oxidative stress. Proline contents proportionally increased with the elevated Ni concentrations. Zygophyllum xanthoxylon revealed moderate Ni tolerance under tested culture conditions, and could be used as tools for revegetation for erosion control in moderate Ni contaminated sites.     

Physiological responses and adjustment mechanisms of the dominate species of natural vegetation of Eastern Tengger Desert

Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerina have significant differences in ecophysiological characteristics, which change with the environmental variations. Although they live together for a long period of time, their adaptive mechanisms to environmental stresses are very different. As two extreme xerophytes, Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerina differ significantly from other psammophytes in ecophysiological characteristics; they can survive in lower water potential, and can even grow in piedmont areas. Low water potential may be related to the existence of osmosis-regulating substance, such as praline, which can strengthen the capacity of water absorption. Compared to other psammophytes, Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerina have a higher degree of photo-inhibition under the same condition, and the photo-inhibition can lead to destruction of the photosynthetic pigment, nevertheless, this photo-inhibition can be repaired under suitable conditions in the morning and evening.     

扬子地块北缘晚二叠世长兴期岩相古地理

扬子地块北缘与秦岭接壤,晚二叠世长兴期岩石地层单元为长兴组和大隆组。长兴组为一套碳酸盐岩沉积,沉积单元包括台地相、台地边缘礁滩相以及台地边缘斜坡相等;而大隆组则主要为一套灰黑至黑色薄层硅质岩、炭质页岩夹薄层泥晶灰岩,为一套较深水盆地沉积的产物。研究结果表明,这一深水盆地环境大致从西边的广元开始,向东经旺苍、南江与鄂西地区相连成为一广阔海域,扬子地块与华北地块隔海相望。这一沉积格局不仅为油气勘探工作的部署奠定了坚实的基础,而且可能反映出扬子地块与华北地块在此之前已经成为统一陆块。     

深圳城市地面塌陷灾害特征及其成因分析

为了查明深圳市地面塌陷成因并提出防治措施,收集整理了深圳市2016-2020年地面塌陷灾害事故数据,通过现场调查、数据统计分析以及GIS空间分析,研究了深圳市地面塌陷灾害的时空分布、灾害危害程度以及塌陷成因等.结果表明:深圳市地面塌陷灾害正处于持续增长阶段,绝大多数属于小规模塌陷,且绝大多数发生在雨季,其中5-8月尤为...     

空气潜孔锤钻进是提高钻进效率的有效途径

空气潜孔锤冲击钻进与常规回转钻进技术相比,是以动载钻头冲击破碎岩石方式取代静载切削岩石的方式;岩石的体积破碎代替了研磨剪切破碎;是目前提高钻进效率的最佳钻进技术之一。在同井同钻机钻进时,其钻效可较常规钻进提高11-18倍;在邻井相同地层、相同技术要求时,其钻效可提高13倍左右;在同一勘探区、相同技术要求时,其钻效可提高9倍左右。通过反复对比论证,认为空气潜孔锤钻进能有效提高钻进效率,较好的体现出其潜在的经济与环保价值。