山水林田湖草生态保护修复项目遥感监测及辅助绩效评价

山水林田湖草生态保护修复是保障国家生态安全的重要举措,科学合理的生态保护修复项目监测和绩效评价方法,有助于保障生态保护修复工程的顺利实施和生态保护修复成果的可持续发展。本研究采用文献综述和案例分析相结合的方法,论述了遥感技术在山水林田湖草生态保护修复项目监测和绩效评价中的具体应用。从关注区域生态系统格局和质量两方面出发,选择遥感数据获取的土地覆盖类型、植被长势、水质参数作为评价指标,整体实现了山水林田湖草各生态要素的监测;从维护和提升区域生态系统服务出发,选择水源涵养、水土保持、生态系统承载力等指标,论述了遥感数据在辅助山水林田湖草生态保护修复项目绩效评价中的作用。最后指出积极探索新的遥感数据挖掘方法,并结合遥感技术与传统的调查方法,有望形成更客观、更快速且具备可执行性的山水林田湖草生态保护修复项目监测及绩效评价体系。     

大兴安岭哈拉哈河—淖尔河地区第四纪火山活动初步研究

大兴安岭中部哈拉哈河-淖尔河地区受基底断裂控制,发育28座第四纪火山,这些火山总体呈北东向带状分布。研究区第四纪火山岩分布面积约1000km^2,岩性主要为碱性玄武岩。根据喷发时代和火山地质特征,这里的火山大体可分为更新世和全新世两期。按照火山作用方式不同,区内火山可分为岩浆成因和射汽岩浆成因两类：前者活动产物主要包括火山碎屑锥、碎屑席、熔岩流,其中发育结壳熔岩、渣状熔岩、块状熔岩,以及喷气锥、熔岩冢等火山地质现象;后者产物主要是射汽岩浆喷发形成的基浪堆积物,其中发育大型平行层理及交错层理。不同的火山作用形成了火山口湖、低平火山口湖、火山堰塞湖和塌陷熔岩湖四种不同规模与形态特征的湖泊,这种水火相容的火山地质现象为阿尔山火山温泉国家地质公园增添了景观。     

天然地震频率范围内首都圈地区近地表S波速度结构c

近地表沉积层的S速度结构是强地面震动模拟和地震灾害估计的重要参数,尤其是浅部的S波速度结构在工程上具有重要的应用意义．目前大部分资料来源于工程钻孔或工程地震探测,很少有地震波频率范围内的S波速度结构,或者深度达数百米的S波速度结构．通过对天然地震的井下摆波形记录的分析,提供了一种测量地震波频率范围深达数百米的S波速度的有效方法．收集了首都圈地区44个井下摆的近震记录,利用广义射线方法确认了直达S波及其在地表的反射波震相,并通过测量不同台站上两个震相的到时差,获得了首都圈地区浅层100——500m 深度范围的S波速度结构．研究发现,浅部100m 的平均S波速度低于300m/s．当深度增加到500m 时S波速增加到800m/s,平均速度梯度为0.8 （m/s）/m．研究结果表明,井下摆地震记录波形是研究沉积盆地浅层S波结构的重要资料,将为沉积盆地的强地面震动模拟提供重要基础参数．      

Discussion on the Precise Relocation and Seismo-Tectonics of the Jiujiang-Ruichang Earthquake

Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored.     

扬子北缘及南秦岭铅锌重晶石锰钒矿成矿地质背景

扬子北缘铅锌矿、锰矿、重晶石、毒重石矿和黑色岩系钒矿成矿地质条件具有一定规律性,属于受沉积盆地控制统一成矿系列,形成于扬子地块北部边缘裂解环境次级盆地中,成矿受所处构造位置、沉积盆地、同生断裂、沉积相控制。     

微细浸染型金矿矿后热液和表生溶液的物理化学条件研究

通过成矿热液、矿后热液和表生溶液形成的冷液矿物的包裹体成分、温度和盐度测定,作了有关的系列热力学参数计算,探讨了溶液的低温地球化学特征和变化规律。研究表明：成矿期和矿后热液均为弱碱性,但进入表生溶液则转为弱酸性;在表生作用过程中,矿后热液和表生溶液的ｌｇｆ（Ｈ２）、ｌｇｆ（ＣＨ４）和ｌｇｆ（ＣＯ）均较成矿期明显下降,尤以ｌｇｆ（ＣＨ４）最显著,相反,ｌｇｆ（Ｓ２）则有明显提高;从含硫原子团的性质看,成矿期热液主要含Ｈ２Ｓ和ＨＳ－,而矿后热液和表生溶液主要含ＳＯ２－４、ＫＳＯ－４和ＮａＳＯ－４。这些特征和变化直接影响和制约金在表生作用过程中的迁移形式以及原生矿石向氧化矿石的转化机理。     

Evolution of isotopic composition and deuterium excess of brines in the Sichuan Basin, China

The isotopic composition and parameters for deuterium excess of brines, which were sampled in the Si-chuan Basin, show obvious regularities of distribution. The brine isotopic composition shows distinct two systems of marine and terrestrial deposits, with the Middle Triassic strata as the boundary. Brine hydrogen isotopic composition of marine deposits is lower while oxygen isotopic composition is higher than that of the SMOW, respectively, indicating that the brines were derived from seawater with different evaporating degrees at different times. From the Sinian strata, up to the Cambrian, Permian Maokou Formation and the Triassic Jialingjiang Formation, the δD values of brines tend to become relatively positive with the strata becoming younger. Brines of terrestrial deposits are considered to have been derived from precipitation and their isotopic composition is close to the globe meteoric water line (GMWL). Brines of transitional deposits between marine and terrestrial ones (the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation) have δD and δ18O values falling between the two end members of marine deposit brines and precipitation, indicating that the brines are a mixture of precipitation and vaporing seawater. Water samples from the brine-bearing strata of different ages show various deuterium excesses (d) with an evident decreasing trend as the age of strata gets older and older. Brine-bearing strata of the Triassic Leikoupo-Jialingjiang Formation, the Permian Maokou Formation, the Cambrian and Sinian strata are all carbonate rocks which have experienced intensive water/rock reaction and the deuterium excess essentially changes with time. All brine-bearing-strata surrounding the basin or faults, as well as those brine wells exploited for resources, have been obviously influenced by the precipitation supply. Therefore, the deuterium excesses of their brines have increased to different extents, depending on the amount of involvement of meteoric water. The variation and distribution of d values of the brines from different Triassic strata are related to the embedded depth of the strata. The deuterium excesses of brines become lower with increasing burial depth of the strata.     

湖南粤北花岗岩类岩石成因的痕量元素模拟

对湘南粤北的扶溪岩体、九峰岩体、南岭地区基底地层的四堡群,以及板溪群、震旦-奥陶纪等岩石进行了主元素及痕量元素含量测定。同时对扶溪和九峰两岩体测定了Sm-Nd同位素含量,初步判断该二岩体的源岩可能是元古代的具陆壳性质的岩石。利用非实比平衡部分熔融公式对上述岩体的岩石成因作了痕量元素定量模拟,进一步确证了该二岩体的形成过程及源岩性质。     

A very bright (i=16.44) quasar in the ‘redshift desert' discovered by the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST)

The redshift range from 2.2 to 3 is known as the ‘redshift desert' of quasars because quasars with redshifts in this range have similar optical colors as normal stars and are thus difficult to find in optical sky surveys.A quasar candidate, SDSS J085543.40001517.7, which was selected by a recently proposed criterion involving near-IR Y-K and optical g-z colors, was identified spectroscopically as a new quasar with a redshift of 2.427 by the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST) commissioning observation in 2009 De...