基于地基GPS-TEC的中国区域地震电离层效应研究

基于中国陆态网络地基GPS-TEC观测,针对2008～2019年发生在中国区域的7个M_S≥6.0地震,采用滑动四分位距法分析了地震前后的电离层扰动时空分布特征。结果显示,5个地震的震前2～6天,GPS-TEC值出现负异常扰动,地震发生期间及震后电离层TEC出现正异常扰动,主要集中在震后2～7天;GPS观测站距离震中越近,垂直上空的TEC扰动越明显,扰动空间最大范围可达2000km。随着震级的增加,震前电离层TEC异常扰动的发生率有所增加,且异常覆盖的范围也有所扩大。因此,认为震前一周内的电离层TEC变化可能提供揭示电离层扰动与地震活动之间关系的线索。     

湖北宜昌震旦系陡山沱组储层特征及复杂体积压裂效果评价

鄂阳页2 HF井是国内首口针对震旦系陡山沱组的页岩气水平井,该井钻遇的陡山沱组页岩厚度大,岩石脆性好,含气性好且天然裂缝发育,具备良好的压裂改造基础.针对陡山沱组储层"高云质、地层常压、水平应力差异大、隔夹层发育"等压裂改造难点,通过采用"密分切割、多簇射孔、转向压裂"等复杂裂缝体积压裂工艺,采取变排量、暂堵转向、停泵...     

基于波形特征的露天钼矿微震事件的识别分析——以卓资山钼矿为例

基于前人研究成果以及现场的实测结果,采用卓资山露天钼矿微震监测项目产出资料,提取了5类微震事件的波形特征和时频特征。波形特征显示:微地震的振幅、辐射均匀性和频率变化特征表明微地震是由于岩层受到单力偶和剪切力作用破裂而产生;爆破具有P波初动方向向上、S波不易识别的特点,包含“初震段、主震段、尾波段”三段变化形态;小型边坡滑坡波事件属楔体滑坡,是由多个“加速—缓冲—终止”构成,波形是由包络线呈“V”字形的多组脉冲波列组成;机械开采震动事件具有自振能量不变、脉冲幅度相差很大、持续时间间隔不确定的特点;运输车辆波形振幅具有形态“弱—强—弱”、等频率、包络线呈多段纺锤形的特征。时频空间分布可以分为相对独立、界限分明的两类:一类包含微地震、爆破、机械开采、小型边坡滑坡事件,另一类只包含车辆运输事件。     

基于Sato模型的内蒙古东北部地区尾波Q值

基于Sato模型,采用2016年3月至2018年6月内蒙古东北部及临近地区发生的526次地震事件,挑选M_L≥2.0、记录清晰且信噪比较高的102次地震事件,拟合得到内蒙古东北部地区尾波Q值,得到Q_C(f)=(64.74±29.09)f^{(0.8925±0.0765});Q值与依赖指数η成反比,且该区北部Q值偏高,南部Q值偏低,可能与地质构造及地震活动性有关。     

地震计保温效能分析

为内蒙古自治区大沁塔拉地震台地震计安装保温罩,利用台基噪声计算软件,计算保温前后地震观测数据PSD概率密度函数,分析保温罩对地震计的效能,结果发现,保温罩安装后,地震计温度变化平稳,地震观测数据质量提高。     

基于混合回归模型的夏季高温日数预测

本文以变化比较激烈的高温日数为对象,通过加权叠加、周期波动以及尺度比较等理论分析提出一种短期气候预测观点,即长周期波动可用当地前期各种气象要素的长周期波动的某种函数表示,而短周期波动依然与大范围周边环境因子的变化有关。采用功率谱分析、逐步回归、方差分析等常用统计手段和二项式平滑方法,建立长周期波动和波动偏差比的预报方程,在此基础上得到高温日数的预报方程。应用该方法对合肥地区的高温日数进行了预测试验,利用滚动预报得到13个预报样本。在13个试测样本中,有11个样本试测较为准确,试测准确率达到84．6％。在试测不准确的2个样本中,误差有5～6d,而且它们出现在高温日数相对较多的年份,因此试测效果令人满意。     

An integrated technology for gas control and green mining in deep mines based on ultra-thin seam mining

With the increasing demand for coal resources, coal mining has gradually entered into the deep strata of coal seams. Although the increase in mining depth improves energy security, it is associated with severe hazards, especially coal and gas outburst. Protective seam mining is an efficient method for gas control and has been widely used in major coal-producing countries. However, studies on deep ultra-thin protective seam (thickness 0.1–1 m, average thickness 0.5 m) mining and its related problems have been rarely reported. Focusing on the challenges resulting from deep mining (mining depth >1100 m) and the research gap, a coal and gas co-exploitation technique, which combines the gas control technology and green mining (including coal preparation and backfilling), has been proposed in this work. Significant benefits have been achieved in the twelfth coal mine of the Pingdingshan coalfield (study area) following the implementation of this technique. The application of the gas control technology markedly improved the gas drainage efficiency, promoted increased gas utilization, and reduced the greenhouse gas emission, providing notable economic and environmental benefits. In addition, implementation of green mining improved the coal quality, relieved the burden of the transport system, and, in particular, effectively prevented surface subsidence, thus protecting the ecological environment of the mining area, which offered significant economic, environmental, and social benefits. The practice in the twelfth coal mine could be used as a valuable example for coal mines with similar geological conditions.     

准噶尔盆地古隆起的分布与基本特征

准噶尔盆地外侧三大边界动力体系的作用及基底结构的差异性导致准噶尔盆地在不同地质时期发育不同性质的隆起构造。石炭纪晚期东北侧的造山作用形成了盆地北部隆起,晚二叠世北部隆起分异为陆梁隆起与乌伦古坳陷;早二叠世西北侧的造山作用形成了车排子隆起,随后的冲断作用形成了克拉玛依--夏子街断裂带。燕山期的压扭作用形成了沉积盖层中的车排子--莫索湾隆起。新生代北天山向北的冲断作用导致准噶尔盆地南部地区急剧挠曲沉降,盆地向南掀斜,隆起向北迁移。据基底的性质、形成时间、活动方式、地质结构与保存状态等特点将准噶尔盆地的隆起划分为继承型、间断型、掀斜型与冲断带型等4种基本类型。     

Spatial and temporal pattern of precipitation and drought in Gansu Province, Northwest China

Drought is one of the most harmful natural hazards in Gansu Province in Northwest China. The changes of precipitation affect the severity of drought. In order to recognize the trend of precipitation and understand the effect of rainfall change on water resources management and drought severity, Mann–Kendall test was used. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was calculated to reconstruct the drought at different time scales and analyze the frequency of drought occurrence in the recent 50 years. The results show that the SPI is applicable in Gansu Province. The number of severe droughts differs among regions: it is more obvious as a 3-month drought in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin than in the Inland River Basin, and other droughts at 6-, 9-, and 12-month time scales have the same effect in the three regions. Mann–Kendall test results show that there is an upward trend in the summer periods and a downward trend in the autumn-winter-spring intervals ranging from 10.5 mm/10 years to −37.4 mm/10 years, which affect the local water resources management, droughts mitigation, and agriculture decision making. This situation poses challenges for future study.     

An Updated Review of Event Attribution Approaches

There have been considerable high-impact extreme events occurring around the world in the context of climate change. Event attribution studies, which seek to qu...