有机污染对中国对虾体内外环境影响的研究

于１９９４－１９９５年分二批人工配合饵料作为有机污染源，进行有机污染对中国对虾体内外环境影响的研究，结果表明：１．经１０ｄ，试验池水中的ＤＯ含量明显降低，而ＣＯＤＮＨ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ等迅速增加，分别是对照的２．５，２．１，１１．３倍，Ｈ２Ｓ含量轻２８ｄ后为对照组２．１倍，同时，试验组各菌群的密度也分别比对照组增加２－３个数量级，２．试验且虾的超氧化物歧化酶，酚氧化酶及溶菌酶的活性比对照组显著下降     

圆紫菜人工色素突变体的诱导与分离

为获得圆紫菜人工色素突变体,本文使用一定剂量的紫外线辐照其叶状体,培养数天后,在叶状体上出现了少量颜色变异细胞,它们呈斑点状无规则地分布在野生型细胞中间。再培养2~3周,这些色素变异细胞分裂形成了不同颜色的细胞块,其颜色呈浅绿黄、橄榄色、草绿、绿褐、黄褐、浅褐、深紫红和浅紫红色等。在辐照强度0~80 μW/cm2范围内,叶状体上色素变异细胞块出现的频率随辐照强度的增加而增加,但增加至80 μW/cm2以上时,随着辐照强度的增加,色素变异细胞块出现的频率反而下降,这表明80 μW/cm2为有效的辐照强度。将色素变异细胞块切下,置入充气瓶内充气培养,待其释放出单孢子,随后从单孢子萌发体中挑选出了黄褐、橄榄色、红色、褐红等纯色的突变体,并利用叶状体单性生殖分别获得它们的遗传纯合丝状体（品系）。各突变品系的F₁叶状体与各自母体的颜色一样,说明其颜色是可稳定遗传的。与野生型品系相比,各色素突变品系的F₁叶状体的生长速度、活体吸收光谱、3种主要光合色素和色素蛋白的含量及它们相互间的比值均发生了明显改变。     

基于条纹频率检测的干涉图去线性趋势精化方法

在InSAR干涉图数据处理过程中,通常会由于轨道参数不准确而导致去平地效应后,干涉图中仍残留部分线性相位。为避免线性趋势对数据处理结果精度的影响,提出了一种基于干涉图条纹频率检测的去除线性趋势精化方法：首先,通过Chirp Z变换精化干涉图条纹频率估计,计算出精确到0.1的线性相位条纹数;然后,模拟线性相位并从干涉图中去除。利用通过模拟和真实数据对提出的方法进行验证分析,实验结果表明：该方法能够更加彻底地去除干涉图中残留的线性趋势,对提高InSAR技术的监测精度具有一定意义。     

Effect of seasonal freeze–thaw process on spatial and temporal distribution of soil water and its infiltration to recharge groundwater

Clarifying the distribution and dynamics of soil moisture during the freeze–thaw process is crucial for surface ecology and is an objective requirement to investigate the mechanism of changes during the groundwater recharge process in a freeze–thaw zone. Based on the monitoring data of soil moisture and temperature in the Changbai Mountain area, the freeze–thaw process is classified into four periods. This study investigates the hydrothermal migration processes during different periods. The simultaneous heat and water model is used to simulate and analyse the infiltration of soil moisture into groundwater under five precipitation insurance rates. The results are as follows: (1) The smaller the soil depth, the stronger is the correlation between soil temperature and air temperature during the freeze–thaw process. (2) The redistribution of soil moisture before and after freeze–thaw is significantly affected by the soil texture, and soil permeability affects the recharge of soil moisture from the upper region to the lower region during the thawing period. (3) Groundwater receives vertical infiltration recharge mainly during non-freezing and is supplied by freezing and snowmelt recharge during the stable thawing period. The percentage of soil water infiltration during the stable thawing period in the total annual infiltration increases gradually with the precipitation insurance rate.     

Distribution,trends and drivers of precipitation use efficiency in the loess plateau

Against the background of climate change, the global carbon and water cycle has undergone significant changes, and it is of great significance to explore the interrelationships of the carbon and water cycles in different regions to cope with future climate change. In this study, based on gross primary productivity (GPP) and precipitation (PRE) data, the precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of the Loess Plateau (LP) was calculated, and the Sen trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test were used to analyse the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PUE, as well as the first-order difference method was used to derive the relative contributions to quantify the impact of vegetation growth and meteorological factors on PUE. The results show that (1) from 2001 to 2018, the spatial distribution pattern of vegetation PUE exhibited an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. On the time scale, the multi-year average value of PUE was 1.17 gC m⁻² mm⁻¹, showing an overall upward trend. Among the different land cover types, paddy fields had the highest PUE level, and sparse grassland had the lowest; (2) LAI had the highest relative contribution to vegetation PUE, followed by temperature (Temp), net radiation of the ground surface (RN), specific humidity (Shum), and wind speed (WS). LAI contributes positively to 88.9% of the area. RN positively influences high-altitude areas, while Shum had a larger area with a negative contribution. The contribution of Temp increases from northwest to southeast, and WS has balanced positive and negative contributions; (3) LAI is the dominant factor for the spatial and temporal variation of PUE in the LP, and the size of the areas where different meteorological factors dominate the changes of PUE are as follows: WS > Shum>RN > Temp. At high altitudes, the dominant meteorological driver is WS, while at low altitudes, the dominant climate driver is Shum. This study is of guiding significance for the ecological restoration and management of the LP, and it can also provide a scientific basis for the improvement of ecosystems and the sustainable management of water resources in the context of global climate change.     

球状星团M79的自行测定和轨道运动

利用上海天文台相隔29年的两期天体测量底片，测量了球状星团M79的绝对自行，采用Harris给出的这个星团离开太阳的距离和视向速度数据，计算了星团当前的空间运动速度；根据银河系引力势模型，进一步计算了该星团在银河系中的轨道参数，还对利用自行数据所作的球状星团运动学研究的不确定性作了讨论。     

上海GPS综合应用网对2002年长江三角洲地区入梅过程的监测

简要介绍了上海GPS综合应用网(SCGAN)情况，分析了该网从2002年6月投入正常运行后，获取的2002年入梅前后长江三角洲地区高分辨率可降水量(PWV)资料，描述了PWV所反映的长江三角洲地区的入梅过程和特点，以及把GPS／PWV同化到中尺度数值预报模式初始场中的试验。     

我国洞体应变固体潮调和分析结果

本文扼要介绍了我国洞体应变观测现状,公布了18个台站的调和分析结果,同时公布了国外同类仪器优质台站的计算结果,以作比较。     

胶东地区区域岩石物性参数的地质应用

不同区域岩石类型标本测定的物性参数,除作基础资料供区域地质及区域地球物理研究使用外,还可以结合地质资料解决某些地质问题。文中利用胶东东部188件样品和胶东西部80件样品的5种物性参数:K(磁化率), Jr(剩磁),σ(密度),ρ(电阻率),η(极化率),采用判别分析方法,解决胶东东部和西部岩体划分对比问题,并依据物性参数进行聚类分析,划分不同母体。     

肥城市采煤塌陷地治理利用情况

1基本做法 肥城市地处山东中部，是山东省重要的煤炭基地，自1958年建矿以来，先后有13座煤矿建成投产。地下煤炭资源的开采，造成大面积土地塌陷，严重破坏了矿区的地形地貌。塌陷涉及肥城市4个镇71个行政村，总面积5000hm^2。由于地面塌陷，交通、水利、农业基础设施遭到严重破坏，大面积的粮田成为沼泽水域，杂草丛生，荆棘遍地，生态环境恶化，人民的正常生产和生活受到重大影响。