Phase Equilibria Constraints on Relations of Ore-bearing Intrusionswith Flood Basalts in the Panxi Region, Southwestern China

There are two types of temporally and spatially associated intrusions within the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP); namely, small uitramafic subvolcanic sills that host magmatic Cu-Ni-Platinum Group Element (PGE)-bearing sulfide deposits and large mafic layered intrusions that host giant Ti-V magnetite deposits in the Panxi region. However, except for their coeval ages, the genetic relations between the ore-bearing intrusions and extrusive rocks are poorly understood. Phase equilibria analysis (Q-PI-OI-Opx-Cpx system) has been carried out to elucidate whether ore-bearing Panzhihua, Xinjie and Limahe intrusions are co-magmatic with the picrites and flood basalts (including high-Ti, low-Ti and alkali basalts), respectively. In this system, the parental magma can be classified as silica-undersaturated olivine basalt and silica-saturated tholeiite. The equivalents of the parental magma of the Xinjie and Limahe peridotites and picrites and iow-Ti basalts are silica-undersaturated, whereas the Limahe gabbro-diorites and high-Ti basalts are silica-saturated. In contrast, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be alkali character. Phase equilibria relations clearly show that the magmas that formed the Panzhihua intrusion and high-Ti basalts cannot be co-magmatic as there is no way to derive one liquid from another by fractional crystallization. On the other hand, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be related to Permian alkali intrusions in the region, but does not appear to be related to the alkali basalts recognized in the Longzhoushan lava stratigraphy. Comparably, the Limabe intrusion appears to be a genetic relation to the picrites, whereas the Xinjie intrusion may be genetically related to be low-Ti basaits. Additionally, the gabbro-diorites and peridotites of the Limahe intrusion are not co-magmatic, and the former appears to be derived liquid from high-Ti basalts.     

闪电产生氮氧化物对青藏高原臭氧低谷形成的影响

为了进一步了解青藏高原闪电的产生氮氧化物（LNO_x）经由光化学反应对O₃浓度变化及夏季O₃低谷形成的可能影响,本文利用2005~2013年由OMI卫星得到的对流层NO₂垂直浓度柱（NO₂ VCD）、O₃总浓度柱（TOC）和O₃廓线以及星载光学瞬变探测器OTD和闪电成像仪LIS获取的总闪电数资料,对青藏高原和同纬度长江中下游地区的TOC和NO₂ VCD月均值时空分布特征、闪电与NO₂ VCD的相关性和O₃的垂直分布特征及其与LNO_x的关系进行了对比分析。结果表明,青藏高原的O₃低谷主要出现在夏季和秋季,其TOC值比同纬度长江中下游地区低约10~15 DU（Dobson unit）。青藏高原NO₂VCD总体较小,表现为夏高冬低的分布特征。青藏高原夏季O₃浓度受南亚高压的影响总体呈减小趋势,但因强雷暴天气导致对流层中上部LNO_x浓度升高,并随强上升气流向对流层顶输送,同时通过光化学反应使O₃浓度增加,缩小了青藏高原和同纬度地区的O₃浓度差,减缓了O₃总浓度的下降,抑制了夏季O₃低谷的进一步深化。     

相态研究在化探异常评价中的应用——以马架子水系沉积物异常评价为例

利用相态研究可确定异常元素的赋存状态,马架子水系沉积物综合异常强度高,浓集中心明显,经过几次异常检查及查证,未获得良好的找矿效果,引起异常的成因机制不清。对异常样品中元素在氧化物相、结合相及硫化物相中分配的综合研究证实,Ph、Zn元素主要是以均匀分散形式存在于岩石中,为非矿致异常,从而节省了大量的人力、财力及物力,为异常查证及评价提供了一套新的思路。     

2011年11月苏州一次灰霾天气过程分析

2011年11月10-14日苏州地区发生了一次严重灰霾天气过程,利用气象观测资料、探空资料及大气成分站监测资料对苏州三个站点的受污染情况进行了综合分析。结果表明：灰霾期间地面受弱气压场控制,风力较小,且有接地逆温的持续存在,大气水平和垂直输送都很弱,导致大量污染物在近地面堆积,能见度恶化;三站中昆山站灰霾持续时间最长,共计104时次,影响程度最重,重度灰霾占总数的39 %,中度和重度灰霾超过灰霾总数的一半;灰霾时各粒径颗粒物浓度均维持在较高水平,细粒子在可吸入颗粒物中占有较大比重,说明细粒子对灰霾贡献作用大,14日凌晨昆山及太仓出现大雾天气时细粒子比重甚至超过了灰霾时,而相对湿度峰值只有94 %,因此将该段天气定性为雾霾共存或者湿性霾更妥;秸秆焚烧污染期间,BC浓度明显上升,其绝对浓度要高出正常情况的3倍左右;通过CO/SO₂及PM₁₀/SO₂对比发现昆山站受秸秆焚烧污染程度要严重的多,因此推测昆山本地郊区可能也存在零星秸秆露天焚烧点。     

胶州湾中部海域秋、冬季大型无脊椎动物群落结构及多样性研究

根据2008年9月~2009年2月在胶州湾中部海域进行的逐月定点底拖网调查,对该海域秋、冬季大型无脊椎动物群落结构及多样性变化进行了初步研究.结果表明,胶州湾秋、冬季共捕获大型无脊椎动物60种,其中甲壳动物和软体动物是主要的无脊椎动物类群;优势种组成具有较明显的月间变化,主要为口虾蛄Oratosquilla oratoria、短蛸Octopus ocellatus、脊腹褐虾Crangon affinis等湾内定居性种类及洄游性较小的种类.Margalef种类丰富度指数范围为1.998~4.669,自9月起逐月递减,11月达到最低值,随后又逐月升高,2月达到最高值;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数范围分别为1.325~2.500和0.422~0.693,逐月变化趋势与物种丰富度指数基本一致.多样性指数与海域温度、盐度和深度等环境因子均无显著性相关.多元统计分析表明,胶州湾中部海域秋、冬季大型无脊椎动物群落可划分为2个时间组群;组群间群落种类组成结构差异不显著.     

综合分析技术在微细粒浸染型金矿金赋存状态研究中的应用

采用化学组分分析、物相分析、粒度筛析、X射线面扫描分析、矿物分离分析并结合数理统计分析等综合分析技术对微细粒浸染型金矿进行工艺矿物学研究,较为快速、准确地查明该金精矿金的赋存状态.几种分析方法互为补充,结果吻合.     

磁铁矿采空区处理施工工艺与技术方法探讨

文章系统地介绍了采用地质钻机成孔,高压注浆机进行充填注浆的施工方法。为了将水泥砂浆及水泥粉煤灰浆填入采空区,采用能施加高压的输送泵及高压注浆设备、铸铁注浆管、水泥封孔的注浆工艺处理采空区铁路路基。在信息化施工过程中,通过试验不断地调整设计方法、改进施工工艺,在处理巨型磁铁矿采空区工程实践中达到了预期的目标。施工中,在控制充填边界、封孔方法及施工工艺等方面有一定的创新。提出的采空区施工技术控制、质量检测与评价方法,对同类工程勘察、设计及施工具有一定的参考价值。     

惠民凹陷沙河街组地层水化学特征及其成因

根据惠民凹陷沙河街组水化学分析数据,探讨水化学成分分布特征,并初步进行地层水来源及成因方面的分析。研究结果表明:沙河街组发育的是以(Cl^-和Na⁺+K⁺为主要离子组分的(CaCl₂,型水,矿化度及其他水化学组分纵向上呈增加-减小交替变化的特点。各水化学参数反映凹陷内沙四段、沙三中下亚段和沙二段地层较好的封闭性,地层水总体被CaCO₃饱和,尚未达到CaSO₄饱和程度。与海水、湖水蒸发曲线进行对比,直观地反映水中离子的富集和贫乏程度,进而进行相应的地层水成因研究,即沙河街组地层水中Na⁺, Cl^-浓缩,Ca²⁺富集,以及Mg²⁺ 、 SO₄^2-贫乏的现象是蒸发浓缩作用、斜长石钠长石化、脱硫酸作用、有机质生烃等共同作用的结果。此外,平面上沙四段以上各层地层水矿化度低值区均分布在临南洼陷内,粘土矿物脱水作用可以解释洼陷及周边地层水的淡化现象。     

Wetlands of Northeast Asia and High Asia: an overview

This review reports background information on wetlands in the Northeast Asia and High Asia areas, including wetland coverage and type, significance for local populations, and threats to their vitality and protection, with particular focus on the relationship of how global change influenced wetlands. Natural wetlands in these areas have been greatly depleted and degraded, largely due to global climate change, drainage and conversion to agriculture and silviculture, hydrologic alterations, exotics invasions, and misguided management policies. Global warming has caused wetland and ice-sheet loss in High Asia and permafrost thawing in tundra wetlands in Northeast Asia, and hence induced enormous reductions in water-storage sources in High Asia and carbon loss in Northeast Asia. This, in the long term, will exacerbate chronic water shortage and positively feed back global warming. Recently, better understanding of the vital role of healthy wetland ecosystems to Asia’s sustainable economic development has led to major efforts in wetland conservation and restoration. Nonetheless, collaborative efforts to restore and protect the wetlands must involve not only the countries of Northeast and High Asia but also international agencies. Research has been productive but the results should be more effectively integrated with policy-making and wetland restoration practices under future climatic scenarios.     

模拟地震的弹簧滑块模型的混沌运动

我们构造了一种自由度为２的双弹簧滑块系统，讨论模型参数的不均匀性和滑块间的相互作用与复杂现象的关系。假定滑块在所受力小于其静摩擦力时保持静止，因此，只有发生了滑动，两滑块所受力之差才改变。如果我们以两滑块受力之差为变量，就可以构造一种一维的映射。这种映射直观地显示了系统的演化，反映了方程终态解的形态。结果表明，用混沌运动来描述地震现象可能是较为合理的。