季节内印度洋-西太平洋对流涛动对次季节-季节尺度大气可预报性的影响

利用非线性局部Lyapunov指数和条件非线性局部Lyapunov指数定量估计了季节内印度洋-西太平洋对流涛动（IPCO）和实时多变量Madden-Julian指数（RMM指数）可预报期限,量化了季节内IPCO对S2S尺度大气可预报性的贡献,深入研究了季节内IPCO演变下S2S尺度可预报期限空间分布的变化规律。结果表明：（1）与RMM指数相比,季节内IPCO指数可预报性更强,可预报期限达到31天左右,比RMM指数高出2周以上;（2）印度洋-西太平洋区域S2S尺度大气可预报性最强,可预报期限达到30天以上,其中季节内IPCO是该地区的主要可预报性来源之一,其贡献达到6天,占总可预报期限的25%以上;（3）随着季节内IPCO的演变,印度洋-西太平洋地区S2S尺度大气可预报性有空间结构变化,表现为可预报期限异常的传播和振荡。S2S尺度大气可预报期限正负异常沿季节内IPCO传播路径,一支以赤道中西印度洋为起点北传至印度半岛,一支向东传播,经过海洋性大陆到赤道西太平洋后向北传播,到达日本南部。同时,可预报性异常的传播在在东印度洋和西太平洋表现出反向变化的特征,形成东西两极振荡,当季节内IPCO向正位相发展时,东印度洋具有更强的可预报性,西太平洋具有更弱的可预报性,反之亦然。季节内IPCO的发展（衰退）可使东印度洋（西太平洋）S2S尺度大气可预报性更强,表明模式预报技巧对此具有更大的提升空间。     

钙稀土氟碳酸盐中四种B10S8新规则混层矿物的透射电镜研究

根据HRTEM研究，在四川西昌地区的钙稀土氟碳酸盐矿物衍生多晶体中发现了四种不同的B10S8型[即氟碳怖矿（B）／直氟碳钙铈矿（S）为10：8]新规则混层矿物（B10S8－I，B10S8－Ⅱ，B10S8-Ⅱ和B10S8－Ⅳ）。用SAED和HREM方法确定了四种新规则混层矿物的晶体结构对称性、晶胞参数、结构堆垛模式及晶体化学式等。四种B10S8新规则混层矿物结构中，Ce－F离子层的堆垛层序以及两个Ce－F离子层之间的碳酸根离子层的排列方式均不同。同时还观察到该类矿物中的畸结构及堆垛层错等。     

攀西裂谷火成岩组合的矿物学、岩石学特征及其与裂谷演化的关系

攀枝花—西昌地区的火成岩组合是裂谷岩浆作用的主要产物。它们可以分为裂谷期前组合、裂谷早期组合、中期组合和晚期组合。通过火成岩组合的矿物学、岩石学研究,可以推断攀西裂谷演化的历史。     

机械力化学改性硅灰石机理研究

天然硅灰石矿物具有特殊的针状结构,白色,无毒,是橡胶、塑料的理想填料。添加硅灰石填料,可降低橡胶制品的生产成本,提高橡胶的力学性能,赋以橡胶自身所没有的特殊功能。其作用大小取决于硅灰石／橡胶界面的结合状态。硅灰石系亲水性矿物,与橡胶相容性差。界面能否形成良好的粘结,硅灰石矿物表面性能是关键。经超细粉碎、表面改性可以提高硅灰石表面活性,增强与橡胶的粘结强度。但是,当硅灰石经超细粉碎,粒度为微米级或纳米级,粉体容重为０－１５ｇｃｍ３,以表面化学改性方法加入偶联剂,经高温高速搅拌,不但破坏硅灰石的长…     

Perception and attitudes of local communities towards wild elephant-related problems and conservation in Xishuangbanna,southwestern China

The problem of wild elephants, or human-elephant conflict (HEC), influences the daily life of local communities and hinders the conservation of wild elephants.The perception and attitudes of local communities who inhabited the frontiers between human activities and wild elephant movement are important to the mitigation of the HEC and conservation of wild elephants. To analyze the perception and attitudes of local communities, the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was used in the investigation of 423 interviewees from 22 villages in Xishuangbanna from July 2009 to February 2010. The results indicated that local communities had their views on the elephant-related problems. In field survey, we found that 66.5% of interviewees were willing to support, participate in, and assist in the conservation of wild elephants;33.5% of interviewees were opposed or indifferent to such conservation, because their livelihoods and even their lives were endangered by wild elephants. These views and attitudes were influenced by local communities′perception of HEC, education level, gender and self-interest. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the diverse views among local communities and balance profits and costs in addressing HEC.     

Spatial and decadal variations in satellite-based terrestrial evapotranspiration and drought over Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China during 1982–2009

Evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in exchange of water budget and carbon cycles over the Inner Mongolia autonomous region of China (IMARC). However, the spatial and decadal variations in terrestrial ET and drought over the IMARC in the past was calculated by only using sparse meteorological point-based data which remain quite uncertain. In this study, by combining satellite and meteorology datasets, a satellite-based semi-empirical Penman ET (SEMI-PM) algorithm is used to estimate regional ET and evaporative wet index (EWI) calculated by the ratio of ET and potential ET (PET) over the IMARC. Validation result shows that the square of the correlation coefficients \((R^{2})\) for the four sites varies from 0.45 to 0.84 and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is  \(0.78\) mm. We found that the ET has decreased on an average of 4.8 mm per decade (\(p=0.10\)) over the entire IMARC during 1982–2009 and the EWI has decreased on an average of 1.1% per decade (\(p=0.08\)) during the study period. Importantly, the patterns of monthly EWI anomalies have a good spatial and temporal correlation with the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) anomalies from 1982 to 2009, indicating EWI can be used to monitor regional surface drought with high spatial resolution. In high-latitude ecosystems of northeast region of the IMARC, both air temperature \((T_{a})\) and incident solar radiation \((R_{s})\) are the most important parameters in determining ET. However, in semiarid and arid areas of the central and southwest regions of the IMARC, both relative humidity (RH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are the most important factors controlling annual variation of ET.     

用硫化物矿物处理电镀厂废水技术研究

大多数环境工程材料是通过表面作用（ 吸附或共沉淀） 来清除水中的有毒有害物质的,这就要求材料本身具有高表面活性。在搞清硫化物固／ 液界面行为机理的基础上,本文采用高表面活性的硫化物作为吸附剂,以重金属污染大户———电镀厂的酸性废水作为处理对象,研制了一种低成本、高效益、以废治废、简便易行的重金属污染物处理技术———硫化物矿物→鼓气搅动→ＣａＯ 调ｐＨ 值。废水经处理后,完全可以达到国家规定的排放标准。该技术的研制,对保护和净化环境具有重要的现实意义,同时具有广阔的应用前景。     

四川昌北稀土矿床中的硅钛铈矿

1986年笔者在四川昌北稀土矿床中发现一种结晶完好的硅钛铈矿。矿物物理性质与我国白云鄂博产出者相似。矿物组分中富铌。晶体化学式为(Ce,La,Nd…Ca)_4Fe~(2+)(FeTiNb)_2Ti_2O_8[Si_2O_7]_2。经四圆单晶衍射和电子衍射测得晶胞参数相同,α=13.385(2),b=5.742(1),c=10.059(2),β=100.60(0.01)°,空间群C 2/m。对矿物晶体定向带轴进行了高分辨晶格象观测。     

氟碳钙铈矿的42R、48R的16H新多型

采用CM12透射电镜,对我国四川昌北M稀土矿床中的氟碳钙铈矿微结构特征作了电子衍射分析和晶格象观察,揭示出氟碳钙铈矿晶体中混合多型体的堆垛序列,在不同部分观测到不同的多型体,其中以氟碳钙铈矿6R多型为常见普通多型体。本次工作发现了42R、48R和16H三种新多型,并进一步证明,氟碳钙铈矿晶体中存在的多型结构相当复杂,但以长周期堆垛形成的多型体出现的几率要比短周期堆垛的多型体少得多。     

非金属矿物的改型改性及其在环境保护中的应用

沸石、粘土矿物及石棉都是重要的非金属矿物。通过物理的和化学的改型改性，可以明显地提高沸石及粘土矿物的离子交换性、吸附性及催化性等，可用作环境中无机和有机毒物的离子交换剂、吸附剂或燃烧催化剂。对石棉的表面改性则可以抑制或改变石棉的有害生理活性，减少石棉生产以人体及环境的危害。