空间信息服务时态数据的管理与应用

本文面向当前空间信息应用的实际需求,以传统GIS为基础,研究建立实用的、易于实现的集矢量与栅格数据为一体的时空数据模型,增加GIS对时态属性的管理和操作。本文研究解决了时态拓扑构建的关键技术,采用面向对象方法开发了一套时态空间数据库管理系统,实现了时空数据的采集、存储、查询和显示,并以中国多个历史时期的行政界线为基础数据,进行了时空数据模型的应用研究,为TGIS发展探索了一条实用的技术路线。     

塔里木盆地及周缘南华系和震旦系划分对比研究

塔里木盆地及周缘南华系、震旦系广泛发育，是揭示前寒武纪重大地质事件的重要地区之一，然而其研究程度低于华南、华北地区。早期认为塔里木盆地及周缘南华系、震旦系可划分为哈尔克山、柯坪、库鲁克塔格、铁克里克及塔克拉玛干等五个分区，由于各分区研究程度及资料之间的差异较大，且近期盆地内部钻井揭示越来越多，地层划分对比问题逐渐突出，传统分区方案面临诸多挑战。综合地质、地震等多学科资料认为，塔里木南华纪原型盆地基底、充填过程、分布统一具有南北分异的特征，区域地层格架剖面显示南华纪-震旦纪原型盆地分布于中央古隆起南北两侧，表现出北强南弱的不同地震反射特征。因此，本文以原型盆地中南、北分异的特征为原则进行地层分区，大致以现今中央隆起带南缘为界，分为北部地层分区和南部地层分区。北部可划分为东北部库鲁克塔格地层小区和西部阿克苏地层小区，其中阿克苏地层小区包括原方案中柯坪、塔克拉玛干北部、哈尔克山分区；南部初步划分出铁克里克地层小区，具体有待完善。震旦纪末期，受柯坪运动"大继承、小改造"的演化模式影响，北部地层分区广泛发育下寒武统烃源岩。因此，塔里木盆地及周缘新元古界分区新方案既符合南北不同的超大陆动力学背景，又控制下寒武统烃源岩分布，理论意义与勘探意义明显。     

涟源凹陷泥盆纪佘田桥组沉积与地震相特征

涟源凹陷泥盆纪佘田桥组为台盆相间的海相沉积,盆地相为有利的页岩气富集区。目前对台盆相研究多依靠地质露头和少量测井资料,对台盆相地震相特征研究较少,从而制约着本区页岩气勘探进展。本文基于新采集的二维地震资料,从湘新地3井钻井岩心资料和测录井资料入手,通过对该井主要目的层的合成记录标定、目的层反射轴响应特征分析等工作,开展佘田桥组沉积相序划分及地震相特征分析。结果表明:泥盆纪佘田桥组台地相地震反射特征为不连续弱振幅杂乱-亚平行结构,盆地相地震反射特征为连续强振幅平行结构,并在此基础上利用地震相特征开展佘田桥组有利相区平面预测,明确了佘田桥组盆地相分布范围,为佘田桥组页岩气勘探提供部署依据。     

旅游电子商务在旅游业中的应用前景

随着计算机网络技术在商务活动中的应用，旅游电子商务成为当今旅游业发展的关键所在。从宏观和微观因素分析，旅游产品适合发展电子商务，旅游市场成熟、信息供应及时、配送便利、支付问题的解决等因素为旅游电子商务发展提供了可能，旅游电子商务目前主要有BTOB模式、BTOC模式、CTOC和CTOB模式。根据中国的国情，“酒店平台”管理系统使用于中国酒店销售管理，而中小旅行社可以采取“入主市场”的方式，利用旅游代理商的知名度和资源优势开拓国内及国际市场，大型的旅行社可采用“网社合一”的方式，把旅游网站作为一种新渠道，投入资金、人力完善网上的各种服务，建立国际知名的品牌形象。     

象力在震源过程和地震短临预报中的作用

在固体物理学中,象力是指自由面吸引裂缝的力量,本文把这一概念用于不均匀地壳中,则象力可定义为地壳中任何易于变形,让位界面对裂缝的吸引力。按照这一观点,我们讨论了象力在组合模式和短临预报中的作用并得到如下结论。1.组合模式中的应力调整单元,如蠕滑断层,塑性区,裂丛区等可以近似为自由面。因而它对于积累单元预位移的传播或裂缝的传播具有吸引力。2.象力出现的标志是当传播的预位移和裂缝端部产生的动态应力场达及调整单元时,此时调整单元发生形变监产生前兆。当裂缝由深处向浅处传播,其端部的动态应力场达及自由面时,此时自由面用形变来满足自由面条件从而引起前兆。本文的讨论表明,震源两端的调整单元的同时性表明大震的发生为期不远了。因此调整单元对于预位移和裂缝的传播具有监视作用。本文以海城地震前兆特征为例讨论了这个问题。并由此认为组合模式中调整单元的象力作用比单向蠕裂断层面向震源区的传播更符合实际情况。     

A systematic approach to the input determination for neural network rainfall–runoff models

Input determination has a great influence on the performance of artificial neural network (ANN) rainfall–runoff models. To improve the performance of ANN models, a systematic approach to the input determination for ANN models is proposed. In the proposed approach, the irrelevant inputs are removed. Then an adequate ANN model, which only includes highly relevant inputs, is constructed. Unlike the trial‐and‐error procedure, the proposed approach is more systematic and avoids unnecessary trials. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an application to actual typhoon events is presented. The results show that the proposed ANN model, which is constructed by the proposed approach, has advantages over those obtained by the trial‐and‐error procedure. The proposed ANN model has a simpler architecture, needs less training time, and performs better. The proposed ANN model is recommended as an alternative to existing rainfall–runoff ANN models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Population structure of antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) in the waters north and west of Antarctic Peninsula

Antarctic krill (Euphasia superba Dana) is a key organism of the Antarctic marine ecosystem and a potential fishery resoure. Its ecology was the major biological project in the First Chinese Antarctic Expedition (1985). Acoustic observations and IKMT tows were madecin waters north and west of Antarctic Peninsula. Environmental factors were also observed. Analyses of the population structure, i.e. the sex percentage distribution and other data obtained show that among the 3,640 individuals of determinable sex, only 38.1% were males and that the larger the body length the smaller the percentage of males, for example, male percentage dropped to 8.3% for size group >55 mm. The population's relations to environmental factors are also discussed. Contribution No. 1711 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

Interannual sea level variability in the South China Sea and its response to ENSO

Sea level observed by altimeter during the 1993–2004 period, thermosteric sea level from 1945 through 2004, and tide gauge records are analyzed to investigate the interannual variability of sea level in the South China Sea (SCS) and its relationship with ENSO (El Niño and Southern Oscillation). Both the interannual variations of the observed sea level and the thermosteric sea level are closely related to ENSO. An ‘enigma’ that the SST and sea level in the SCS have inverse response to ENSO is revealed. It is found that the thermosteric sea level has an excellent correspondence to seawater temperature at 100 m depth, and their variations are unsynchronized to SST. Detailed analysis denotes that the warming of seawater occurs only in the upper 75 m during and after the mature phase of El Niño, while the cooling appears in the layers deeper than 75 m during El Niño years. The volume transports between the SCS and the adjacent oceans and the anomalous Ekman pumping contribute a lot for the sea level fall in the developing stage of El Niño, while the mass exchange, which is dominated by precipitation, plays a more significant role in the following continuous negative sea level anomalies.     

南秦岭古生代盆地演化中幕式流体过程及成岩成矿效应

从南秦岭古生代盆地构造-沉积演化出发,通过分析古生界不同层位流体成岩成矿事实与盆地发展演化之间的关系,探讨了南秦岭早古生代—泥盆纪演化时期多幕流体过程和成岩成矿效应。幕式流体成岩成矿最早可追溯到早寒武世,区域上从东到西形成了重要的碳硅质岩中重晶石/毒重石矿床及金、铂族元素矿化;早、中志留世继续发展,形成了钠长石岩、重晶石岩、铁碳酸盐岩、硅质岩与铅-锌、金矿床;中泥盆世为最强烈的一次热水沉积活动,其规模大、热水沉积产物多样,形成了泥盆系硅质岩-钠长石岩-重晶石岩-铁白云石岩中的铅锌(铜)矿床、铁白云石硅质岩中铅锌(铜)矿床以及钠长石角砾-铁白云石板岩中金-铜矿床。     

用冷热休克诱导三倍体近江牡蛎

在近江牡蛎(Ostrea rivularis Gould)卵子授精后25分钟,分别用高温(35℃)和低温(10℃)持续处理20分钟,其胚胎发育初期的三倍体诱导率分别达到64％和69％。在这个高温点和低温点以外随着处理温度的升高或降低,三倍体诱导率均迅速减小。