Adsorption Mechanism and Kinetic Characterization of Bituminous Coal under High Temperatures and Pressures in the Linxing‐Shenfu Area

The majority of coalbed methane(CBM) in coal reservoirs is in adsorption states in coal matrix pores. To reveal the adsorption behavior of bituminous coal under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and to discuss the microscopic control mechanism affecting the adsorption characteristics, isothermal adsorption experiments under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments and CO2 adsorption experiments were performed on coal samples. Results show that the adsorption capacity of coal is comprehensively controlled by the maximum vitrinite reflectance(Ro, max), as well as temperature and pressure conditions. As the vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption capacity of coal increases. At low pressures, the pressure has a significant effect on the positive effect of adsorption, but the effect of temperature is relatively weak. As the pressure increases, the effect of temperature on the negative effect of adsorption gradually becomes apparent, and the influence of pressure gradually decreases. Considering pore volumes of pores with diameters of 1.7-100 nm, the peak volume of pores with diameters 10-100 nm is higher than that from pores with diameters 1.7-10 nm, especially for pores with diameters of 40-60 nm, indicating that pores with diameters of 10-100 nm are the main contributors to the pore volume. The pore specific surface area shows multiple peaks, and the peak value appears for pore diameters of 2-3 nm, indicating that this pore diameter is the main contributor to the specific surface area. For pore diameters of 0.489-1.083 nm, the pore size distribution is bimodal, with peak values at 0.56-0.62 nm and 0.82-0.88 nm. The adsorption capability of the coal reservoir depends on the development degree of the supermicroporous specific surface area, because the supermicroporous pores are the main contributors to the specific pore area. Additionally, the adsorption space increases as the adsorption equilibrium pressure increases. Under the same pressure, as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption space increases. In addition, the cumulative reduction in the surface free energy increases as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases. Furthermore, as the pressure increases, the surface free energy of each pressure point gradually decreases, indicating that as the pressure increases, it is increasingly difficult to adsorb methane molecules.     

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Hekoulinchang Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit (73240 t) in Heilongjiang Province,China

The Hekoulinchang Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit(20000 t Sn at 0.27%,236 t Ag at 122.89 g/t,15000 t Pb at 0.84%,and 38000 t Zn at 1.43%)is located in the Wandashan Terrane of the easternmost segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The timing of Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic mineralization remains unclear due to a lack of precise isotope dating directly conducted on ore minerals.The authors herein report that the LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of cassiterite and zircon from the granite porphyry in the Hekoulinchang Sn-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit are 101.4±7.9 Ma and 115.4±1.0 Ma,respectively,indicating that Sn mineralization and magmatism occurred during the Early Cretaceous.The granite porphyry belongs to the subalkaline series peraluminous I-type granites that are depleted in Nb,Ta,and Ti and enriched in Rb,Th,U,and Pb.TheεHf(t)values of the granite porphyry range from 0.9 to 7.4,with an average of about 5.6 and two-stage model ages(T_DM2)of 705–1116 Ma,with an average age of 819 Ma.The ε_Nd(t)values of the apatites are–1.60–0.45,with an average of–0.9,and two-stage model ages(T_DM2)of 872–1040 Ma,with an average age of 983 Ma.The Nd-Hf isotope data indicate that the magma may have been derived from the partial melting of juvenile crustal material.     

煤中有机质二次生烃迟滞性及其反应动力学机制

采用自然成熟度系列与其预热残渣系列样品相结合方式, 通过热解模拟方法, 对煤中有机质二次生烃迟滞性显现特征和化学反应动力学机制进行了探讨.结果表明: 二次生烃起始成熟度增高, 二次生烃峰位成熟度呈规律性后移, 二次生烃作用“死线”位于R_o=4.0 %左右; 二次生烃峰位成熟度与起始成熟度之差随起始成熟度的增高呈抛物线式演化, 二次生烃的绝对迟滞性和相对迟滞性均呈阶段性演化, 由此可对二次生烃迟滞深度进行预测; 二次生烃半峰宽随起始成熟度呈阶段性演化, 暗示二次生烃起始成熟度位于生油高峰附近的烃源岩, 其生烃量可能相对较大.同时, 原始样品平均活化能的演化经历了4个阶段, 它们与热解生烃量及二次生烃迟滞性的阶段性演化特征高度吻合, 揭示出二次生烃作用严格受控于反应动力学的地球化学机制.      

川藏铁路通麦至鲁朗段地质构造对滑坡的控制作用分析

藏东南的喜马拉雅东构造结地区作为青藏高原隆升最快的地区之一,复杂的地质背景条件决定了该区工程地质问题的复杂性和特殊性,并孕育了多种地质灾害。文章通过遥感解译、无人机测绘以及野外现场调查,详细分析了喜马拉雅东构造结北西侧通麦至鲁朗段已有滑坡的发育特征,总结了地质构造对滑坡的控制作用,结果表明：（1）构造演化形成的高陡斜坡为滑坡形成提供地形条件,滑坡后缘的断裂破碎带,为雨水入渗提供通道,形成滑坡边界;（2）斜坡岩体中发育的贯通性构造节理为滑坡提供滑动条件和物质基础;（3）地震震动对岩体结构造成直接破坏,并诱发同震滑坡。多种构造作用的耦合造成了川藏铁路通麦至鲁朗段滑坡的高易发性,相关结果可为铁路修建过程的边坡灾害管控提供参考和支撑。     

高邮凹陷真武油田成藏期与动态成藏过程分析

真武油田位于苏北盆地东台拗陷高邮凹陷中南部,是苏北盆地目前已发现油田中最大的一个油田,油田开发时间长、含油面积大、油气富集程度高.该油田位于深凹带南部真2断裂下盘,邻近高邮生烃凹陷,油气主要分布在垛一段、戴二段和戴一段三个层段,阜一段也含油;储集层岩性多为细砂岩和不等粒砂岩.利用构造演化、原油特征与烃源岩演化、流体包裹...     

塔里木盆地古城墟隆起西端奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及预测

塔里木盆地古城墟隆起西端发现了多层奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层,深入分析其储层特征及形成机理,对油气勘探开发具有重要意义.为此利用该研究区内岩心和测井资料,对该区的奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层类型和特征进行了研究,发现该区存在多种储层类型.结合研究区的构造演化特征和岩溶系统的分析,并通过与塔河地区的储层进行对比认为储层的原生孔隙、裂缝是次生孔隙和形成的基础条件,而构造运动产生的裂缝是促进岩溶发育、控制储集体发育的关键因素,而古城墟隆起西端内幕岩溶型储层主要发育在6300 m以下.进一步应用振幅变化率、相干体分析等技术,有效预测了古城墟隆起西端的岩溶型碳酸盐岩储层发育区.     

准噶尔盆地西北缘及玛湖凹陷沉积储集层研究进展*

准噶尔盆地西北缘玛湖凹陷中心区10×10⁸ t级砾岩大油区的发现,带动了该区沉积储集层研究的不断深入。作者梳理了准噶尔盆地西北缘及玛湖凹陷的沉积储集层研究现状和进展,认为准噶尔盆地西北缘及玛湖凹陷的沉积储集层研究的进展主要表现为: (1)提出了新的砂砾岩储集层岩石相和岩石学分析方法;(2)探索形成了新的沉积储集层地球物理测井和地震描述技术;(3)针对不同层系,在沉积物源、沉积相、沉积环境、沉积体系和沉积模式等方面取得大量新认识,建立了大型退覆式浅水缓坡扇三角洲沉积模式,指导油气勘探不断获得新突破;(4)在成岩作用理论指导下,所发现的储集层埋藏深度不断增加。研究表明,玛湖凹陷的沉积体系具有继承性: 从二叠纪到新近纪,发育了火山—碎屑岩沉积体系、细粒—蒸发盐沉积体系以及粗粒冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲等沉积体系,气候、构造和湖平面变化控制了沉积体系的形成和演化。沉积储集层研究为玛湖砾岩大油田的发现提供了有力的理论支持。未来应当加强针对古老层系和深部地层的沉积储集层研究工作,重视新理论新技术在西北缘和玛湖沉积储集层研究中的应用,已经形成的理论技术需要在勘探实践中接受进一步检验和完善。     

河岸带生态系统管理研究概念框架及其关键问题

河岸带生态系统作为河流-陆地生态系统的生态过渡区,具有一系列的环境、社会和经济功能加以考虑。加强河岸带生态系统的资源、生态、环境管理,已成为流域生态学、生态系统生态学等学科研究的重要问题之一。在对国内外河岸带生态系统管理研究进展进行综述的基础上,从生态系统管理的角度出发,结合河岸带生态系统特征,界定了河岸带生态系统管理的概念及其要素。提出了河岸带生态系统管理的概念框架,主要从范围界定、问题诊断、目标设定、综合评价、管理策略、监测评估和反馈调整7个方面展开具体研究。识别出河岸带生态系统管理中的4个关键问题:①研究尺度问题;②河岸带管理宽度问题;③协调生态价值冲突问题;④国内河岸带生态系统管理问题,并对其进行了详细阐述,以期为国内开展相关研究提供参考。     

西南丘陵山地区农村居民点土地整理模式——以重庆渝北区为例

通过对样本区域农村居民点布局及土地利用特点的研究 ,从丘陵山地区的自然环境条件和社会经济发展水平的实际出发 ,提出两种土地整理模式 :一是农林综合开发整理模式 ,即居民点闲置土地的复垦利用与抛荒地利用结合 ,与山地区退耕还林等生态建设工程结合 ,进行退宅还林 ;二是新村建设整理模式 ,即由政府对新村统一规划 ,供给道路等基础设施 ,引导农民集中建房的“政府引导型”农村居民点整理模式 ,并对重庆市渝北区新春村的新村建设的运作和效益进行了实证分析。     

新全球动力学理论与成矿作用

成矿作用的本质是成矿流体子系统在统一地质 成矿场中与其它子系统在远离平衡系统的动态过程中所能达到平衡的程度。成矿物质的来源和矿床的富集部位都受新全球动力学理论 -涡旋甩出说以及由它所决定的抽拉构造和多重岩片的控制。