Oxygen Isotope Studies of Epithermal Systems：A Review

Numerous stable isotope studies of whole rocks and mineral separates in epithermal systems indi-cate that even though meteoric waters are dominant components in epithermal systems ,fluids of other origins,such as sedimentary or meta-sedimentary fluids,magmatic waters and even evolved meteoric waters ,may also play a role in the formation of epithermal ore deposits.Usually the more depleted the wall rocks,the larger the size of ore deposits ,and the least depletion degrees in whole rocks for economic mineralization are by about 3.5‰.The depletion in δ^18O in wall rocks,however,may be complicated by the superimposition of low temperature-hydration over high-temperature altera-tion or vice versa,the existence of primary low-^18O and high-^18O magmas ,and alteration by vol-canic gases.The depletion in δ^18O in wall rocks is controlled by the composition and nature of flu-ids,the temperature of fluids,the elevation of rocks at the time of alteration ,lithology,boiling effects of fluids ,and alteration style,as well as by water/rock ratios.In addition ,the fluids re-sponsible for epithermal deposits have experienced positive δ^18O shifts .It seems that when the above complications and controlling factors are well defined,oxygen isotope studies would be a promising and powerful exploration tool.     

中国北方地区(33°～41°N,108°～115°E)过去500年夏季降水量的周期成分分析

利用连续小波分析和经验模态分解方法,对我国北方地区(33°～41°N,108°～115°E)1470 ～2002年每年夏季降水量指数的时间序列进行了周期成分分析,探索全球气候变暖下的该地区降水量的多尺度变化特征.小波分析表明,降水量指数的可能周期有2.57a,4.83a,10.65a,23.25a,48.56a,68.30a和105.90a的周期,在95％置信水平有统计意义的周期是2.57a和23.25a的周期.这些周期和自然因素导致的周期相联系,不仅包含了气候系统内部(平流层准2a振荡和厄尔尼诺/南方涛动)的非线性作用,还包含了气候系统外(主要是太阳活动)受强迫的周期变化,且二者在原始降水量中所在比重相当,共同反映了原始降水量的绝大部分变化.降水量不只是在百年尺度上受太阳活动的驱动,在数十年尺度上也受到太阳活动的影响.我国北方地区的夏季降水量指数和夏季温度指数同相位反相关,全球增温并没有明显地改变二者之间的反相关关系.近百年来全球变暖期间,夏季降水量出现明显的新特征:短周期成分(小于30a的周期)的振幅比以往要显著大,而长周期成分的振幅比以往要显著小,同时呈现降水量逐年减少的长期变化趋势.     

催化显色光度法测定微量铜

实验表明在Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）─邻苯二酚─Ｈ２Ｏ２体系中加入Ｃｌ－和Ａｌ３＋对该体系有一定的活化作用，可进一步提高测定微量铜的灵敏度，通过实验确定了测定微量铜Ｃｕ２＋的最佳条件。可测铜在０．１μｇ以下。     

泾县地震台地磁核旋观测干扰排除分析

地磁观测是地震预报中重要的前兆手段之一。识别干扰,排除干扰,对保证观测资料的可靠尤为重要。我们根据泾县地震台地磁核旋观测过程中遇到的问题,利用对比观测方法,对观测数据进行分析,结果表明该仪器工作正常,性能稳定,精度很高;同时指出,在观测过程中应注意的一些问题,并排除了影响泾县地震台地磁观测的干扰源。     

库姆塔格沙漠的“羽毛状沙丘”形态的观测

参照卫星照片和地形图,实地观测了库姆塔格沙漠“羽毛状沙丘”分布区域的地貌。新月型“沙垄”是该区域的主导性地貌类型,垄间地形波状起伏。如果将“沙垄”喻为“羽轴”,垄间的波状起伏地形为“羽枝”,则可构成卫星照片所显示的“羽毛状沙丘”。新月型“沙垄”的走向为NE-SW,由新月形沙丘前一沙丘的迎风坡与后一沙丘的东翼相连而成,高3~19m,宽约50m,长15~22km。“垄”间起伏地形的波长为100~300m,振幅为40~100cm,与“沙垄”成60~105°夹角。在波状起伏地形的波峰与波谷过渡区堆积颜色较浅的细沙,厚2~7cm,构成了“大沙波”。实地观测的“羽毛状沙丘”的形态与卫星照片显示的形态有一定差异。     

Sm–Nd geochronology and petrography of garnet pyroxene granulites in the northern Sulu region of China and their geotectonic implication

Abundant garnet-bearing granulite lenses are widely distributed in the northern part of the Sulu region and adjacent areas. They are possibly re-metamorphosed high-pressure metamorphic rocks. On the basis of detailed petrographic study, samples WD01, WD04 and ML06 from Laixi and Wendeng were identified as high-pressure granulites, and WH1 from Weihai as an original coesite-bearing eclogite. Three high-pressure granulite samples give mineral-WR isochron ages of 1846±76, 1743±79 and 1752±30 Ma. TDM ages are 3.3, 3.0 and 2.8 Ga. The Sm–Nd mineral-WR isochron ages are interpreted to date as the metamorphic resetting within the medium-pressure granulite facies, representing an isotopic re-homogeneity during uplifting of the high-pressure granulites from deep continent crust. It is important that Sm–Nd chronological characteristics are the same as Archaean high-pressure granulites in the North China craton. However, sample WH1 from Weihai demonstrates abnormal Sm–Nd characteristics. Its whole rock _Nd (0) value is +129. TDM age is 1.3 Ga, and constrains the minimum age of re-metamorphosed eclogite protolith formation to the mid-Proterozoic. This result is identical to those reported by Jahn (1994), showing complicated processes of metamorphism and metasomatism. The data in this paper provide further evidence to define the boundary between the North China craton and UHPM belt in eastern Shandong and to understand the geotectonic nature of the boundary.     

Metamorphic evolution, mineral chemistry and thermobarometry of schists and orthogneisses hosting ultra-high pressure eclogites in the Dabieshan of central China

As is typical of ultra-high pressure (UHP) terrains, the regional extent of the UHP terrain in the Dabieshan of central China is highly speculative, since the volume of eclogites and paragneisses preserving unequivocal evidence of coesite and/or diamond stability is very small. By contrast, the common garnet (X_Mn=0.18–0.45)–phengite (Si=3.2–3.35)–zoned epidote (Ps_38–97)–biotite–titanite–two feldspars–quartz assemblages in the more extensive orthogneisses have been previously thought to have formed under low P–T conditions of ca. 400±50°C at 4 kbar. However, certain orthogneiss samples preserve garnets with X_Ca up to 0.50, rutile inclusions within titanite or epidote and relict phengite inclusions within epidote with Si contents p.f.u. of up to 3.49 — overlapping with the highest values (3.49–3.62) recorded for phengites in samples of undoubted UHP schists. These and other mineral composition features (such as A-site deficiencies in the highest Si phengites, Na in garnets linked to Y+Yb substitution and Al F Ti₋₁ O₋₁ substitution in titanites) are taken to be pointers towards the orthogneisses having experienced a similar metamorphic evolution to the associated UHP schists and eclogites. Re-evaluated garnet–phengite and garnet–biotite Fe/Mg exchange thermometry and calculated 5 rutile+3 grossular+2SiO₂+H₂O=5 titanite+2 zoisite equilibria indicate that the orthogneisses may indeed have followed a common subduction-related clockwise P–T path with the UHP paragneisses and eclogites through conditions of P_max at ca. 690°C–715°C and 36 kbar to T_max at ca. 710°C–755°C and 18 kbar, prior to extensive re-crystallisation and re-equilibration of these ductile orthogneisses at ca. 400°C–450°C and 6 kbar. The consequential conclusion, that it is no longer necessary to resort to models of tectonic juxtapositioning to explain the spatial association of these Dabieshan orthogneisses with undoubted UHP lithologies, has far-reaching implications for the interpretation of controversial gneiss–eclogite relationships in other UHP metamorphic terrains.     

新疆乔尕山金矿床成矿流体来源研究

对乔尕山金矿床脆韧性剪切变质成矿作用阶段形成的受不同程度剪切的石英脉中流体包裹体气相成分分析表明,由糜棱岩化石英脉→初糜棱岩石英脉→石英脉糜棱岩,气相成分总量及主要组分Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣＯ２的含量均呈有规律的降低。两个主要成矿阶段形成的石英脉具有相似的Ｈ、Ｏ同位素组成,δ＾１８ＯＨ２Ｏ＝５．２５‰～９．５４‰,δＤＨ２Ｏ＝－７０．９‰,～－４２．０‰,受剪切岩石中矿物中流体包裹体所代表的流体是韧性剪切金矿     

内蒙古东升庙、甲生盘中元古代SEDEX矿床同生断裂活动及其控矿特征

东升庙Zn -Pb -Cu矿床和甲生盘Zn -Pb矿床具有鲜明的层控特征, 前者产在中元古界狼山群二组中, 后者则局限在中元古界渣尔泰山群阿古鲁沟组第二岩段内.二者产出层位相当, 根据(1) 含矿地层有岩相(性) 的突变; (2) 含矿岩段地层厚度顺走向和倾向变化性大、厚度突变现象明显, 并存在层间砾岩和滑塌角砾岩, 角砾成分为大小不一的白云石大理岩块、碳质千枚岩、石英团块、凝灰岩块、变粒岩块、变质火山岩碎块、黑云母片岩碎块; (3) 矿体总体呈层产出, 但有一些Zn -Pb -Cu矿体突然变薄, 甚至消失, 形成鱼头状矿体, 且发育角砾状矿石, 角砾成分与层间砾岩的相同, 且还含Pb -Zn矿石或Py矿石角砾; (4) 火山岩或凝灰岩夹层顺同生断裂带分布, 确认其唯一容矿岩组形成过程中有明显的同生断裂活动.同生断裂系统是含矿热水和火山熔浆进入沉积盆地的通道, 是两大矿床形成的有利因素, 但其活动频率、规模与持续时间的差异, 也造成不同的矿床规模和矿体分布.东升庙矿床同生断裂活动时限相对长、矿床规模大、矿种多.甲生盘矿床同生断裂活动时间短, 矿床规模为大型.      

胶东焦家金矿田构造形迹的分形研究

对胶东焦家金矿田多层次的断层裂隙统计表明, 裂隙系统在10-6~104尺度内符合分形分布, 且节理裂隙的分维可作为区分蚀变构造带与正常围岩的良好指标.根据裂隙的分维特征推测, 焦家金矿田深部矿体也许更趋简单、稳定、厚大, 深部找矿仍有较大的潜力.