甘肃天水地区渭河南岸大砂沟泥石流发育特征

以天水地区渭河南岸大砂沟泥石流沟为研究对象,通过野外地质调查以及历史资料的统计,初步了解该泥石流的形成条件、松散物源的补给条件、活动历史;详细研究了该泥石流的运动特征,并提出了相应的治理措施。结果表明:该泥石流沟上游三面不稳定斜坡体上的堆积物和大砂沟沟道内的松散堆积物为该泥石流的主要物源;通过统计分析,在极端降雨天气条件下计算得到洪峰流量为355. 26 m3/s。该泥石流沟仍存在暴发大规模泥石流的可能性,一旦泥石流发生,将对下游甘谷县城居民的生命财产安全造成严重的威胁。研究成果可为天水地区泥石流的防灾减灾提供科学依据。     

川西新场气田沙溪庙组浅水三角洲砂体类型与展布特征

砂体类型与分布特征的差异性造就了油气储层发育的非均质性,通过岩心垂向序列特征明确了沙溪庙组砂体成因类型,并综合测井、地震资料刻画了不同类型砂体的空间分布。沙溪庙组浅水三角洲平原发育垂积型主河道、侧积/填积型次河道砂体以及溢岸砂体,前缘发育侧积型近端水下分流河道、填积型远端水下分流河道、进积型河口坝砂体以及席状砂体;平原主河道砂体厚度多大于10 m,宽600~1 800 m,通过同位垂向切叠与侧向等高程切叠而形成毯状连片砂体,次河道砂体多位于主河道侧缘,厚度平均7.5 m,物性较差,并常被主河道切割而零星分布;内前缘近端水下分流河道砂体厚4~8 m,宽500~1 200 m,多错位切叠或拼接接触,呈带状;远端水下分流河道发育于三角洲外前缘,单砂体厚2.5~6 m,宽200~700 m,平面呈鞋带状,砂体孤立;前缘河口坝砂体分布较少,垂向上常被河道切叠;平原相带两类河道砂体的物性差异造成了储层内部的非均质性,而三角洲前缘储层的非均质性更多在于不同类型砂体的迷宫状展布上。     

The Late Early Cretaceous Mo Mineralization in the South China Mo Province: Constraints from U–Pb and Re–Os Geochronology of the Lufeng Porphyry Mo Deposit

Compared to other Mo provinces, few studies focused on the South China Mo Province(SCMP), especially for Early Cretaceous Mo mineralization. The Lufeng porphyry Mo deposit in the SCMP is characterized by disseminated and veinlet-type mineralization in granite porphyry, gneiss, and rhyolite. In this study, six molybdenite samples yield a Re–Os isochron age of 108.0±1.8 Ma, which is consistent with the zircon U–Pb age of the granite porphyry(108.4±0.8 Ma). The coincidence of magmatic and hydrothermal activities indicates that Mo mineralization was associated with the intrusion of granite porphyry during the late Early Cretaceous. A compilation of U–Pb and Re–Os chronological data suggests that an extensive and intensive Mo mineralization event occurred in the SCMP during the late Early Cretaceous. The marked difference in molybdenite Re contents between Cu-bearing(85–536 ppm) and Cu-barren(1.3–59 ppm) Mo deposits of the late Early Cretaceous indicates that the ore-forming materials were derived from strong crust–mantle interactions. Together with regional petrological and geochemical data, this study suggests that late Early Cretaceous Mo mineralization in the SCMP occurred in an extensional setting associated with the roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific slab.     

Geochemical Characteristic of Charnockites in North Margin of North China Craton: Indicating the Significiant of the Neoarchean Tecnotic Event

The Neoarchean charnockites of North margain of North China Craton(NCC) has become a hot topic into understanding the Early Precambrian basement. Although there is a broad consensus that charnockite is usually related to granulite facies metamorphism, whether its petrogenesis and tectonics characteristics remains controversial. Inclusions within hypersthene and garnet in charnockite are used to identify the peak granulite facies mineral assemblage, with the formation of Magnesian–charnockite attributed to anatexis of the protolith associated with this granulite facies metamorphism. The distribution of major and trace elements in charnockite is very uneven, significant depleted in LILEs(eg. Cs, U, Th) and HFSEs(eg. Nb, Ta, P and Ti), riched in Sr. Raising to the coexistence of Eu–enrichment and Eu–depletion type of REE patterns that influenced by the content of plagioclase and the remnants minerals of zircon and apatite. Comparative the petrography, geochemistry and geochronology data of Magnesian–charnockite indicate that the ratios of mafic pellites and basalts involved in anatectic melting are different by the upwelling of mantle magma, also resulting in the Eu anormals characteristics. The formation of the Magnesian–charnockite is closely connected with the subduction of the NCC oceanic crust(About ～2.5 Ga). However, Ferroan–charnockite may be the formed by the crystallization differentiation of the upwelling of mantle–derived shoshonitic magma(About ～2.45 Ga), with the lower crust material addition.     

珠江三角洲崖门镇地区水稻田土壤-植物系统中硒元素分布特征及迁移规律研究

硒在自然环境中的分布及迁移规律一直是研究热点。多目标区域地球化学调查成果表明,珠三角地区土壤硒含量较为丰富,适宜富硒特色农产品种植,但土壤-植物系统中硒的迁移转化规律尚不清楚。本文以典型富硒区—江门市崖门镇为例,系统采集了岩石、风化土、稻田土壤、浅层地下水、灌溉水及水稻样品,应用原子荧光光谱法进行硒含量测试,探讨土壤-植物系统中硒元素分布特征及迁移规律。结果表明:崖门镇花岗岩、花岗岩风化土、稻田表层土壤、剖面土壤、浅层地下水、灌溉水、大米硒含量平均值分别为0.0208mg/kg、0.2325mg/kg、0.5060mg/kg、0.83mg/kg、0.0003mg/L、0.0004mg/L、0.058mg/kg,表层土壤硒含量与珠江三角洲土壤地球化学背景值(0.51mg/kg)相当,大米硒含量达到富硒稻谷标准。土壤-植物系统中硒元素迁移规律为:土壤剖面硒元素向下部迁移,沿径流方向硒向下游迁移。土壤硒较易向水稻根部迁移,较难从根部向水稻地上部分迁移。本研究获得的土壤-植物系统硒元素分布与迁移规律可为该地区富硒资源开发利用提供科学依据。     

蚀变粗面岩中再平衡结构黑云母的电子探针分析

黑云母的化学成分中蕴含着重要的成因信息,对具有交代结构的黑云母进行微区成分分析,能够精细反映交代蚀变过程中元素迁移情况,为解决矿床形成机制方面的科学问题提供矿物学证据。本文以北大巴山平利地区蚀变粗面岩中具有再平衡结构的黑云母斑晶为研究对象,进行电子探针面扫描和剖面成分分析。结果表明,斑晶内部为岩浆成因黑云母,边缘为"扩散-反应"过程所致的再平衡成因黑云母。斑晶边缘与内部相比,TiO_2含量由平均5.78%降至2.22%,表明在交代蚀变过程中黑云母中Ti等高场强元素被淋滤出进入流体;而CaO含量由平均0.06%升至0.14%,F含量由平均0.60%升至0.80%,指示蚀变流体内富含Ca、F等组分。本研究揭示了粗面岩中铌矿床的形成与热液作用关系密切,成矿流体中Ca、F等组分在铌元素的迁移及富集过程中具有重要作用。     

X射线衍射-扫描电镜等技术研究秘鲁铜硫矿石选矿工艺矿物学特征

秘鲁铜硫矿石的主要回收对象是铜和硫矿物,由于铜矿物嵌布复杂、粒度过细以及与各种脉石矿物或金属矿物交生关系紧密,利用传统工艺矿物学研究方法如化学分析、光学显微镜检测等较难准确定量其工艺矿物学参数。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜及矿物参数自动分析系统(MLA)等技术手段,研究秘鲁铜硫矿石的化学成分、矿物组成和主要矿物的嵌布特征、粒度分布及单体解离特性等,并对影响选矿指标的主要矿物学因素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中主要元素为Cu(0.65%)和S(9.53%)。矿石中黄铁矿(16.57%)含量较高,形态较为规则,与其他矿物之间的交生关系相对简单,粒度普遍偏粗,其中粒径大于0.30mm的黄铁矿占95.06%。铜矿物主要以不规则粒状、皮壳状、网脉状、纤维状、尘粒状、斑点状分布于脉石中或与黄铁矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿等金属矿物交生紧密,粒度极不均匀,使得铜矿物解离难度加大,且矿石中云母(12.51%)、绿泥石(3.74%)、滑石(3.34%)、高岭石、蒙脱石(3.59%)等黏土质矿物含量较高,在磨矿过程中易发生泥化从而恶化分选环境。根据该类型矿石的工艺矿物学特性,本文建议采用"粗磨-部分优先浮铜-铜硫混浮-混合精矿再磨再选分离"的工艺流程,可得到质量高的铜、硫精矿。     

临汾—运城盆地上古生界演化、改造及油气资源潜力分析

临汾—运城盆地位于山西省中南部,属新生代汾渭地堑系的一部分。以往勘探表明,该地区新生界缺乏有效烃源岩和有利生油条件,油气资源潜力不容乐观。但近年来邻区鄂尔多斯盆地、沁水盆地等上古生界天然气勘探的持续突破,为该地区前新生界油气勘探提供了重要启示。本文通过地震、重磁资料解释,并结合近年来区内钻孔资料,较全面地刻画了盆地上古生界的赋存分布状况,指出石炭系—二叠系主要分布在临汾坳陷中—北部和峨嵋隆起区西北部。由周邻露头资料推测,该盆地上古生界煤系烃源岩较为发育,有机质达到中等—高成熟演化阶段。结合后期改造、埋藏史和生烃史模拟、保存条件分析等,认为盆地北部临汾凹陷为煤层气或常规天然气勘探的较有利选区。     

吉林省柳河县半截沟铁矿床地质特征及找矿标志

吉林省柳河县半截沟铁矿床赋存于中太古界斜长角闪片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩中。矿体形态简单,呈似层状、扁豆状分布。该文总结了矿床地质特征,确定了该区铁矿床的找矿标志。