南堡油田保持中深层泥页岩井壁稳定钻井液研究

在南堡油田中深层钻井过程中,东二、东三、沙一段泥页岩的剥落掉块经常造成井壁坍塌掉块、钻具阻卡、电测遇阻等井下复杂情况。分析了中深层泥页岩的理化特性,研究探讨了泥页岩的坍塌机理。在此基础上,提出了选用强封堵抑制型钻井液是有效抑制中深层泥页岩剥落掉块的根本措施。这一研究成果对于在南堡油田中深层开发工程中提高钻速、减少井下复杂情况发生具有重要意义。     

华南地区港口体系与功能分化对海南洋浦 自贸港建设的启示

中国华南沿海地区地处海上丝绸之路的必经之地,其周边港口的航运网络及其临港产业的建设对推进跨区域的社会文化活动和经济合作具有重要意义。通过对比分析海南洋浦港与中国华南地区9个典型港口的航运网络特征及其临港区产业类型可以发现：（1）洋浦港目前的集装箱吞吐量及其市场占有率还比较少,2020年集装箱吞吐量为101.93万TEU,仅占整个华南地区10个典型港口比重的1.25%,并且仅与地区内的钦州港、新加坡港、胡志明港有较高航运频次。洋浦港在航线布局上,亟待向香港港、广州港和深圳港靠齐,提升中国在环南海区域的“近洋”布局并不断推动洲际“远洋”航线地开通;（2）洋浦港临港区域企业数量由2005年的326个增加至1461个,在区域港口中总占比由2005年0.18%提升至2015年0.47%。但各企业分布密度均较其他港区小。其中直接涉海的海运装卸业与跨境物流产业数量都较少;依存产业建设方面目前主要依托于渔业的发展,其他船舶制造业、建筑工程业也较少;与港务相关的服务业中,洋浦港提供的服务类型也较少,主要集中为零售业,缺少海运保险和海洋金融等服务业类型。因此,海南港口在高质量发展的新常态下,需要从业务“多元化”向区域“基地化”实现转型发展,即要注重与华南地区典型港口之间的相互“交流”以及港口与临港区产业经济活动之间的互动,逐步形成优势互补、分工合理、相互协作、竞争有序的沿海港口群体。     

1980-2010年安徽省土壤有机碳密度及储量时空变化分析

利用安徽省第二次土壤普查资料和2010-2011年土壤调查数据,运用GIS技术,研究1980-2010年安徽省表层（0~20 cm）和1 m土体中土壤有机碳（SOC）密度和储量的时空变化,并探讨土地利用变化对SOC储量变化的影响。研究表明：① 1980-2010年安徽省表层和1 m土体中SOC密度平均减少0.37 kg/m²和1.63 kg/m²,但耕地的SOC密度增加。② 1980-2010年,全省SOC密度空间变化呈现北增南减的趋势,且增加幅度由北向南依次减小。表层和1 m土体的SOC密度增加的面积为56.97%和58.21%。③ 1980-2010年,全省表层SOC储量减少34.23×10⁹ kg,1 m土体中SOC储量减少197.26×10⁹ kg。淮北平原、江淮丘陵岗地和沿江平原的SOC储量增加,皖西大别山区和皖南丘陵山区减少。④ 非耕地转换为耕地,比保持用地类型不变或变为其他非耕地类型,SOC密度和储量减少较慢。耕地类型内部转换（水田和旱地间转换）比保持类型不变的SOC密度和储量增加较多。研究成果为区域土壤固碳潜力、土壤肥力变化等研究提供科学依据。     

青海省气象灾害的若干气候特征分析

利用1984-2007年气象灾害资料, 分析了青海省各类气象灾害的发生机率及时空分布特征.冰雹、 暴雨洪涝、 雪灾、 干旱和雷电及霜冻是青海省主要气象灾害, 连阴雨、 大风、 沙尘暴、 冻害、 渍涝、 高温、 龙卷风、 大雾为青海次要气象灾害.在地域分布上, 海南州和海东地区是青海气象灾害多发和危害严重地区; 玉树州和果洛州属于气象灾害发生较少和危害较轻地区.就行政县域而言, 西宁市湟中县、 海南州兴海县、 贵德县为青海气象灾害多发县, 果洛州班玛县、 久治县、 玉树州治多县则是青海省气象灾害较少和危害较轻县份.年内5-6月出现的气象灾害种类最多, 4-9月份是气象灾害高发期.在1984-2007年间, 暴雨洪涝、 冰雹、 雷电灾害发生次数呈增多趋势, 其他灾害发生次数增多趋势不甚明显.     

基于地理探测器的喀斯特不同地貌形态类型区土壤侵蚀定量归因（英文）

The formation mechanism and influencing factors identification of soil erosion are the core and frontier issues of current research. However, studies on the multi-factor synthesis are still relatively lacked. In this study, the simulation of soil erosion and its quantitative attribution analysis have been conducted in different geomorphological types in a typical karst basin based on the RUSLE model and the geodetector method. The influencing factors, such as land use type, slope, rainfall, elevation, lithology and vegetation cover, have been taken into consideration. Results show that the strength of association between the six influencing factors and soil erosion was notably different in diverse geomorphological types. Land use type and slope were the dominant factors of soil erosion in the Sancha River Basin, especially for land use type whose power of determinant(q value) for soil erosion was much higher than other factors. The q value of slope declined with the increase of relief in mountainous areas, namely it was ranked as follows: middle elevation hill> small relief mountain> middle relief mountain. Multi-factors interactions were proven to significantly strengthen soil erosion, particularly for the combination of land use type with slope, which can explain 70% of soil erosion distribution. It can be found that soil erosion in the same land use type with different slopes(such as dry land with slopes of 5° and above 25°) or in the diverse land use types with the same slope(such as dry land and forest with a slope of 5°), varied much. These indicate that prohibiting steep slope cultivation and Grain for Green Project are reasonable measures to control soil erosion in karst areas. Based on statistics of soil erosion difference between diverse stratifications of each influencing factor, results of risk detector suggest that the amount of stratification combinations with significant difference accounted for 55% at least in small relief mountain and middle relief mountainous areas. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion and its influencing factors in different geomorphological types should be investigated to control karst soil loss more effectively.     

Overview of Ecological Restoration Technologies and Evaluation Systems

Ecological degradation is a global problem, and ecological restoration technologies have played and will continue to play an important role in its mitigation. However, the lack of systematic research and evaluations of ecological technologies has thus far affected their effective application in vulnerable ecological regions. This study therefore provides an overview of the main technologies for remediating soil and water erosion, desertification, and rock desertification in China and throughout the world. It addresses key issues and recommends approaches for evaluating ecological restoration technologies. Restoration technology emerged as early as 1800. Over the years such technology has changed from single objective applications to multi-purpose, multi-objective applications employing strategies that take into account ecosystem rehabilitation and integrated ecological and socioeconomic development. Along with this technological evolution, different countries have taken pertinent actions as part of their restoration initiatives. However, key issues remain, including the lack of location-specific restoration technologies and a methodological strategy to assess and prioritize existing technologies. This study proposes a four-level analytical hierarchical framework in conjunction with an indicator system that highlights the establishment and adaptation of associative indicators, while also recommending a three-phase evaluation method (TheMert), targeting TheMert to qualitative (quick and extensive) and quantitative (detailed) evaluations in order to select the most appropriate restoration technologies available. This study can also be used as a basis for understanding the evaluation and prioritization of restoration technologies, while increasing the awareness of decision makers and the public on the role of technology in restoring degraded ecosystems.     

基于释光测年的福建晋江海岸沙丘粒度记录的风沙活动

采用OSL测年技术对福建晋江海岸沙丘剖面(SHA) 进行加密采样测年和粒度分析,初步确定了研究区近1000a 以来海岸沙丘发育的主要时段,以OSL测年值为基础,在统一时间标尺上综合对比东亚季风变化序列和福建沿海地区台风登陆记录,探讨了控制研究区海岸沙丘发育的主要因素.研究表明：(1) SHA沙丘表现为典型的海岸风成砂特征,海岸沙丘沉积后受风力侵蚀和后期化学风化作用的影响,粒径变粗,分选性变差,各粒级组分和粒度参数特征发生较大变化;(2) 近1000a 以来晋江海岸带海岸沙丘发育可划分为3 个时期,分别为AD1050~1300、AD1470~1600、AD1720~1950,尤其是小冰期(LIA),海岸风沙活动强烈,海岸沙丘发育盛行;(3) 近千年来区域降水量、海平面和台风强度变化与研究区海岸沙丘发育之间的关系尚不明确,而冬季风强度对海岸沙丘发育的影响明显,即海岸风沙活动期主要对应冬季风较强时期,但近50 年来海岸风沙活动较弱除了主要受冬季风减弱影响外,主要与人类经济活动所造成的地表覆被条件发生变化有关.     

兰州银滩湿地区域生态经济价值评估

通过分析人工湿地的生态系统服务功能,阐述了黄河湿地生物多样性保护与水文调控生态功能区的重要性,计算了兰州银滩湿地的固碳释氧、空气质量调节、水源涵养和科研文化四项核心生态经济价值。结果表明：银滩湿地核心生态经济价值理论值为1 623.7万元,其中固碳释氧和科研文化价值实现率较高,分别为324.88万元和11.53万元。但现状水分供给、生态结构方面尚存在不合理之处,通过合理配置树草种构成,优化引水渠道等措施,该湿地将发挥更大的生态经济效益。     

基于EBA模型的中国碳排放稳健性影响因素研究

依据环境经济学理论,运用极值边界分析（the extreme bounds analysis, EBA）模型,拓展了Kaya恒等式,利用中国30个省际区域2001~2010年的面板数据,实证研究中国省际区域人均碳排放量“稳健性”的影响因素。结果表明,地方财政决算支出、产业结构、能源效率、能源消费结构、能源价格、客运量等6个因素对中国人均碳排放量具有抗干扰的“稳健性”显著影响,并根据实证结论提出了一些政策建议,如调整产业结构,控制高碳产业发展;优化能源消费结构,积极发展新能源和可再生能源;发展循环经济开发清洁技术,提高能源利用效率;提倡低碳生活,提倡低碳生活方式。这些建议为政府制定环境保护与经济发展政策提供经验证据和决策参考。     

杭州城市生活质量的定量评价

以乡镇、街道为基本空间统计单元,选取人口密度、住宅基准地价、大专以上学历人口比重为社会经济指标,建设用地比重、NDVI、地表温度为生物物理指标,采用主成分分析和GIS叠加法,定量评价了杭州城市生活质量的空间分布状况。结果表明：NDVI和地表温度 (相关系数r = -0.63)、城镇用地比重 (相关系数r = -0.83) 呈明显的负相关,地表温度和城镇建设用地是影响杭州“绿色环境”两个的最重要因素。NDVI和住宅基准地价 (r = -0.66)、大学毕业生比例 (相关系数r = -0.59)、人口密度 (相关系数r = -0.29) 也呈较明显的负相关,“绿色环境”并未成为高学历人群和高收入家庭的主要决定因素,较繁华或较便利地段仍是高学历人群和高收入家庭选择居住环境的首要选择。高生活质量值 (前20%) 区域主要位于分布于城市中心区,即杭州上城区、下城区及西湖区的部分单元,而郊区的生活质量相对较低。