面波勘探及其在沙漠地区表层地质结构调查中的应用

反射波地震勘探中面波常被视为干扰波而加以去除 ,但它却包含了丰富的有用地质信息 ;面波勘探在地形及地质条件复杂的沙漠地区浅层地质结构调查中独具优势。介绍了在新疆准噶尔沙漠地区应用面波勘探进行地层地质结构调查的技术方法及其成功实例。由于合理地选取了采集、处理参数 ,面波勘探深度超过 2 50 m,取得了满意的勘探效果。     

Influence of Land Use Change on Green and Blue Water Resources in Xixi Basin of Southeast China during 1970s–2018

Water Resources - As one of the factors affecting water resources, land use is influenced by humans and is of great significance to water resources management. This paper used SWAT model parameter...     

Evolution of the Southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass during the last 7 kyr from benthic foraminiferal evidence

The Southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) is closely related to the modern circulation system of the east China shelf seas, which has significantly influenced regional marine environmental changes. The study of the Holocene evolution of the YSCWM will greatly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of regional environmental change. Benthic foraminifera are sensitive to bottom water environmental changes and can serve as useful indicators in bottom water environmental reconstruction. In this study, benthic foraminifera were analyzed in core N02 from the northwestern margin of the southern Yellow Sea Mud to decipher the phase evolution of the YSCWM during the last 7 kyr. Benthic foraminifera census counts and Q-mode factor analysis indicate that the Holocene sedimentary environment can be divided into three stages: From6.9–5.0 ka, the fauna was dominated by Ammonia ketienziensis, indicating that the YSCWM was at its strongest during the last 7 kyr, while the Yellow Sea Coastal Current(YSCC) had a weak influence on the bottom water of the study area. From 5.0–2.9 ka,the relative abundance of Hanzawaia nipponica remarkably increased while the abundance of A. ketienziensis decreased significantly, reflecting that the strength of the YSCWM was relatively weak and the range of the YSCWM might have contracted. The influence of the YSCC on the bottom water might have slightly increased, although its influence was still weak during this time. A notable increase in low-temperature and low-salinity species, such as Protelphidium tuberculatum and Buccella spp. has occurred since 2.9 ka, indicating that the YSCC has had a strong influence on bottom water during this period,while the strength of the YSCWM has been at its weakest during the last 7 kyr. Generally, the influence of the YSCWM and the YSCC on the bottom water properties of the study area show an obvious seesaw pattern, with one's influence increasing while the other's influence decreases and vice versa. The fluctuations in the strength of YSCWM during the Holocene may be caused by the different effect allocations of regional climatic factors(i.e. El Ni?o Southern Oscillation, East Asian Winter Monsoon,summer insolation in the northern hemisphere, etc.) acting on the circulation system during different periods.     

Analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy of laboratory impacts on Stardust aluminum foils: Interpreting impact crater morphology and the composition of impact residues

Abstract— The known encounter velocity (6.1 kms^?1) and particle incidence angle (perpendicular) between the Stardust spacecraft and the dust emanating from the nucleus of comet Wild‐2 fall within a range that allows simulation in laboratory light‐gas gun (LGG) experiments designed to validate analytical methods for the interpretation of dust impacts on the aluminum foil components of the Stardust collector. Buckshot of a wide size, shape, and density range of mineral, glass, polymer, and metal grains, have been fired to impact perpendicularly on samples of Stardust Al 1100 foil, tightly wrapped onto aluminum alloy plate as an analogue of foil on the spacecraft collector. We have not yet been able to produce laboratory impacts by projectiles with weak and porous aggregate structure, as may occur in some cometary dust grains. In this report we present information on crater gross morphology and its dependence on particle size and density, the pre‐existing major‐ and trace‐element composition of the foil, geometrical issues for energy dispersive X‐ray analysis of the impact residues in scanning electron microscopes, and the modification of dust chemical composition during creation of impact craters as revealed by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Together, these observations help to underpin the interpretation of size, density, and composition for particles impacted on the Stardust aluminum foils.     

珠江三角洲地区地下水污染调查内容综述

地下水污染问题得到我国政府的高度重视,珠江三角洲地区地下水污染调查评价于2005年展开实施,简要综述该区地下水污染调查内容,主要包括：污染源调查、地下水污染现状调查、水土测试指标的选取以及采样点的控制等。     

统计信息与空间信息按地理格网集成的方法研究

统计信息是区域可持续发展中的重要信息资源,涵盖了人口、农业、工业、经济等各类数据。采用GIS技术,有效地实现统计信息与空间信息的集成管理是区域可持续发展的重要保证。本文在分析了GIS中常用的集成方法基础上,提出了通过统计信息的“空间化”实现两者集成的方法,并以人口为例,详细论述了通过“空间化”实现人口数据与空间数据的集成过程。通过这种集成,可以高效地利用GIS的分析功能实现统计信息的管理、分析、显示。     

Correlation between Solar Flare Productivity and Photospheric Magnetic Field Properties II. Magnetic Gradient and Magnetic Shear

With 1353 vector magnetograms observed at Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS), a statistical analysis is made on the relationship among solar flares, magnetic gradient, and magnetic shear. The results suggest that flare productivity has positive correlations with the gradient and the shear, which can be well fitted by the Boltzmann sigmoidal function. In the vicinity of neutral lines, high gradient and strong shear are roughly coincident in time but barely in position. In addition, flare productivity is more sensitive to the length of neutral lines with strong gradient and shear (L _gs) than independently with strong gradient (L _g) or strong shear (L _s), which means that L _gs can be a better parameter for solar flare forecasting models. Finally, an algorithm to evaluate projection effects on the statistical results is proposed.     

Effect of Earth''s solid tides on pulsar observations

It is shown that the effect of the solid tide in the Earth's crust is not negligible in the observed period changes ΔP/P and period rate changes of pulsars.     

Global Terrestrial Water Storage Changes and Connections to ENSO Events

Improved data quality of extended record of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravity solutions enables better understanding of terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations. Connections of TWS and climate change are critical to investigate regional and global water cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of global connections between interannual TWS changes and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, using multiple sources of data, including GRACE measurements, land surface model (LSM) predictions and precipitation observations. We use cross-correlation and coherence spectrum analysis to examine global connections between interannual TWS changes and the Niño 3.4 index, and select four river basins (Amazon, Orinoco, Colorado, and Lena) for more detailed analysis. The results indicate that interannual TWS changes are strongly correlated with ENSO over much of the globe, with maximum cross-correlation coefficients up to ~0.70, well above the 95% significance level (~0.29) derived by the Monte Carlo experiments. The strongest correlations are found in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in the Amazon, Orinoco, and La Plata basins. While both GRACE and LSM TWS estimates show reasonably good correlations with ENSO and generally consistent spatial correlation patterns, notably higher correlations are found between GRACE TWS and ENSO. The existence of significant correlations in middle–high latitudes shows the large-scale impact of ENSO on the global water cycle.     

近景图像序列线特征约束的建筑物立面重建

针对单纯利用近景图像序列点特征进行建筑物立面重建存在的问题,该文提出一种线特征约束下建筑物建模方法。首先利用运动恢复结构技术恢复相机参数和空间点云数据,并在此基础上利用多视图立体方法生成三维稠密点云;然后对图像序列进行基于梯度方向的边缘检测及顾及方向和长度的直线特征拟合;再利用多约束条件实现直线特征匹配及提取;最后基于三维点、线特征实现建筑物立面的三维重建。实验结果表明,该方法能有效利用近景图像序列点、线特征的优势互补重建建筑物的几何立面,更好地恢复建筑物立面的轮廓信息。