九甸峡工程区断层测年结果研究与讨论

断层的年代测定是研究断层活动性的重要内容之一。然而, 一个工程同一条断层会出现不同的测年结果, 从而引起争议和难予决断。近年来我们通过几个大型工程区域稳定性研究, 对此获得了一些认识。本文以洮河九甸峡地区几条主干断层为研究对象, 采用同位素年龄测定与野外地质调查和显微构造分析相结合的方法, 对断层测年问题作一分析和讨论, 也许对岩土工程断层活动性研究有一定参考价值。     

Study on the Global Carbon Assimilation System Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data

The Paris agreement signed in April, 2016 aims to balance global anthropogenic carbon emissions and terrestrial carbon sinks by the middle of the 21^st century. To fulfill this goal, it is necessary to calculate carbon fluxes of different regions reliably. The global carbon assimilation system is an effective technique for achieving this goal. The Ministry of Science and Technology of China supports the project entitled as study on the global carbon assimilation system based on multisource remote sensing data through the national key research and development programs for global change and adaptation during the thirteen-five period. This project will develop synergic inversion techniques for retrieving key parameters of biological and atmospheric cycles and for assimilating multisource remote sensing and ground based data. Then, the high resolution global carbon assimilation system coupled with an ecological model will be constructed. This system is able to assimilate jointly multisource observation data and to optimize key model parameters, photosynthesis and respiration carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems, and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions. This system will be used to study quantitatively the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions and to identify the mechanisms driving the global terrestrial carbon sinks and sources. The outputs of this study will be helpful for the fulfillment of the key research and development programs for global change and adaptation and provide valuable data and technical support for the decision-making in China.     

辽西地区中生代义县旋回火山活动特征分析

辽西地区广泛发育中生代火山岩,其中以义县旋回火山岩最为发育。本文在对辽西地区义县旋回火山岩微量元素地球化学特征研究的基础上,认为义县旋回火山岩具有同源性质,由壳幔混溶物质作用于统一的火山活动过程中产生。     

论新疆兴地基性超基性杂岩分带性

笔者将兴地基性超基性杂岩划分为南北两个岩带．南岩带（称为兴地河基性超基性岩带）形成于中元古代,系幔深橄榄拉斑玄武质岩浆活动的产物,具铜镍硫化物成矿专属性,北岩带（称为且干布拉克-团结村偏碱性超基性岩带）形成于晚元古代,系幔源碱性橄榄玄武岩浆、碳酸岩浆及类金伯利岩浆活动的产物,具蛭石、磷灰石、透辉石成矿专属性。     

宁夏银川水洞沟遗址2号点晚更新世晚期孢粉记录的古环境

宁夏银川水洞沟遗址2号点剖面孢粉分析结果表明:该地区在晚更新世晚期孢粉组合以草本植物花粉占绝对优势,有Chenopodiaceae、Artemisia、Zygophyllum、Ranunculaceae和少量的Euonymus、Ephedra和Nitraria等,木本植物花粉次之,有Pinus、Picea、Abies、...     

世界主要深水含油气盆地烃源岩特征

对墨西哥湾、巴西东部大陆边缘、西非被动大陆边缘、澳大利亚西北陆架、挪威中部陆架、南海等六个地区的22个深水含油气盆地烃源岩特征(主力烃源岩形成的时代、构造背景、沉积环境、类型、地球学化指标等)的综合研究结果表明,世界深水含油气盆地主力烃源岩主要集中在白垩系,其次为第三系和侏罗系;裂谷期烃源岩占绝对优势,其次为被动陆缘期...     

利用树轮资料重建天山中段南坡巩乃斯地区公元1777年来平均最高气温变化

利用年轮平均灰度年表重建了天山巩乃斯地区自公元1777年来当年5月至8月平均最高气温,方差解释量达41%(调整自由度后为39%).过去232年来,巩乃斯地区平均最高气温变化存在2个偏冷阶段和1个偏暖阶段。重建序列具有154年、77年、2.7年和2.3年的准周期, 并且在1842年前后、1880年前后、1923年前后发生了突变。与北半球平均最高气温网格点资料和多种涛动指数的相关性分析表明,巩乃斯地区平均最高气温变化不仅反映了区域气候变化,对于大范围气候变化也存在一定程度上的响应。     

Microbial community changes in contaminated soils in response to phenanthrene amendment

Leachate and reclaimed wastewater have become the important sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils. However, the information on bioremediation of leachate and reclaimed wastewater-contaminated soils is still lacking. Identification of changes in microbial structure or of enriched genera related to biodegradation could aid identification of particular organisms or consortia capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in these contaminated soils. In this study, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, coupled with 16S Ribosomal ribonucleic acid clone library analysis, was applied to investigate the composition of bacterial community in leachate-contaminated soil or grassland soil irrigated reclaimed wastewater and the response to phenanthrene amendment. Results showed that phenanthrene amendment had significant but different impacts on microbial community structure, dependent on soil source. Several greatly enriched terminal restriction fragments with phenanthrene biodegradation were identified. Moreover, genus rhizobacteria, possibly linked to phenanthrene biodegradation, was firstly reported in this study. This work might provide some new insights into bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soils.     

Hydrogen peroxide leaching of hydrolyzed titania residue prepared from mechanically activated Panzhihua ilmenite leached by hydrochloric acid

The hydrolyzed titania residue with mainly precipitated hydrated TiO₂ is prepared from mechanically activated Panzhihua ilmenite leached by hydrochloric acid. We use H₂O₂ as a coordination agent to leach Ti from the hydrolyzed titania residue. The effects of H₂O₂ to-hydrolyzed titania residue mass ratio, leaching pH value, leaching temperature, leaching time, and H₂O₂ concentration on leaching of hydrolyzed titania residue by H₂O₂ are investigated. The recovery of Ti is above 98% under the optimal conditions. XRD shows that the peroxo-titania powder prepared by boiling the aqueous titanium peroxide solution is crystalline anatase phase. A well-crystallized anatase TiO₂ and rutile TiO₂ can be obtained through calcining at the temperature of 800 and 1000 °C, respectively. EDS shows that the impurities including silicon are enriched in the leaching slag. Little Si is detected as the only impurity in the synthetic TiO₂ due to the weak alkaline condition of leaching.     

Roles of climate changes and human interventions in land degradation: a case study by net primary productivity analysis in China’s Shiyanghe Basin

The Thornthwaite Memorial, Synthetic, and Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) models, with inputs from SPOT-VGT-S10 NDVI data, meteorological data (precipitation, temperature, solar radiation), and land use data were used to estimate the values of net primary productivity (NPP) from 1999 to 2007 in China’s Shiyanghe Basin. The human appropriation of NPP, which represents the difference between potential NPP predicted using the climatic models and actual NPP calculated using the CASA model, served as the indicator of human intervention in the evolution of productivity of the land. Analysis showed that 78.9% (~9,172 km²) of the degradation occurring in the Shiyanghe Basin was caused by human activities versus 15.0% (~1,752 km²) that was caused by climatic factors, whereas 16.9% (~6,404.5 km²) of the vegetation restoration resulted from human activities versus 49.7% (~18,881 km²) that resulted from climate changes. Human activity played a key role in vegetation restoration in the central areas of the basin and in determining land degradation in the southwestern and northeastern areas. In addition, climate significantly controlled the vegetation restoration in the southwestern and northeastern areas and controlled land degradation in the central area.