Diagnostic Analysis of the Quasi-Balanced Flow of a Mesoscale Vortex During the 12 June 2008 Guangxi Rainstorm

By using the high-resolution observation data and MM5 model simulation data, the analysis on the 12 June 2008 Guangxi flash-flood rainstorm shows that the associated major mesoscale weather system of this event is a quasi-stationary mesoscale vortex, which resulted from the interaction between the midlatitude synoptic-scale waves in the westerly belt and the low-latitude warm-moist flow under the terrain effect. The genesis, development, and movement of the mesoscale vortex have significant impacts on the intensity and persistence of the severe precipitation from the Guangxi flash-flood rainstorm. This vortex is characterized by the coexistence of strong vorticity and divergence with the same order of magnitude. Well organized, deep, and moist convection was observed for a long period of time, and was produced by the interaction between the mesoscale vortex and the gravity waves. The latter was generated by the terrain effect and the ageostrophic effect of high winds in the low-level jet. According to the quasi-balanced dynamical theory, quasi-balanced flow must have existed in the mesoscale motions with both divergent and rotational winds. Thus, based on the diagnosis of the quasi-balanced flow, the PV-ωinversion method is employed to analyze the organized moist convection. The results show that 50%-70% of the vertical circulation in the rainstorm areas was quasi-balanced, so the quasi-balanced flow could well reflect features of the strong vertical motions associated with the coexistence of vorticity and divergence during this event.     

毫米波测云雷达的系统定标和探测能力研究

毫米波测云雷达是中国自主研制的一部双线偏振全相干8.6 mm波长的测云雷达.本文在介绍该雷达系统的参数和技术特点的同时;重点阐述了厂家用外接仪表对该雷达天线系统、发射机系统以及接收机系统等硬件参数进行测试的方法,检验了雷达回波功率动态范围的定标和测量参数的定标结果;并从理论计算,配合试验区域内另外两部10cm波长的天气...     

A 35-GHz Polarimetric Doppler Radar and Its Application for Observing Clouds Associated with Typhoon Nuri

Millimeter-wavelength radar has proved to be an effective instrument for cloud observation and research. In this study, 8-mm-wavelength cloud radar (MMCR) with Doppler and polarization capabilities was used to investigate cloud dynamics in China for the first time. Its design, system specifications, calibration, and application in measuring clouds associated with typhoon are discussed in this article. The cloud radar measurements of radar reflectivity (Z), Doppler velocity (Vr), velocity spectrum width (Sw) and the depolar-ization ratio (LDR) at vertical incidence were used to analyze the microphysical and dynamic processes of the cloud system and precipitation associated with Typhoon Nuri, which occurred in southern China in August 2008. The results show the reflectivity observed using MMCR to be consistent with the echo height and the melting-layer location data obtained by the nearby China S-band new-generation weather radar (SA), but the Ka-band MMCR provided more detailed structural information about clouds and weak precipitation data than did the SA radar. The variation of radar reflectivity and LDR in vertical structure reveals the transformation of particle phase from ice to water. The vertical velocity and velocity spectrum width of MMCR observations indicate an updraft and strong turbulence in the stratiform cloud layer. MMCR provides a valuable new technology for meteorological research in China.     

A Comparative Analysis of Primary and Extreme Characteristics of Dry or Wet Status between Asia and North America

In this study, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was used to analyze the average and extreme dry/wet states of Asia and North America from 1953 to 2003. The results indicate that the two continents underwent drying trends during this period. Compared with North America, Asia showed more severe drought trends. However, more significant and regular seasonal variation for drought was found in North America. The driest regions in Asia were located in the northern region of China, Mongolia, and eastern mid-Siberian plateau. Most regions in central North America were relatively wetter than other regions. The northern and southwestern regions of North America, as well as the Atlantic and Pacific coastal areas, experienced the most drought during this period. A sharp increase of the drought area and the number of extreme drought events took place from 1997 to 2003 in both Asia and North America. Severe drought events were more likely to occur during the summer on both continents. Asia had the most extreme drought events during July, but North America reached its highest drought frequency from June to September. In Asia, a persistent increasing trend of extreme drought emerged throughout the studied period. However, a more complex evolution of drought emerged in North America: a decreasing trend appeared before the mid-1960s and an increasing trend appeared after the late 1970s. A relatively steady dry/wet status was observed between the mid-1960s and the late 1970s. The role of exceptional, extreme drought events with respect to the La Nin?a event was considered during 1997–2003.     

Seismic failure modeling of concrete dams considering heterogeneity of concrete

Study on the failure process of high concrete dams subjected to strong earthquakes is crucial to reasonable evaluation of their seismic safety. Numerical simulation in this aspect involves dynamic failure analysis of big bulk concrete dam subjected to cyclic loading. The Rock Failure Process Analysis (RFPA) proposed by C.A. Tang, with successful applications to failure modeling of rock and concrete specimens mainly subjected to static loading, is extended for this purpose. For using the proposed model, no knowledge on the cracking route needs to be known beforehand, and no remeshing is required. Simulation of the whole process of elastic deformation, initiation and propagation of microcracks, severe damage and ultimate failure of concrete dams in earthquakes with a unified model is enabled. The model is verified through a shaking table test of an arch dam. Finally a practical gravity dam is employed as a numerical example. Considering the uncertainty in ground motion input and concrete material, typical failure process and failure modes of gravity dam are presented. Several small cracks may occur due to tension particularly at dam neck, dam faces and dam heel, and a few of them evolve into dominant ones. Relatively smaller earthquake may cause damage to the dam neck while a bigger one may bring on cracks at lower parts of the dams. Cracking at the dam bottom may incline to a direction almost perpendicular to the downstream face after propagating horizontally for a certain distance when the shaking is strong enough.     

Broadband Analytical Solution to the Scattering of Plane SV Waves by Circular Cylindrical Canyons

Based on Fourier-Bessel series expansion of wave functions,an analytical solution to 2-D scattering ofincident plane SV waves by circular cylindrical canyons with variable depthto-width ratios is deduced in this paper. Unlike other analytical solutions,this paper uses the asymptotic behavior of the cylindrical function to directly define the undetermined coefficients of scattered waves,thus,avoiding solving linear equation systems and the related numerical computation problems under high-frequency incident waves,thereby broadening the applicable frequency range of analytical solutions. Through comparison with existing analytical solutions,the correctness of this solution is demonstrated. Finally, the incident plane SV wave scattering effect under circular cylindrical canyons in wider frequency bands is explored.     

小波分析在T梁结构损伤识别中的应用研究

为了提高结构损伤识别的精确度和适用性,将小波分析引入到结构损伤识别中.本文介绍了梁结构在完好状态与损伤状态下振动测试加速度差的理论分析,证明了小波分析加速度差应用于桥梁结构损伤检测的可行性.然后以小波分析为工具,在桥梁结构不同损伤状态下,以移动荷载作用下各节点的加速度时程曲线差为研究对象,来识别结构的损伤状态.并通过试...     

山东数字地震台网定位子台网 选取对定位结果的影响

选取山东及邻区4个不同区域的地震,分析“定位子台网”分布对地震定位精度的影响,研究“定位子台网”的选取规则.探讨两种台站分布情况下定位偏差、水平误差、拟合残差随空隙角、近台距离、远台距离的变化;定位偏差及水平误差与拟合残差的关系.结果显示,速报时选择4-9个分布相对合理的“定位子台网”参加定位,结果较好,使用水平误差估...     

数字倾斜仪资料质量跟踪与映震效能研究

通过跟踪分析湖州地震台数字化水管倾斜仪和垂直摆倾斜仪连续2年的资料质量,发现水管倾斜仪观测精度高于垂直摆倾斜仪,并且资料稳定性逐年提高。从映震效能看,水管倾斜仪同震响应幅度远大于垂直摆,水管倾斜仪的自振周期远大于垂直摆倾斜仪而接近远震面波的周期,形成谐振,但两者的同震响应时间相当。     

基于小波分析的闽台地区地震形变异常研究

在孕震过程的不同阶段,可能会有长、中、短期前兆异常表现.为揭示闽台地区几次中强地震前不同时期的异常形态,对福建省数字化形变观测资料日均值、整点值和分钟值时序数据进行小波分析,结果发现:在强震前2～3年出现周期2年左右的异常信号;在中强地崖前2～5个月出现周期1个月左右的异常信号;在震前几天至十几天则出现周期半小时至1小...