A land surface model (IAP94) for climate studies Part II: Implementation and preliminary results of coupled model with IAP GCM

The Institute of Atmospheric Physics Land Surface Model (IAP94) has been incorporated into the IAP two-level atmospheric general circulation model (IAP GCM). Global and regional climatology averaged over the last 25 years of 100 year integrations from the IAP GCM with and without IAP94 (“bucket” scheme) is compared. The simulated results are also compared with the reanalysis data. Major findings are:(1) The IAP GCM simulation without IAP94 has extensive regions of warmer than observed surface air tempera?tures, while the simulation with IAP94 very much improves the surface air temperature.(2) The IAP GCM simulation with IAP94 gives improvement of the simulated precipitation pattern and intensity, especially the precipitation of East Asian summer monsoon and its intraseasonal migration of the rainbelts.(3) In five selected typical regions, for most of the surface variables such as surface air temperature, precipitation, precipitation minus evaporation, net radiation, latent heat flux and sensible heat flux, the IAP GCM with IAP94 pro?vides better simulations.     

三维点云在轨道板快速检测中的应用

针对现有的CRTSⅢ型轨道板检测方法效率低下、设备组装复杂、部分还需人工操作等不足,基于三维点云数据实现了轨道板外形尺寸的高精度快速检测。利用轨道板标准三维模型建立相关检测特征,在完成轨道板三维点云数据相关预处理后,将点云数据精确配准至标准三维模型,利用模型上已建立的特征拟合计算轨道板表面点云数据的检测特征,获得轨道板各检测指标的测量值;计算测量值与标准三维模型设计尺寸之间的偏差,从而实现轨道板外形尺寸的快速检测。实验表明,与常规的检测手段相比,该方法具有检测精度高、速度快、检测结果稳定可靠、检测项目齐全等优点,具有良好的应用前景。     

稳健估计下转换参数系数矩阵定向改正的整体最小二乘

不同空间坐标系在进行坐标转换过程中,利用整体最小二乘(TLS)构建高斯-马尔科夫(Gauss-Markov)模型求解布尔莎-沃尔夫(Bursa-Wolf)七参数模型时,存在已知控制点含有粗差、模型系数阵固定常数参与残差改正的问题。通过对系数矩阵中含误差参数进行改正,并结合稳健估计的方法,对TLS进行迭代定权,解决了已知控制点粗差会对参数计算精度产生影响的问题,同时使得系数矩阵中非常数项得到精确的残差改正。本文通过实验数据证明,此方法可行并且解算精度更优。     

Structures and characteristics of the windy atmospheric boundary layer in the South China Sea region during cold surges

An observational analysis of the structures and characteristics of a windy atmospheric boundary layer during a cold air outbreak in the South China Sea region is reported in this paper. It is found that the main structures and characteristics are the same as during strong wind episodes with cold air outbreaks on land. The high frequency turbulent fluctuations(period<1 min) are nearly random and isotropic with weak coherency, but the gusty wind disturbances(1 min相似文献   

基于GIS的广西电网流域面雨量计算方法与监测预警

以广西电网直调水电厂所处的西江流域为研究对象,基于GIS技术,在对西江流域面雨量监测区域基础信息处理基础上,采用比较分析方法,开展分流域面雨量计算方法研究,结果表明:(1)以1:5万数字高程模型为数据基础,针对西江流域河网、自动气象站、水电站等分布特点,结合水系、等高线特征,沿水系分水岭对西江流域干流进行精细化分区,为分流域面雨量计算提供基础参数;(2)对分流域面雨量采用算术平均法与泰森多边形法计算,结果为两种方法计算结果偏差较小,取算术平均法为流域分区面雨量计算方法;(3)逐小时处理、计算面雨量实时数据,实现西江流域面雨量的实时监测与预警服务。     

High-pressure granulite from Western Kunlun,northwestern China: Its metamorphic evolution,zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages and tectonic implication

High-pressure mafic granulites occurring as lenticular bodies within garnet-amphibolites in Kangxiwar Fault have been first reported in this paper. The P-T conditions of two metamorphic stages were ob-tained using calibrated geothermal barometers and ThermoCalc Program. The peak metamorphic con-dition of these high-pressure granulites is about 760―820℃,1.0―1.2 GPa and the retrograde meta-morphic condition is about 620―720℃,0.7―0.8 GPa. The petrological studies show that they have a near-isobaric cooling P-T...     

Physical and chemical changes of water in the deep interior of the Earth—Decrepitation-style mud-volcano-earthquake—A bright lamp to shed light on the mysteries of the deep interior of the Earth

The 2008-05-12 Wenchuan mud-volcano-earthquake was accompanied with eruption of a huge volume of gas and stone, revealing that earthquakes generally result from instant reverse phase explosion of supercritical water (SCW) at the supercritical point. In the deep parts of the crust and mantle there still exists a large amount of supercritical water equivalent in order of magnitude to that of the Earth’s hydrosphere. Soft fluids which exist in the MOHO at the top of the upper mantle are the so-called deep supercritical fluids (SCWD). Supercritical water (SCW) has n×10³ times strong capability to dissolve gas. Its viscosity is extremely low and its diffusivity is extremely strong. Therefore, it can naturally migrate toward a region with relatively negative pressure. In the steep break zone of the MOHO at the 57–65 km depth beneath the earthquake belt, due to mutation of overburden pressure, SCWD can automatically separate out CaSiO₃ and other inorganic salts, evolving into the SCW (H₂O-CO₂-CH₄O system. In going upwards to the 10–20-km depth of the crust SCW will be accumulated as an earthquake-pregnant reservoir in the broken terrain. The phase-transition heat of SCW is estimated at 606.62 kJ/kg and the reverse phasing kinetic energy is 2350.8 kJ/kg. When automatic exhaust at the time of decompression reaches the critical pressure (Pc), the instant explosion reverse phase will be normal-state air water. It will release a huge volume of energy and high-kinetic-energy gas which has been expanded by a factor of 1000, leading to the breaking of the country rocks overlying the earthquake-pregnant reservoir, thus giving rise to a Ms 8.0 earthquake. As a result, there were formed eruptive and air-driven (pneumatic) debris flows whose volumatric flow rate reaches n×10¹⁴ m³/s, and their force greatly exceeds the power of INT explosive of the same equivalent value.     

利用地震偏移剖面解释岩浆岩的方法分析

在吉林敦化黑石煤炭资源赋存区,岩浆岩发育,煤层较大范围内受到岩浆岩侵蚀,岩浆岩侵蚀部位在地震剖面上差异十分明显,利用二维地震方法,对水平和偏移时间剖面特征进行分析和解释,就可确定其分布范围及位置。     

我国二氧化碳排放的区域分析

利用我国能源统计数据,对我国及各省区的CO2排放总量、排放强度、人均排放量和排放密度进行了计算.通过分析发现我国CO2排放具有较为明显的东西部差异,总体表现为东部发达省区排放总量大、排放强度低、人均排放多、排放密度高的特点,而中西部尤其是西部地区则表现出相反的特征.在分析我国CO2排放区域特征的基础上,分析出现以上地域差异的主要原因,并针对区域减排行动可能存在的问题进行了探讨,提出以省区为单位,降低排放强度可以取得实际的、可跟踪的减排效果,但需要考虑到全国各省区在功能定位、减排成本、资源环境条件等方面的差别,以及建立基于技术与资金合作的联合减排机制的可行性和障碍等因素.