AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF FOULING ORGANISMS IN XISHA ISLANDS

Monthly and seasonal panel experiments were carried out in the Yongxing Island from September 1979 to August 1981. Altogether 119 species of fouling organisms are collected, of which, Hydroides elegans, Serpula vermicular is, Scrupocellaria longispinosa, Amathia distant, Enteromorpha spp. and Ostrea spp. are dominant species. Fouling of organisms may occur all the year round with evident seasonal variations, Species succession in the process of community formation is very evident and the climax has arrived after two years. Great variation exists between fouling organisms in different years and at different stations.     

浙江岱衢洋大黄鱼 Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson) 个体生殖力的研究

种群的补充、生长和死亡是决定种群数量及其变动类型的三个相互联系过程。要阐明种群补充过程的基本理律,就必须对它的各个环节加以深入的研究。生殖力的变动及其调节规律就是补充过程的最主要环节之一。 从1958年秋季开始,我们进行了大黄鱼生殖力种内规律的研究。本文是其中的一个组成部分,在于研究浙江舟山渔场岱衢洋产卵场的春宗与秋宗大黄鱼的个体生植力变动规律,着重阐明一个种群内个体生殖力的变动与调节规律及其影响因子,探讨同一地理种群的不同生物学宗个体生殖力变动规律的差异及其适应意义o 春宗大黄鱼共观察分析了304尾;秋宗大黄鱼由于取样不易,仅观察分析了41尾。所据以观察分析的资料均系未出现透明和游离状卵子的典型IV期卵巢。卵子的计数是采用重量取样法,取样重为0.2-0.3克。卵巢采用5%福尔马林液固定保存,称重前几天移入80%酒精中,这样可以减少因水分重量所产生的误差。取样时先除去卵巢外膜井取卵巢中部卵子作为计数样品。凡是开始累积卵黄颗粒的小型卵子到半充满与完全充满卵黄的中型及大型卵子都进行计算,卵径范围为0.16一0.99毫米。     

Seasonal and annual variations of marine sinking particulate flux during 1993~1996 in the central South China Sea

A total of 67 samples from the upper and lower sediment traps in the central South China Sea were analyzed, which were collected during 1993~1996. It is indicated that the distribution of stable isotope values, surface primary productivity, fluxes of total particulate matter, carbonate, biogenic opal, organic carbon, planktonic foraminiferal species and their total amount exhibit obviously seasonal and annual fluctuations. High values of the fluxes occurred in the prevailing periods of the northeastern and southwestern monsoons, and the low values occurred during the periods between the two monsoons. The fluxes of some planktonic foraminiferal species (Globigerinoides sacculifer, G. ruber, Globigerinita glutinata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei) and their percentages also exhibit two prominent peaks during the prevailing periods of the northeastern and southwestern monsoons respectively, while those of Globigerina bulloides, Globorotalia menardii and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata only exhibit one peak in the prevailing periods of the northeastern monsoon. In addition, fluxes and percentages of Globigerinoides sacculifer and Globorotalia menardii as well as the fluxes of carbonate and total amount of planktonic foraminifera decrease gradually from 1993 to 1996, and those of Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinita glutinata and biogenic opal increase gradually from 1993 to 1996. The fluxes of carbonate and organic carbon in the upper trap are higher than those in the lower one. The study indicates that the seasonal and annual variations of the sediment fluxes and planktonic foraminiferal species are mainly controlled by the changes of surface primary productivity and hydrological conditions related to the East Asian monsoon. The lower carbonate and organic carbon fluxes in the lower trap are related to the dissolution.     

“数字海底”系统建模中的关键技术研究

基于“数字海底”系统的理论基础研究和在海底科学应用中的具体实践,提出了“数字海底”的涵义、系统组成和体系结构,对空间数据管理技术、基于XML的WebGIS空间数据表达技术、复杂海底三维建模技术、多源信息的一体化集成显示技术、虚拟现实技术等“数字海底”系统建模中的关键技术进行了探讨,为从事海底资源研究和开发的人员提供各个层次的参考或帮助.     

Probabilistic Models for the Probability of Wave Breaking and Whitecap Coverage Based on Kinematic Breaking Criterion

More and more researches show that neither the critical downward acceleration nor the critical slope of water waves is a universal constant. On the contrary, they vary with particular wave conditions. This fact moders the models either for the probability of wave breaking B or for the whitecap coverage W based on these criteria difficult to apply. In this paper and the one which follows we seek to develop models for the prediction of both B and W based on the kinematical criterion. First, several joint probabihstic distribution functions (PDFs) of wave characteristics are derived, based on which the breaking properties B and W are estimated. The estimation is made on the assumption that a wave breaks ff the horizontal velocity of water particles at its crest exceeds the local wave celerity, and whitecapping occurs in regions of fluid where water particles travel faster than the waves. The consequent B and W depend on wave spectral moments of orders 0 to 4.Then the JONSWAP spectrum is used to represent the fetch-limited sea waves in deep water, so as to relate the probahility of wave breaking and the whitecap coverage with wind parameters. To this end, the time-averaging technique proposed by Glazman (1986) is applied to the estimation of the spectral moments involved, and furthermore, the theoretical models are compared with available observations collected from published literature. From the comparison, the averaging time scale is determined. The final models show that the probability of wave breaking as well as the whitecap coverage depends on the dimensionless fetch. The agreement between these models and the database is reasonable.     

Variations in the Fishing and Sea Conditions of Northwestern East China Sea in Autumn 1983

Some unusual features have been analysed in this paper on the sea conditions ofnorthwestern East China Sea and the fisheries of Mackerel, Round Scad, Sardines off Zhejiangin the autumn of 1983, based on the data of the past years. The findings are as follows: 1. The low-salinity water area formed by the Changjiang River runoff emptying intothe sea expanded by three times as campared with that of 1978 (a poor runoff year). The     

雪宝顶碱性花岗岩岩石地球化学与成矿控制

对雪宝顶碱性花岗岩具有高丰度的W、Sn、Be含量和W、Sn矿化花岗岩的微量元素组合特征进行了分析，结果显示：稀土元素具有∑REE含量与LREE／HREE比值偏低和负Eu异常的特点；元素比值K／Rb，U／Th，Nb／Ta的规律性变化以及矿脉产状特征等表明W-(Sn)-Be脉状矿床形成于岩浆演化晚期，与岩浆期后的热液活动有关。     

培养基对海藻真菌PT2菌株的生长及活性代谢产物合成的影响

本文采用PD、GPY、YES、SYE、GPM5种不同培养基培养海藻真菌菌株PT2，并对其在不同培养基中的生长情况、代谢产物的形成及抗肿瘤活性进行分析，旨在了解不同培养基对菌株生长和活性物质合成的影响．结果显示，PT2菌株在不同培养基上的培养特征及生长速率有所不同，液体培养基发酵液抽提物的抗肿瘤活性也有较大差别，其中SYE发酵液抽提物活性最强，对KB、Raji和Hela 3种肿瘤细胞的IC50分别为7．6μg／cm^3、2．4μg／cm^3和3．3μg／cm^3．采用HPLC法对不同抽提物进行分析，发现它们之间的组成成分有显著差异．本文的实验结果表明，不同培养基对该菌株的生长及活性代谢产物的合成具有显著的影响。     

中国鯵科鱼类地理分布的研究

鯵科鱼类是暖水性与暖温性的鱼类，主要分布于印度洋、太平洋、大西洋热带和亚热带水域，也可随暖流到达纬度较高的地区。它们在世界上的分布范围从南纬55°至北纬65°，主要集中于南北回归线之间。据初步统计，世界各海区的鯵科鱼类约有290种，以印度-西太平洋热带水域为最多，约有173种；东太平洋与西大西洋(美洲东西两岸)次之，约119种;东大西洋较少，约40种。 鯵科鱼类的分布与暖流的关系甚为密切。例如在非洲东西两岸，由于暖流分布的情况不同，鯵科鱼类的分布也有显著差异，东南沿岸可分布至南纬35°左右，种数也多，约61种，而西部沿岸一般不超过南纬12°左右，种数就很少，约20种。在北太平洋东西两岸，由于黑潮暖流和北太平洋暖流的影响，鯵科鱼类分布的北界均达北纬45°左右。在北大西洋两岸，它们的分布北界则有所不同，西岸因受拉布拉多寒流影响仅达北纬45°左右，而东岸由于墨西哥暖流的影响，可达北纬65°的冰岛东南岸与挪威西部海岸。在南大西洋西岸它们可分布至南纬55°左右，而东岸只到达南纬12°左右(图1)。中国鯵科鱼类的分布情况也与暖流有着密切关系，在各个海区有所差异，以南海种类为最多，东海次之，黄海最少，有些种类仅在一定季节随暖流到达东海与黄海。     

Metabolites from mangrove endophytic fungus Dothiorella sp.

Mangroves are special woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts. They prove to be a natural microorganisms and new metabolites storage. In the study of mangrove endophytic fungi metabolites, four new compounds, Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as a known octaketide, cytosporone B (5), are isolated from an endophytic fungus, Dothiorella sp., HTF3. They all show cytotoxic activities. The elucidation of these structures is mainly based on 1D/2D NMR and ESI-MS spectral analyses.