Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai

A comparative study on the vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai was conducted based on the data obtained from a micro pulse lidar.There was a distinct difference in layer thickness and extinction coefficient under the two types of weather conditions.Aerosols were concentrated below 1 km and the aerosol extinction coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 1.50km^-1 on haze days.In contrast,aerosols with smaller extinction coefficients(0.20 0.35 km^-1) accumulated mainly from the surface to 2 km on floating dust days.The seasonal variations of extinction and aerosol optical depth（AOD） for both haze and floating dust cases were similar greatest in winter,smaller in spring,and smallest in autumn.More than 85%of the aerosols appeared in the atmosphere below 1 km during severe haze and floating dust weather.The diurnal variation of the extinction coefficient of haze exhibited a bimodal shape with two peaks in the morning or at noon,and at nightfall,respectively.The aerosol extinction coefficient gradually increased throughout the day during floating dust weather.Case studies showed that haze aerosols were generated from the surface and then lifted up,but floating dust aerosols were transported vertically from higher altitude to the surface.The AOD during floating dust weather was higher than that during haze.The boundary layer was more stable during haze than during floating dust weather.     

基于自动匹配的高分辨率遥感影像校正方法

介绍了采用人工选点与计算机自动匹配选点相结合获取一定数量的地面控制点的方法,该方法满足了Thin plate spline校正模型校正的要求．解决了一些高分辨率遥感数据无法用传感器物理模型进行校正的问题。试验证明：在山区采用该方法比常规多项式校正更快捷而且校正效果更好,并具有很好的可操作性和实用性。     

煤古植物学:历史、现状与展望

据对５０年来的文献分析，简要评述了煤古植物学这一分支学科的产生背景，研究现状和未来发展趋势；并指出，煤古植物学尽管有广泛的应用前景，但由于受研究方法和研究手段的限制，它仍处于发展的初级阶段。     

吉尔吉斯斯坦采矿业现状与合作需求分析

吉尔吉斯斯坦坐落于中亚东北部,在中亚地区具有战略通道的作用,也是"一带一路"倡议的一个重要节点,矿业是吉国支柱产业,具有良好的国际合作前景。本文采用时序数据,分析吉国金属和非金属矿产资源的开发利用情况,并总结吉国矿产资源开发利用的特征及存在问题;分析显示吉国矿业存在矿产开发程度较低且过渡依赖金矿开发、矿业开发产业链不完整、本国黄金储备需求增加、环境污染等问题;未来重点发展方向包括:优化矿业发展政策与环境、加大矿产资源开发、广泛应用现代采矿技术。结果表明吉国在矿产开发利用、建设矿业和工业产业链、完善矿产资源开发利用相关基础设施等方面有较为强烈的国际合作需求,中国相关单位、企业可以以此为切入点,加强与吉国的矿产开发利用合作。     

Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of the Dajia Salento-type bauxite deposits,western Guangxi,China

The Dajia Salento-type bauxite deposit in western Guangxi is hosted within the Quaternary ferrallitic soil profile, and it formed via breaking up, weathering and oxidizing of Permian bauxite orebodies occurring as a semi-continuous layer in the upper Permian. Mineralogical analyses reveal that diaspore, hematite and kaolinite are the major minerals in bauxite ores with small amounts of anatase, chamosite, gibbsite, goethite, illite, zircon, quartz and pyrite. The ore texture and mineral assemblage reveal that the depositional/diagenetic environment of the Dajia bauxite was much close to phreatic environment. Both the ore texture and the morphology of zircon grains also indicate that most of the bauxitic soils were transported a short distance. Diaspore is suggested to be non-metamorphic in origin and mainly formed in a reducing condition of diagenetic environment, while kaolinite is the product of the in situ epigenetic replacement of alumina in diaspore by dissolved silica. Geochemical analyses indicate that Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂ and TiO₂ are the main components of the bauxite ores and trace elements such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th and U were enriched during the bauxitization process. Simultaneously, Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta show a high correlation. Geochemical indices such as Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta and Eu/Eu* (among others) denote that the magmatic rocks related to the Emeishan plume in western Guangxi and the carbonates in the underlying Maokou Formation provided the main sources of material for the bauxite ores.     

Measurement of aerosol effective density by single particle mass spectrometry

Single particle mass spectrometry has been widely used to determine the size and chemical compositions of atmospheric aerosols; however, it is still rarely used for the microphysical properties measurement. In this study, two methods were developed for determining aerosol effective density by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). Method I retrieved effective density through comparison between measured light scattering intensities and Mie theoretical modelled partial scattering cross section. Method II coupled a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) with SPAMS to simultaneously determine the electric mobility and vacuum aerodynamic diameter, and thus the effective density. Polystyrene latex spheres, ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate were tested by these methods to help validate their effectiveness for determining the aerosol effective density. This study effectively extends SPAMS measurements to include particle size, chemical composition, light scattering, and effective density, and thus helps us better understand the environment and climate effects of aerosols.     

台湾东地震带地震活动特征及与大陆地震的关系

本文研究了台湾东地震带地震活动的特征及其与中国大陆地震的关系，发现二者具有时间上的同步性和某些动力学特征的联系，既为判定大陆地震趋势提供了参考依据，也为可能统一研究中国大陆和台湾省的地震趋势提供了有价值的线索。     

台风预报系统

本文介绍的是一项在微机上实现的台风预报专家系统。该系统可进行台风气候查询、台风路径检索、台风特例查询，并能利用相似加权法制作出１２－７２小时台风路径和中心强度预报，对异常路径台风也可提供一定的诊断预报判据。本系统已在军内外一些气象业务单位得到应用，实践证明它是一种简便有效的台风预报工具。     

内蒙古哈达庙含金侵入杂岩体稀土元素地球化学研究

本文利用哈达庙含金侵入杂岩体各主要岩石类型REE分析数据,结合野外地质产状和地球化学特征,论证了杂岩体REE贫化、富集规律与成岩岩浆结晶演化的关系.在此基础上,提出了成岩过程早期以矿物结晶分异作用为主,而晚期阶段受热重扩散效应制约的成岩模式,二种分异作用的交替进行为金矿床的形成提供了物质基础.同非金斑岩体热液蚀变岩相比,含金斑岩体的热液蚀变岩以LREE丰度明显增高为特征,其独特的分布型式和组成特点可作为该区斑岩体含金性评价的地球化学标志之一.     

地表风蚀物理过程风洞实验的初步研究

本文介绍了研究地表风蚀物理过程中风洞实验的方法、内容及结果。实验表明:净风对土表的风蚀作用微弱,即使在遭到大风吹刮时,土表的结壳仍不易受到破坏。但在挟沙气流作用下,却能使土表结壳遭到破坏,风蚀发展异常迅速。自然形成的土表结壳、经风选被粗化的土表和长有草丛的地表均有抑制风蚀的保护作用。本实验在方法上虽属初步尝试,但能说明沙漠化物理过程的一般机制,并为防治按漠化的措施提供依据。