桂林地区古人类演化及环境变迁研究

桂林地区曾是古人类活动活跃的地区,据可以断代的古人类洞穴遗址统计,发现桂北地区大部分的洞穴遗址其年代的下限都在距今约7 000 a左右,此后古人类离开了洞穴,史前文化也随之发生了重要改变.影响古人类演化的因素有很多,究竟是什么原因驱使古人类离开洞穴,改变生活习性,这一问题一直都是困扰考古学界的难题.本文通过研究桂北地区洞穴遗址的堆积特点,结合洞穴沉积-堆积物的特征及其孢粉记录的古气候信息,探讨了季风气候变化对桂林地区古气候变化的影响作用和气候演变历史,揭示了桂林地区全新世以来的季风气候变化时间序列和突变事件以及对古人类生存环境的影响.距今7 000 a左右为中全新世气候适宜期,东亚夏季风强盛,气温升高,桂林地区的降雨增多,一方面由于地下河水位升高,淹没了穴居洞穴,其次是由于降雨增多,导致洞穴湿度增大,从而迫使古人类搬出洞穴.     

CBERS-02卫星数据大气校正的快速算法

研究中巴资源卫星CBERS-02卫星数据大气校正的快速算法。首先假设地表为朗伯体，利用MODTRAN4．0软件模拟大气状况，讨论了不同地表反射率对大气校正参数的影响；然后计算出大气校正参数，生成查找表，根据CBERS卫星图像的不同情况确定不同的大气校正参数，从而对整幅图像进行大气校正。最后，利用核驱动模型对地表进行BRDF校正。     

冲绳海槽地区地壳结构与岩石层性质研究

用冲绳海槽地区地质、地球物理、地球化学数据与资料，对横跨大陆边缘—大洋板块的中国东部—冲绳海槽—琉球岛弧地区进行综合研究. 根据地震体波、面波成像结果，空间与布格重力异常及磁力异常的综合解释等结果，利用调和系数法对该研究区的地壳厚度进行了计算，并对地壳属性进行分析. 同时，选择中国东部东北地区的宽甸、华北地区的汉诺坝、华南的闵溪和台湾海峡的澎湖列岛与冲绳海槽和日本岛弧的新生代玄武岩开展元素—同位素对比研究. 结果认为冲绳海槽岩石层明显减薄，上地幔低速层已达到莫霍面，在地幔中已形成交代软流层. 元素—同位素研究表明：它不同于中国东部，与琉球岛弧地区的特点也不相同. 综合分析认为：冲绳海槽地壳属于过渡型地壳，与大洋地壳的许多特点颇为相似.     

IPCC AR6报告解读：地球能量收支、气候反馈和气候敏感度

文中对IPCC第六次评估报告（AR6）第一工作组（WGI）报告的第七章关于地球能量收支、气候反馈和气候敏感度中的重要内容进行了凝练,并简要总结该方面的最新研究成果和结论。评估显示,自工业革命以来,人类活动造成的有效辐射强迫（ERF）为2.72 [1.96~3.48] W/m²,其中,均匀混合温室气体的贡献为3.32 [3.03~3.61] W/m²,气溶胶的贡献为-1.1 [-1.7~-0.4] W/m²。净的气候反馈参数为-1.16 [-1.81~-0.51] W/(m²∙℃),云仍然是气候反馈整体不确定性的最大来源。平衡态气候敏感度（ECS）和瞬态气候响应（TCR）可用于评估全球平均地表气温对强迫的响应,是衡量全球气候响应的有效手段。ECS和TCR的最佳估计分别为3.0 [2.0~5.0]℃和1.8 [1.2~2.4]℃。     

Modeling of water–rock interactions in an aquitard of sandy clay in the coastal area near Beihai,China

Unconsolidated sand, gravel and clay deposits near Beihai and in the Leizhou Peninsula in southern China form an unconfined aquifer, aquitard and a confined aquifer. Water and soil samples were collected from the two aquifers in the coastal Beihai area for the determination of chemical compositions, minerals and soluble ions. Hydrogeochemical modeling of three flow paths through the aquitard are carried out using PHREEQC to determine water–rock interactions along the flow paths. The results indicate that the dissolution of anorthite, fluorite, halite, rhodochrosite and CO₂, and precipitation of potash feldspar and kaolinite may be occurring when groundwater leaks through the aquitard from the unconfined aquifer to the confined aquifer. Cation exchanges between Na and Ca can also happen along the flow paths.     

对地裂缝地球物理勘察综合采集解释软件系统的可行性和需求的初步分析

运用软件工程的可行性、需求分析基本理论和方法，较为详细地对地裂缝地球物理勘察综合采集解释软件系统的经济可行性和技术可行性进行分析，并对该系统的需求从问题分析、需求描述、需求规格简要说明三个方面进行初步分析。证明了地裂缝地球物理勘察综合采集解释软件系统是可行的；地裂缝地球物理勘察综合采集解释软件系统的需求分析细化后形成的需求规格说明是可以预见的；本软件系统的市场潜力巨大，值得进一步研究分析。     

Effects of land use and cultivation time on soil organic and inorganic carbon storage in deep soils

The vertical distribution and exchange mechanisms of soil organic and inorganic carbon(SOC, SIC) play an important role in assessing carbon(C) cycling and budgets. However, the impact of land use through time for deep soil C(below 100 cm) is not well known. To investigate deep C storage under different land uses and evaluate how it changes with time, we collected soil samples to a depth of 500 cm in a soil profile in the Gutun watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP); and determined SOC, SIC, and bulk density. The magnitude of SOC stocks in the 0–500 cm depth range fell into the following ranking: shrubland(17.2 kg m~(-2)) grassland(16.3 kg m~(-2)) forestland(15.2 kg m~(-2)) cropland(14.1 kg m~(-2)) gully land(6.4 kg m~(-2)). The ranking for SIC stocks were: grassland(104.1 kg m~(-2)) forestland(96.2 kg m~(-2)) shrubland(90.6 kg m~(-2)) cropland(82.4 kg m~(-2)) gully land(50.3 kg m~(-2)). Respective SOC and SIC stocks were at least 1.6-and 2.1-fold higher within the 100–500 cm depth range, as compared to the 0–100 cm depth range. Overall SOC and SIC stocks decreased significantly from the 5 th to the 15 th year of cultivation in croplands, and generally increased up to the 70 th year. Both SOC and SIC stocks showed a turning point at 15 years cultivation, which should be considered when evaluating soil C sequestration. Estimates of C stocks greatly depends on soil sampling depth, and understanding the influences of land use and time will improve soil productivity and conservation in regions with deep soils.     

全张量磁梯度数据的斜导数特征值边界识别方法研究

本文提出了一种全张量磁梯度数据的斜导数边界识别方法,该方法利用全张量磁梯度数据定义了北向斜导数、东向斜导数和垂向斜导数.模型试验表明,北向和东向斜导数无法有效识别磁性异常体边界,异常形态复杂虚假异常较多,而垂向斜导数在高纬度斜磁化或者垂直磁化条件下可以清晰而准确得识别地质体的边界,具有一定的深度识别能力.与现有磁张量梯度的边界识别方法相比,识别效果好,可以有效均衡不同深度地质体的响应.将上述方法应用于大兴安岭地区实测航磁三分量数据转换得到的全张量数据,获得了研究区浅部磁性体的分布,并与三分量数据进行联合解释,取得良好的地质效果.

     

THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEA SURFACE WIND ALONG THE COAST OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE IN CHINA

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of sea surface wind in Guangdong''s coastal areas were analyzed with data from four offshore observational stations between 2012 and 2015. The results are shown as follows: (1) The probability distribution of wind speed was basically consistent with Gaussian distribution characteristics; winds of Beaufort force 6 or higher were observed mainly in far offshore stations from October to March. (2) The probability distribution of wind direction was represented well by Weibull distribution. The deviation of wind direction of far station was relatively small for it was mainly controlled by monsoon over the South China Sea, while the near offshore station had a relatively large diurnal variation because of the influence of local synoptic systems such as sea-land breeze. (3) There were significant seasonal differences in wind speed and direction observed by different offshore observational stations. In strong wind seasons, the deviation of wind direction was relatively small while the deviation of wind speed was relatively large, and vice versa. In contrast with Class I station, the other three stations exhibited approximately normal distribution of wind direction and wind speed deviations. (4) Wind direction diurnal variation was moderate in windy periods, while it was obvious in relatively lower speed conditions. The deviation of wind speed in windy periods was generally greater because it was influenced by mesoscale weather systems for 10-20 h, and the influence was complicated, resulting in greater local differences in wind speed.     

中国陆块海相盆地成钾条件与预测研究进展综述

中国古代海相钾盐找矿是一个“久攻不破”的难题,古代海相及海陆交互相盆地能否成钾也是长期争议的问题,也就是中国小陆块能否成钾、成大钾矿的关键问题。为此,本文以板块构造运动为主线,对中国主要小陆块漂移历史、成盆构造、古气候、古地理及海相/海陆交互相蒸发岩沉积特征进行了系统梳理和总结;在此基础上,基于盆地“构造-物源-气候”三要素耦合成钾理论,分析中国小陆块海相盆地成钾条件、成矿机理;同时,总结和借鉴全球海相钾盐成矿标志,建立钾盐成矿评价指标体系。基于这些研究基础,借助对主要陆块的区域构造和古地理特征、物质来源、古气候面貌等恢复及分析,对主要陆块的海相成钾潜力进行评价,同时预测找钾战略靶区。钾盐成矿模式研究表明:兰坪—思茅盆地白垩系、上扬子陆块四川盆地中—下三叠统、华北陆块陕北盆地中奥陶统及塔里木陆块库车盆地古近系等盆地及其层位具有较大的成钾潜力。结合成钾指标对比分析,优选圈定了思茅盆地南部、四川盆地中东部及塔里木的库车盆地等战略靶区内较为明确的重点靶区,可以进一步开展钻探验证。这些研究成果为在中国继续开展海相钾盐成矿研究和找钾提供科学依据。