西南某岩溶区地下水系统示踪试验与解析

以西南某典型岩溶区为例,解析示踪试验在岩溶管道连通性以及获取水文地质参数中的应用。选择落水洞为投放点,分别从落水洞西侧和东侧寻找地下水出露点作为接收点,判别落水洞地下径流的实际去向以及落水洞与接收点之间的水力联系。结合Qtracer2软件对示踪试验成果进行定量解析,确定示踪剂回收率、地下水平均流速、最快流速,估算出岩溶管道结构特征和水文地质参数。结果表明:落水洞与接收点JS01、JS03之间不存在直接水力联系;落水洞与接收点JS02存在水力联系且岩溶管道极为发育,含水介质不均匀,地下水运移路径较为通畅,为典型的紊流流态;落水洞地下径流的主要方向是由西向东,但在丰水期雨量较大期间,接收点JS04能够接收到荧光素钠,说明丰水期水位上涨后两者间会有水力联系,导致部分水量向落水洞西侧排泄。     

The role of salinity in fluvio-deltaic morphodynamics: A long-term modelling study

Salinity difference between terrestrial river discharge and oceanic tidal water plays a role in modifying the local flow field and, as a consequence, estuarine morphodynamics. Although widely recognized, recent numerical studies exploring the long-term morphological evolution of river-influenced estuaries with two-dimensional, depth-averaged models have mostly neglected salinity. Using a three-dimensional morphodynamic model, we aim to gain more insight into the effect of salinity on the morphodynamics of fluvio-deltaic systems. Model results indicate that the resultant estuarine morphology established after 600 years differs remarkably when a salinity gradient is included. A fan-shaped river-mouth delta exhibits less seaward expansion and is cut through by narrower channels when salinity is included. The inclusion of salinity tends to generate estuarine circulation, which favours landward sediment transport and hence limits the growth of the delta while enhancing the development of intertidal areas. The formation of deltaic channel–shoal patterns resulting from morphodynamic evolution tends to strengthen salinity stratification, which is characterized by an increased gradient Richardson number. The direction of the depth-averaged residual sediment transport over a tide may be opposite to the direction of residual velocity, indicating the significant influence of baroclinic effects on the net sediment transport direction (and hence morphological change). The effect of salinity on morphological evolution becomes less profound when the strength of tidal or fluvial forcing is dominant over the other. The effects of sediment type and flocculation, which are particularly important when salinity gradients are present, are also discussed. Overall, this study highlights that neglecting salinity to simulate long-term estuarine morphodynamics requires more careful justification, particularly when the environment is characterized by fine sediment types (favouring suspended transport), and relatively large river discharge and estuarine depth (favouring baroclinic effects). © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessing the relative contributions of the flood tide and the ebb tide to tidal channel network dynamics

Flood and ebb currents provide different contributions to the initiation and evolution of tidal channel networks, generating diverse network structures and channel cross-sections. In order to separate the effects of these contributions, a physical model of a sloping tidal-flat basin was set up in the laboratory. Depending on the degree of tidal asymmetry imposed offshore, either flood or ebb currents can be enhanced. The experimental results show that the ebb current has a higher capability to initiate and shape tidal networks than the flood current. Headward erosion is mainly induced by the ebb flow. The slightly inclined flat surface tends to reduce the energy of the flood current and to enhance the ebb current, thus prolonging the duration of morphodynamic activity as well as sediment motion. Overall, flood-dominated tides favour the formation of small-scale channel branches in the upper basin zone, while long lasting ebb-dominated tides result in more complex, wider and deeper tidal networks. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CTS-1E、CMG-3ESPC-120型地震计工作参数对比分析

CTS-1E型、CMG-3ESPC-120型地震计安装架设在库尔勒地震台小泉沟观测点同一台基上,均使用EDAS-24GN型数据采集器进行实时数据采集,对比分析观测数据波形特征、地动噪声功率谱及动态范围等,明确2套地震计在实际观测中的性能差异,以便为地震监测数据分析及相关研究提供参考。     

基于FLAC3D数值模拟的清徐地裂缝与交城断裂成因关系研究

基于断裂力学理论,应用FLAC3D数值模拟方法对交城断裂活动时附近土体的变形特征进行模拟计算。计算结果表明:断层活动带动上覆土层差异沉降及应力场变化,当断层错动量达到一定程度,断层附近出现拉应力区,土体在拉张应力和自身重力作用下产生垂直差异形变,从而产生地裂缝。将数值模拟结果与方山探槽揭示的地裂缝剖面特征进行对比,二者结果相互印证,说明清徐地裂缝是交城断裂活动的结果,二者具有明显的对应关系,地裂缝为构造成因裂缝。数值模拟结果为研究断裂和地裂缝成因关系提供了佐证。     

Optimal reduction of anthropogenic emissions for air pollution control and the retrieval of emission source from observed pollutants II: Iterative optimization using a positive-negative discriminant

Science China Earth Sciences - In part I of this paper series, the application of an incomplete adjoint operator to calculate the optimal reduction of the total emissions S′ was suggested....     

多波束点云滤波算法初步研究及适用性分析

为提高多波束数据处理的准确性和简便性,研究了多波束水深点云处理的策略和关键算法,构建了kd-tree(k-dimensional tree)结构加速点云查找,针对大尺度噪点设计了半径滤波和统计滤波算法,针对小尺度噪点提出了双边滤波算法,并对以上算法的适用性进行了探讨分析。实验结果表明,当设置适合的滤波阈值,半径滤波和统计滤波能高效去除大尺度噪点,且保留地形特征,总误差分别为2.25%和2.76%。在大尺度噪点去除的基础上,改进的双边滤波可以实现地形平滑的同时,保持水深点云的有效数据量。研究成果为多波束点云数据的自动化处理提供了解决方案,对多波束测量工作的效果和效率提升做了有益尝试。     

新时代国土空间规划中陆海统筹的重点内容和实现路径

新时代国土空间规划是未来可持续发展的空间蓝图。陆地与海洋作为国土空间的两大主体,落实陆海统筹战略、推进生态保护和高质量发展已成为沿海地区国土空间规划编制的重要内容。文章阐述陆海统筹的重点内容并分析其实现路径,研究结果有助于推动陆海统筹在国土空间规划中的有效落实,提升国土空间规划编制的科学性。研究结果表明在新时代背景下,可从6个方面实现陆海统筹:有机衔接陆海主体功能,统筹协调岸线两侧矛盾,统筹塑造陆海空间格局;统筹规划陆海自然资源的保护与开发;统筹布局和协调发展陆海产业;建立陆海一体的交通和防灾支撑体系;开展陆海协同的生态环境保护与修复治理;建设陆海统筹的管理体制机制。     

保安湖鳜鱼卵巢的周年变化

对保安湖性成熟雌性鳜鱼卵巢进行了组织和组织化学研究。鳜鱼卵母细胞发育分为５个时相。退化卵终年存在,区分为产产萎缩和产后退化吸收。鳜鱼的繁殖期在４月底至６月底。一个生殖周期中,卵巢两次达到成熟,为分批主卵类型。鳜鱼卵黄物质有三种形式,液泡含在量多糖物质。