卵形鲳鲹早期卵子发生显微及超微结构的研究

本文研究了卵形鲳鲹早期卵子发生的显微与超微结构特点。研究结果表明在1～2龄鱼卵巢中卵原细胞进入首次成熟分裂前期的结构特点，3～4龄鱼才开始进入小生长期，文中讨论了此鱼性腺成熟的年龄以及如何加速性腺发育，为人工繁殖提供科学依据。     

南日岛周围海域浮游植物的分布

南日岛1990～1991年4个季度月共鉴定浮游植物200种（包括变种、变型），隶属5门64属，硅藻种类最多，其次是甲藻；暖水性种65种，广温性种120种，温带种15种；年平均数量为263．15×104个／m3，5月最多为869．61×104个／m3，8、10月及1月依次减少。主要优势种有细齿角利藻、奇异菱形藻、中肋骨条藻、佛氏海毛藻等。文章初步分析了浮游植物与环境因子的关系。     

Dynamics and control of a towed underwater vehicle system, part I: model development

Autonomous vehicles are being developed to replace the conventional, manned surface vehicles that tow mine hunting towed platforms. While a wide body of work exists that describes numerical models of towed systems, they usually include relatively simple models of the towed bodies and neglect the dynamics of the towing vehicle. For systems in which the mass of the towing vehicle is comparable to that of the towed vehicle, it becomes important to consider the dynamics of both vehicles. In this work, we describe the development of a numerical model that accurately captures the dynamics of these new mine hunting systems. We use a lumped mass approximation for the towcable and couple this model to non-linear numerical models of an autonomous surface vehicle and an actively controlled towfish. Within the dynamics models of the two vehicles, we include non-linear controllers to allow accurate maneuvering of the towed system.     

高精度CTD剖面仪电导率传感器的研究和实验

高精度CTD剖面仪是海洋863项目的重要组成部分，是海洋调查和水文观测必不可少的仪器，本文详细论述了CTD剖面仪中电导率传感器的研制方法和过程，并给出传感器现已达到的水平，提出还需要进一步进行的工作和深入研究的问题。     

P矢量方法在南海夏季环流诊断计算中的应用

基于1998年6～7月南海调查航次的CTD资料,对南海环流采用最近发展的P矢量方法进行诊断计算.计算结果:黑潮向西入侵南海,然后做反气旋弯曲向东北方向流动,最终有通过巴士海峡流出南海的趋势.在南海北部存在一个气旋性环流,这个环流的强度和范围随深度增加而减小.该环流的冷中心位置随深度增加稍向南移.南海中部、越南以东海域存在一个明显的气旋涡和反气旋涡,尤其在200m及其以上水层均相当稳定,反气旋涡位于越南以东,其中心位置在11°53'N,111°50'E,气旋涡的中心位置在13°17'N,112°55'E,两者的尺度皆约为250km.吕宋岛西侧存在一个反气旋涡.在计算海区南部、巴拉望岛西南海域,100m以上层存在一个反气旋式涡.从各层流场分布均可以显示海流在西部强化的现象.     

How are large western hemisphere warm pools formed?

During the boreal summer the Western Hemisphere warm pool (WHWP) stretches from the eastern North Pacific to the tropical North Atlantic and is a key feature of the climate of the Americas and Africa. In the summers following nine El Niño events during 1950–2000, there have been five instances of extraordinarily large warm pools averaging about twice the climatological annual size. These large warm pools have induced a strengthened divergent circulation aloft and have been associated with rainfall anomalies throughout the western hemisphere tropics and subtropics and with more frequent hurricanes. However, following four other El Niño events large warm pools did not develop, such that the mere existence of El Niño during the boreal winter does not provide the basis for predicting an anomalously large warm pool the following summer.In this paper, we find consistency with the hypothesis that large warm pools result from an anomalous divergent circulation forced by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Pacific, the so-called atmospheric bridge. We also find significant explanations for why large warm pools do not always develop. If the El Niño event ends early in the eastern Pacific, the Pacific warm anomaly lacks the persistence needed to force the atmospheric bridge and the Atlantic portion of the warm pool remains normal. If SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific do not last much beyond February of the following year, then the eastern North Pacific portion of the warm pool remains normal. The overall strength of the Pacific El Niño does not appear to be a critical factor. We also find that when conditions favor a developing atmospheric bridge and the winter atmosphere over the North Atlantic conforms to a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern (as in 1957–58 and 1968–69), the forcing is reinforced and the warm pool is stronger. On the other hand, if a positive NAO pattern develops the warm pool may remain normal even if other circumstances favor the atmospheric bridge, as in 1991–92. Finally, we could find little evidence that interactions internal to the tropical Atlantic are likely to mitigate for or against the formation of the largest warm pools, although they may affect smaller warm pool fluctuations or the warm pool persistence.     

气体吸收对“HY-1A”CCD数据处理的影响分析模拟与瑞利散射的吸收修正

卫星传感器接收到的辐射能量不仅受到大气中分子和气溶胶散射的影响,还受到气体分子吸收的影响.对于可见光和近红外波段的水色遥感,吸收气体主要是臭氧、水汽和氧气,因此若传感器的光谱范围包含了这些气体的吸收波段,则应该在数据处理——计算瑞利、气溶胶反射率和透过率时予以考虑.波段光谱宽度为20 nm(两个近红外波段为40nm)的SeaWiFS在数据处理时主要考虑了臭氧和水汽的影响,并在计算气溶胶反射率时对受氧气吸收影响的波段进行了单独修正[1].由于“HY-1A”CCD的四个波段的光谱宽度均超过100 nm,覆盖了三种主要吸收气体的部分吸收线,因此它受到的气体影响会更大.     

Analysis of seabed instability using element free Galerkin method

Wave-induced seabed instability, either momentary liquefaction or shear failure, is an important topic in ocean and coastal engineering. Many factors, such as seabed properties and wave parameters, affect the seabed instability. A non-dimensional parameter is proposed in this paper to evaluate the occurrence of momentary liquefaction. This parameter includes the properties of the soil and the wave. The determination of the wave-induced liquefaction depth is also suggested based on this non-dimensional parameter. As an example, a two-dimensional seabed with finite thickness is numerically treated with the EFGM meshless method developed early for wave-induced seabed responses. Parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of wavelength, compressibility of pore fluid, permeability and stiffness of porous media, and variable stiffness with depth on the seabed response with three criteria for liquefaction. It is found that this non-dimensional parameter is a good index for identifying the momentary liquefaction qualitatively, and the criterion of liquefaction with seepage force can be used to predict the deepest liquefaction depth.