加强农村供水建设促进水资源可持续利用

建设农村供水工程,配置恒压变频设备,实行一户一表、以量计征的管理办法是降低耗能和取水成本,提高供水标准,增强群众节水意识的有效措施.介绍了沧州市农村供水现状及存在问题,提出了解决措施.     

Permo-Carboniferous coal measures in the Qinshui basin: Lithofacies paleogeography and its control on coal accumulation

The Qinshui basin in southeastern Shanxi Province is an important base for coalbed methane exploration and production in China. The methane reservoirs in this basin are the Carboniferous and Permian coals. Their thickness is strongly controlled by the depositional environments and the paleogeography. In this paper, sedimentological research was undertaken on the outcrop and borehole sections of the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations in the Qinshui basin and the basin-wide lithofacies paleogeography maps for these two formations have been reconstructed. The Taiyuan Formation is composed of limestones, aluminous mudstones, siltstones, silty mudstones, sandstones, and mineable coal seams, with a total thickness varying from 44.9 m to 193.48 m. The coal seams have a thickness ranging between 0.10 and 16.89 m, averaging 7.19 m. During the deposition of the Taiyuan Formation, the northern part of the basin was dominated by a lower deltaic depositional system, the central and southern parts were dominated by a lagoon environment, and the southeastern corner was occupied by a carbonate platform setting. Coal is relatively thick in the northern part and the southeastern corner. The Shanxi Formation consists of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, and coals, with the limestones being locally developed. The thickness of the Shanxi Formation is from 18.6 m to 213.25 m, with the thickness of coal seams from 0.10 to 10 m and averaging 4.2 m. During the deposition of the Shanxi Formation, the northern part of the Qinshui basin was mainly dominated by a lower deltaic plain distributary channel environment, the central and southern parts were mainly an interdistributary bay environment, and the southeastern part was occupied by a delta front mouth bar environment. The thick coals are distributed in the central and southern parts where an interdistributary bay dominates. It is evident that the thick coal zones of the Taiyuan Formation are consistent with the sandstone-rich belts, mainly located in the areas of the northern lower deltaic plain and southeastern barrier bar environments, whereas the thick coal zones of the Shanxi Formation coincide with the mudstone-rich belts, located in the areas of the central and southern interdistributary bay environments. Translated from Journal of Palaeogeography, 2006, 8(1): 43–52 [译自: 古地理学报]     

面向CORS的精密定位服务中间件平台的设计

目前，卫星定位连续运行参考站网相关技术的应用与研究是测绘界研究的热点之一，国内外各类CORS正相继建立。本文针对CORS服务体系的数据共享和服务共享问题，从软件工程角度对CORS的数据采集、处理、计算、分发、服务等方面作了进一步梳理，建立了较完备的网络体系和软件体系模型，提供了一个较完备的面向CORS的中间件平台设计思路。本文的设计成果和实践，可有效地改善当前CORS领域软件开发现状中软件和研究成果保密、软件功能单一、无统一的开发标准和架构模型等问题，具有一定的实用价值。     

三维激光扫描技术在边坡移动监测中的应用

三维激光扫描技术以其准确、动态、实时、高精度、免接触以及可获得空间三维数据等技术特点和优势,成为测绘最新的一项应用技术[1]。本文主要介绍了三维激光扫描技术在滑坡(边坡移动)的监测和治理中的应用。并对其扫描精度进行分析,得出三维激光扫描技术可以代替传统测量技术应用与滑坡监测中,并对其要点进行了总结。     

互联网众源照片的三维重建定位技术

随着电子产品的普及和互联网发展,人们习惯性地将照片上传到主流图片分享网站和社交媒体。这些照片很多都没有地理坐标或者仅有模糊的位置信息。如果互联网上任意来源的电子照片能被恢复出真实地理位置,它们将可以应用在城市建设、城市景观分析和犯罪追踪等很多方面。本文提出了一种互联网众筹照片的三维重建定位技术,该技术将结构化组织的街景数据作为参考数据集,使用三步走策略：图像检索粗定位、图像匹配细筛选和三维重建精定位,来给不明来源的众筹照片附上精确的地理标签。本文通过摄影测量原理恢复待查询照片周围的三维空间信息,较之前Zamir和Shah的方法,定位精度中值从256.7 m提升到69.0 m,平均值从350.4 m提升到206.0 m,在50 m精度要求下的照片数量占比从17.2%提升到43.2%。另一个发现是在重建误差成因方面,待查询照片的相机距离主拍摄目标越近,定位总误差越小。本文所提出的照片定位技术提供了灵活的参数,使其应用范围不仅仅局限于小区域,也可以扩大至城市、国家尺度。     

动态EIV模型及其总体卡尔曼滤波方法

针对求解动态EIV模型时未考虑状态方程中状态转移矩阵误差的问题,本文建立了一种能够同时顾及状态方程和观测方程中各量误差的动态EIV模型。推导了针对该动态EIV模型的总体卡尔曼滤波方法及其近似精度评定公式。对比分析了本文总体卡尔曼滤波方法与已有总体卡尔曼滤波方法及总体最小二乘方法的异同。算例结果表明,本文方法统计上要优于标准卡尔曼滤波方法和已有的总体卡尔曼滤波方法。     

Causes of the Extreme Hot Midsummer in Central and South China during 2017:Role of the Western Tropical Pacific Warming

This study investigates why an extreme hot midsummer occurred in Central and South China(CSC) during 2017. It is shown that the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) was abnormally intensified and westward-extending,resulting in anomalous high pressure and consequent extreme heat over CSC. The abnormal WNPSH was favored by the warming of the western tropical Pacific(WTP), which was unrelated to ENSO and manifested its own individual effect.The WTP warming enhanced the convection in-situ and led to anomalous high pressure over CSC via a local meridional circulation. The influence of the WTP was confirmed by CAM4 model experiments. A comparison between the 2017 midsummer and 2010 midsummer(with a stronger WNPSH but weaker extreme heat) indicated that the influence of the WNPSH on extreme heat can be modulated by the associated precipitation in the northwestern flank.The role of the WTP was verified by regression analyses on the interannual variation of the WTP sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA). On the other hand, the WTP has undergone prominent warming during the past few decades, resulting from decadal to long-term changes and favoring extreme warm conditions. Through a mechanism similar to the interannual variation, the decadal to long-term changes have reinforced the influence of WTP warming on the temperature over CSC,contributing to the more frequent hot midsummers recently. It is estimated that more than 50% of the temperature anomaly over CSC in the 2017 midsummer was due to the WTP warming, and 40% was related to the decadal to long-term changes of the WTP SSTA.     

藏东冻土区滑坡形变时序InSAR监测分析

受气候暖湿化和冻融作用的影响,近年来西藏东部地区的山体滑坡多发频发,对人民生命财产安全造成严重威胁,制约了当地经济社会发展,因此,迫切需要利用有效手段对滑坡灾害隐患开展大范围调查与早期识别。以藏东317国道矮拉山地区为例,利用小基线集时序InSAR（Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar）技术,分别对2017年3月—2019年7月期间Sentinel-1A SAR升、降轨数据集进行地表形变监测分析,获取了该地区滑坡体隐患的分布情况,并讨论了滑坡历史形变演化特征及成因。结果表明：大部分区域较为稳定,滑坡隐患主要集中在山谷两侧,升降轨InSAR提高了滑坡监测识别的准确性和覆盖度;冻融滑坡形变过程与降雨型滑坡存在差异,呈现平稳期和失稳期交替出现的季节性变化特征;形变过程主要受冻融和降雨影响,两者共同作用加速坡体变形。实验结果验证了InSAR技术能够有效弥补传统监测手段的不足,可在高山冻土区滑坡隐患早期识别与监测防治中发挥重要作用。     

中国近海裂陷盆地始新世构造变革的厘定及地质意义:以北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷为例

为明确始新世构造变革事件在中国近海盆地的表现形式和空间展布范围,揭示其动力学成因,以北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷为例,利用最新的地质资料,对始新世构造变革界面进行了精细厘定.结果表明:盆地在始新世中、晚期经历了裂陷作用南北转变、断裂体系转型、地层挠曲变形和沉积-沉降中心迁移等构造转换过程;始新世构造变革的发生与周缘板块重组所诱导的区域应力场南北向转变有密切的动力学成因联系,尤其是与太平洋板块俯冲方向转变和印度-欧亚板块强烈碰撞紧密相关;该构造事件的发生,揭示了中国近海裂陷盆地演化具有统一性与差异性共存、继承性与改造性同在、伸展性和走滑性叠加的特点,其深刻影响了成藏要素的耦合匹配关系,深部优质烃源岩与浅部走滑相关构造的配置决定了油气优势成藏部位.      

西藏隆子县那嘎迪金多金属矿地质特征及找矿潜力

那嘎迪金多金属矿是近年来通过区域地质调查新发现的金多金属矿床,其矿化带受断裂构造控制。文章在简要介绍区域成矿地质背景后,通过分析矿区及矿体的地质特征、1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学特征、1∶1万土壤地球化学特征、1∶1万物探视电阻率联合剖面和激电中梯剖面特征,结合遥感地质特征,综合分析认为那嘎迪金多金属矿区尚具有进一步找到金多金属矿体的潜力。