青藏高原北缘变形动力学研究的一些新认识

地质矿产部“八五”重点深部项目“青藏高原北缘变形动力学研究”，通过对青藏高原北缘综合地质调查和研究(期间共完成40条、总长约1000km的路线剖面观察)，获得了一些重要地质信息和认识。     

西安城市扩张及其驱动力分析

随着人口的增长与经济的发展,尤其我国西部城市在西部大开发的背景下,大中城市的扩张十分明显,深刻地影响城市周边的生态环境。如何快速准确地获取城市扩张信息,并分析其驱动力机制,对于指导城市规划,优化西部生态环境与可持续发展都具有十分重要的意义。作者分别采用了监督分类法和归一化裸露指数 (NDBI) 法提取了西安市的城市边界信息,并对二者进行对比分析,认为监督分类法提取的城市边界信息较为准确。在此基础上通过对相关统计资料的分析,认为西安市城区快速扩张与西部大开发以来西安市固定资产投资额的大幅增加以及经济的快速发展有密切的关系,此外人口的增加、交通等基础设施的发展也是重要的驱动因素。     

鲁西峄山花岗岩中粗大钾长石斑晶成因探讨

在鲁西地区新太古代晚期(五台期)峄山花岗岩的黑石查和望子山花岗质岩体的岩石中,钾长石粗大斑晶内有自形程度较高的斜长石等矿物包裹体沿其环带定向排列.根据野外观察及岩石、矿物学特征测试分析,钾长石斑晶属于岩浆结晶形成的原生斑晶,受化学成分及侵位结晶过程中的物理化学条件影响,钾长石的生长速度大于其成核密度,因而形成粗大斑晶.估算岩浆温度＞950℃,钾长石斑晶快速生长时岩浆温度为750℃,过冷度△T≈150℃,基质结晶时岩浆温度为600℃,△T≈300℃.     

Cultivation of marine sponges

Sponges are the most primitive of multicellular animals, and are major pharmaceutical sources of marine secondary metabolites. A wide variety of new compounds have been isolated from sponges. In order to produce sufficient amounts of the compounds of the needed, it is necessary to obtain large amount of sponges.The production of sponge biomass has become a focus of marine biotechnology.     

Fine-resolution simulation of surface current and sea ice in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas

A fine-resolution model is developed for ocean circulation simulation in the National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, and is applied to simulate surface current and sea ice variations in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas. A dynamic sea ice model in elastic-viscous-plastic rheology and a thermodynamic sea ice model are employed. A 200-year simulation is performed and a dimatological average of a 10-year period (141st-150th) is presented with focus on sea ice concentration and surface current variations in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas. The model is able to simulate well the East Greenland Current, Beaufort Gyre and the Transpolar Drift, but the simulated West Spitsbergen Current is small and weak. In the March climatology, the sea ice coverage can be simulated well except for a bit more ice in east of Spitsbergen Island. The result is also good for the September scenario except for less ice concentration east of Greenland and greater ice concentration near the ice margin. The extra ice east of Spitsbergen Island is caused by sea ice current convergence forced by atmospheric wind stress.     

泰安市历史形成责任灭失非煤矿山采空区现状及稳定性评价

泰安市有很多历史形成、责任灭失的铁矿、石膏矿、金矿、长石矿、萤石矿、岩盐矿等非煤矿山。该文阐述了各矿山的采空区位置、分布范围、危险性及废弃矿井的位置、类型,分析了地表变形及其对建(构)筑物及基础设施的潜在影响,采用赋值打分法和规范评价法对采空区稳定性进行评价,对废弃矿井危害程度进行定性分析评价。在调查与评价的基础上,对泰安市历史形成、责任灭失非煤矿山采空区及废弃矿井提出针对性的防治措施,为开展防治工作提供参考和依据。     

浙江中生代浅成热液金银成矿作用的耗散结构模型

浙江中生代主要浅成热液金银矿床在蚀变-矿化过程中的一些物理化学特征参数(如T、P、St和ρ等)呈非线性的变化关系,其控制变量是P、T和PH值.推断条带(或环带)状构造的矿脉(石)是由减压沸腾作用造成的.据Drummond等(1985)沸腾的模拟计算和研究表明,[H+]浓度是决定沸腾热液中的Au、Ag等成矿元素命运的主要因素.因此,可以[H+]浓度(状态变量)作为序参量来反映成矿溶液中Au、Ag浓度的变化趋势;并建立其自组织过程的动力学方程与开放沸腾热液系统Au、Ag沉淀的耗散结构模型.     

Phase characteristic analysis of continuous depth air-gun source wavelet

Air guns are important sources for marine seismic exploration. Far-field wavelet of air gun arrays, as a necessary parameter for pre-stack processing and source models, plays an important role during marine seismic data processing and interpretation. When an air gun fires, it generates a series of air bubbles. Similar to onshore seismic exploration, the water forms a plastic fluid near the bubble; the farther the air gun is located from the measurement, the more steady and more accurately represented the wavelet will be. In practice, hydrophones should be placed more than 100 m from the air gun; however, traditional seismic cables cannot meet this requirement. On the other hand, vertical cables provide a viable solution to this problem. This study uses a vertical cable to receive wavelets from 38 air guns and data are collected offshore Southeast Qiong, where the water depth is over 1000 m. In this study, the wavelets measured using this technique coincide very well with the simulated wavelets and can therefore represent the real shape of the wavelets. This experiment fills a technology gap in China.     

Quaternary Climate and Environment in the Lop Nur, Xinjiang

Since the middle Early Pleistocene (1.20 Ma B.P.), the desert steppe climate and environment have predominated in the Lop Nur area, Xinjiang, characterized by warm humid epochs interrupted by dry cold intervals. The grain-size and magnetic susceptibility curves record 30 climatic oscillations, each with a ca. 40 ka cycle, in the area since 1.2 Ma B.P., which reflects the controlling effects exerted by the astronomic factor on the environment. The Quaternary sedimentary environment in the Lop Nur gradually changed from a fresh lake through a brackish lake to a saline lake, showing a spiral evolution, and finally it evolved into a playa.     

南极GRV 99027陨石:火星陨石中的一个新成员

来自南极格罗夫山蓝冰地区的GRV 99027陨石为一无球粒陨石,主要由橄榄石及辉石组成。棕色橄榄石具堆晶结构及镶嵌结构等火成岩浆分异结晶的特征。陨石的矿物模式组成及化学成分显示与SNC族陨石特征相似,特别是与ALHA77005陨石十分接近。后者被确定为二辉橄榄岩质辉玻无球粒陨石类(Lherozolitic-Shergotty,L-S)火星陨石。GRV 99027陨石的矿物化学特征以及FeO/MnO比值也与L-S类相似。可以初步认为GRV 99027陨石为SNC族火星陨石一个新的成员。二辉橄榄岩相当于地球的上地幔成分。陨石来自火星探部,为世界上极为稀有的火星样品,极具研究价值。