冬季中东急流与中国气候异常的联系

用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国160站降水和气温资料,研究了冬季中东急流与中国气候异常的联系。结果表明:中东急流偏强、位置偏东南时,200 hPa上孟加拉湾、中南半岛及中国南海西风加强,而中国30°N以北西风减弱,相应地东亚急流减弱;500 hPa上西欧脊加强且东欧大槽加深,伴随孟加拉湾北部南支槽加深而东亚大槽减弱,有利于欧洲中东部冷空气频繁向东南方向活动,并一直影响到中国西南部;850 hPa上缅甸、中南半岛、华南沿海的西南风距平,有利于孟加拉湾水汽向华南地区输送;上述大气环流异常有利于华南地区降水显著增加,长江上游地区气温下降特别是西南地区气温显著降低,东北地区气温升高;反之亦然。     

Organic geochemical characterization and depositional paleoenvironments of the Devonian strata in Guizhong region,Guangxi, China

Devonian strata in the Guizhong region, Guangxi, China consist mainly of marine deposition carbonates (limestones and dolomites) as well as restricted clastic rocks. The strata thickness is measured as 2041m and classified into 14 formations. An integrated field geological, petrographic, sedimentological, palaeobiological, and geochemical study of these strata reveals that the depositional paleoenvironments were carbonate tidal flat, restricted platform, open platform, shelf, platform margin slop, and algal herm. The total organic carbon (TOC) of sedimentary organic matter ranges between 0.07% and 1.96% with average of 0.21%. The organic matter types are Type I and Type III. The vitrinite reflectance (R ₀) of kerogen ranges between 0.99% and 2.03%, indicating the maturated and highly maturated stages. The analytical results of the representative samples collected from shelf and subtidal facies show that the differences of organic matter type and biological diagnostic compounds are related to the types of source rocks deposited in different paleoenvironments.

     

Simulations of water resource environmental changes in China during the last 20 000 years by a regional climate model

We utilize a regional climate model with detailed land surface processes (RegCM2) to simulate East Asian monsoon climates at 0 ka, 6 ka and 21 ka BP, and evaluate the changes in hydrology process, including vapor transportation, precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff in the eastern and western China during these periods. Results indicate that the Tibetan Plateau climate presents a wet–cold status during the LGM while it exhibits a wet–warm climate at 6 ka BP. The LGM wetter climate over the Tibetan Plateau mainly results from the increased vapor inflow through its south boundary, while the increase in the vapor import over the Tibetan Plateau at 6 ka BP mostly sources from its west boundary. The increase in the LGM runoff over the Tibetan Plateau is mainly caused by the decrease in evapotranspiration, while the increase in runoff at the 6 ka BP mainly by the enhanced precipitation. Eastern China (including southern China) presents a dry status during the LGM, which precipitation and runoff decreases significantly due largely to weakened Asian summer monsoon that results in the decreased vapor inflow through the south boundary of eastern China. The variation pattern in the hydrological cycle in eastern China is contrary to that in western China during the LGM. The increase in precipitation and runoff at 6 ka BP in eastern China is tightly related to the strong Asian summer monsoon that leads to increased vapor import through the south boundary. Long term decrease trend in precipitation and runoff in northern China since the last 20 000 years may be attributed to the steady increase in vapor export through the east boundary as a result of the changes of East Asian monsoon and the adjustments of local atmospheric circulations in this area.     

柴达木盆地北缘断裂构造分形特征与油气分布关系研究

本文应用分形几何理论对柴达木盆地北缘断裂体系的分布进行了定量研究,在研究标定尺度范围内,该区断裂体系的平面分布具有良好的统计自相似性和分形特征,在双对数坐标系中,用最小二乘法进行直线拟合的相关系数平方(R²)均在0.97以上。该区4个已知油气田断裂构造的分维数D值均大于1.3,明显高于整个区域内4个反射层的断层分维数(平均D=1.218)。可以认为断裂构造的分维值大于1.3的部位是该区油气聚集分布的有利区。断裂体系分数维值越大的地区,有利于油气藏的分布,其单位面积内的油气地质储量越高。     

Phase—Controlled and Gas—Washing Fractionations During the Formation of Petroleum Reservoirs

By PVT fractionation experiments to model phase-controlled and gaw-washing fractionations during the formation of petroleum reservoirs,the authors measured the physical and chemical properties of products formed in different fractionation staes and made a correlative analysis of the influence of depressurization and gas washing on oil/gas molecular composition and the rule of fractionation.The analytical results showed that gas washing is an important factor affecting the physical properties of crude oils.and also can be regarded as a good genetic interpretation of marine wax-high oils in the Tarim region,Xinjiang,China.Phase-controlled and gaw-washing fractionations can lead to the formation of condensates and their differences in chemical composition from crude oils are a direct reflection of evaporating fractionation.Phasecontrolled and gaw-washing fractionations have a great influence on the composition of molecular compounds and relevant parameters.So phase-controlled and gas-washing fractionations during the formation of petroleum reservoirs are not only favorable to identifying different processes of formation of petroleum reservoirs,but also to the scientific application of routine geochemical parameters.     

科技英语写作中的常见标点符号与数字表示疏误

针对目前科技英语出版物中常见的标点符号和数字疏误，指出撰稿时应该注意的问题。     

特大暴雨的中-β尺度系统研究

受0012号台风（派比安）外围影响，在2000年8月30日08时到31日08时，江苏东北部地区出现了一次具有局域性、突发性、高强度、超历史记录的特大暴雨过程。经综合分析表明：暴雨期间，在台风外围第二象限稳定的东风气流，并发生扰动，构成产生特大暴雨的中尺度东风融合线天气系统。这条中尺度东风辐龛 一高频次的准东西向和高频次的准南北向分布、更替，与响水≥10mm雨团的高频区相一致。由地面速度平流散度（F）分析得出，强雨团是与F＞0的强中心趋于一致，也即是在辐合增强或维持最强的响水及其附近爆发。进一步分析表明：地面速度平流散度变化与局域性高强度雨团的维持及其雨强增幅关系十分明显。     

上海地区地磁转换函数变化及其与近震的关系

计算分析了上海地区佘山台１９７７年１月－１９８６年１２月和崇明台１９８３年１月－１９８９年９月的地磁周期Ｔ＝９－２００ｍｉｎ的复转换函数Ａ的模│Ａ│，总方差σｚ和帕金森林矢量或韦氏矢量，并将其在上海地区９０－３００ＫＭ范围内４次５－６级近震发生时的烨变化进行了研究。结果表明周期为１５、２０和３５ｍｉｎ的│Ａ│和σｚ值在震前明显异常，帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量在震前指向震中，震后回到正常位置，在此基础上，     

无限饱水孔隙弹性空间中由运动源所产生的位移场

基于Ｂｉｏｔ的饱和孔隙弹性介质的运动方程和利用复变函数方法，本文研究了无限饱水孔隙弹性空间中由常速运动源所产生的位移场。考虑了两种类型源：ａ．沿无限空间水平轴运动的斜向集中力源；ｂ．运动双力偶源。关于力源的运动速度，考虑了４种情形：ａ．力源的运动速度Ｕ小于饱水孔隙弹性介质的三种体波速度一亚音速情形；ｂ．速度Ｕ小于介质的第一纵波过度和横波速度，但大于第二纵波速度─—弱跨音速情形；ｃ．速度Ｕ小于第一纵波速度，但大于横波速度和第二级波速度─—强跨音速情形；ｄ．速度Ｕ大于介质的所有三种体波速度─—超音速情形。结果表明，在跨音达和超音速情形里，解呈现出与力源相联系的平面冲击波特征，位移出现了相应的跳跃。