粤港澳大湾区海洋生态环境协同共治策略探讨

粤港澳三地为共同应对跨境污染等环境问题开始携手,经过多年的交流深化,已形成总体规划引领,合作框架协议约束,联席会议与粤港、粤澳环保合作小组及其下设的专题小组相结合的海洋环境协同共治平台。目前,粤港澳大湾区仍面临海域水质不断恶化、湿地生态功能退化、海洋生物资源衰退等严峻的生态问题。通过系统梳理,借鉴国际三大湾区先进经验,提出健全大湾区海洋生态环境协同治理法制体系、完善协同共治平台、统筹规划海洋生态环境保护、健全公众参与制度等策略,完善大湾区海洋生态环境协同共治机制。     

Land use/cover changes and environmental consequences in Songnen Plain, Northeast China

The Songnen Plain in Northeast China, one of the key national bases of agricultural production, went through remarkable land use/cover changes in recent years. This study aimed to explore the long-term land use/cover changes and the effects of these changes on the environment. The Landsat-based analysis showed that, during 1986–2000, cropland, built-up land and barren land had increased, among which cropland had the largest increase of 9,198km² with an increase rate of 7.5%. Woodland, grassland, water body and swampland had decreased correspondingly, among which grassland had the most dramatic decrease of 6,127km² with a decrease rate of 25.6%. The transition matrix results revealed that grassland, woodland and swampland were the three main land use types converted to cropland. Climate warming created the potential environment for the conversion of grassland and swampland into cropland. Land resources policy made by central and provincial governments of China affected the pattern and intensity of land use. Land use/cover changes accompanied by climatic variation brought out a series of environmental consequences, such as sand desertification of land, land salinization and alkalinization, grassland degradation, and more frequent floods. Under this circumstance, optimized land use structure and restoration measures are needed.     

Hybrids between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus： karyotype, allozyme and RAPD analyses

The hybrid between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus was produced by artificial insemination of olive flounder eggs with stone flounder sperm. Sinistral and dextral are two types of hybrid progeny after metamorphosis. Karyotypes of both hybrid flounders are the same as those of the two parental species. Of the 22 loci examined from 12 allozymes, 12 confirmed hybridization of the paternal and maternal loci in hybrids and no difference was found in allozyme patterns of sinistral and dextral hybrid fishes. RAPD patterns of these specimens were also studied with 38 primers selected from 104 tested. Among them, the PCR products of 30 primers showed hybridization of the paternal and maternal bands. Genetic variation between hybrids and their parental stocks was analyzed by RAPD using 10 of the above 38 primers. The average heterozygosity and genetic distance were calculated. The results suggested that the filial generation could inherit a little more genetic materials from paternal fish than that from maternal fish. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30571445), National High-Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program, No. 2006AA10A404), and Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2006DKA30470-017)     

OFDM系统导频信道估计内插算法研究(英文)

为保证OFDM系统的性能不受信道的多径和衰落效应的影响,需要采用信道估计的方法来跟踪信道响应的变化。目前使用比较多的是导频辅助信道估计,首先利用某种估计算法得到导频处信道响应,再通过某种一维或二维的内插算法获得完整的信道响应。研究了各种内插算法,包括常值内插、线性内插、高斯内插、Cubic内插、Sinc内插和变换域内插,并对各算法在不同信道环境下进行了仿真比较。     

新疆地区的"中世纪温暖期"——古尔班通古特沙漠四厂湖古环境的再研究

文章依据新疆天山北麓古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘的四厂湖人工剖面进行的孢粉分析、平均粒径、磁化率以及烧失量测定结果,揭示了四厂湖地区最近1000年以来的古环境特征。研究结果表明,在与被称之为"中世纪温暖期(900-1300A.D.)"相当的时段内,淡水的四厂湖湖体周边地区曾经生长着由中旱生的灌木及草本组成的荒漠草原植被,并分布有淡水沼泽隐域植被。当时气候湿润,湖区生物物种多样性增加。结合新疆其他地区的第四纪研究成果,反映出该时期新疆地区气候湿润、湖沼发育、植被生长旺盛,因此本区在中世纪时气候应称之为湿润期或适宜期。而中世纪前后,该区以旱生、超旱生植物花粉占绝对优势,湖区植物种类减少,风沙作用较强,荒漠化景观显著。     

俄罗斯东北部鄂霍次克--楚科奇火山岩带汞矿床与我国鸡血石矿床的对比

俄罗斯东北部鄂霍次克—楚科奇火山岩带中的某些汞矿床,其成矿地质背景及矿床地质特征与我国昌化、巴林鸡血石矿床有一定的相似性和可比性,主要表现在区域构造背景、火山岩含矿围岩、含矿构造和矿体形态、围岩蚀变矿区次火山岩体特征和矿床成因等方面。因此这些汞矿床的部分汞矿石作为珍贵的鸡血石资源利用可能具有一定的前景,进而可能大大拓展鸡血石的找矿前景。     

塔北南缘中奥陶统顺层岩溶储层特征及成因

塔北南缘中奥陶统地层序列完整,其上无长期暴露的不整合面,但是钻井揭示其中岩溶储层发育。以上奥陶统桑塔木组剥蚀线为界,塔北隆起可划分为潜山区和内幕区两部分,潜山区以洞穴型、裂缝+孔洞型储层为主;内幕区以裂缝+孔隙+孔洞型储层为主,孔隙+孔洞型储层和洞穴型储层也有发育。岩溶储层总体上呈层状分布,集中发育于中奥陶统顶面以下100 m范围内;平面上自潜山区向内幕区储层发育程度逐渐减弱,局部沿断裂集中分布。通过岩心、薄片、成像测井、水化学等资料和地质背景的分析认为,内幕区上奥陶统富泥质地层隔挡了潜流带地下水外泄地表,致使潜水面处于非完全稳定状态,其下"缓流带"具较高水势,为内幕区地下水运移提供了动力,从而在中奥陶统发生顺层岩溶作用。古隆起及斜坡背景为顺层岩溶储层的发育提供了地质背景,渗透性好的颗粒灰岩和裂缝系统为顺层岩溶作用提供了有效的流体通道,顺层岩溶作用则是各类储集空间形成的关键。     

近20余年来西北地区植被变化特征分析

利用1982—2003年8 km分辨率的NDVI数据集,选中国西北地区森林、草原、灌溉农业、雨养农业区不同类型植被为研究区,分析了植被年、年际变化特征,并对植被覆盖空间变化进行动态研究.结果表明:森林、草原、灌溉农业区和以春小麦为主的雨养农业区NDVI年变化为单峰型曲线,以冬小麦为主的雨养农业区NDVI曲线呈双峰型;同一类型的植被NDVI受纬度或海拔高度的影响,绿峰出现时间存在1个月的位相差.22 a来森林植被NDVI多呈下降趋势,草原植被区为上升趋势;雨养农业区变化不大,灌溉植被区呈显著的上升趋势.西北东部雨养农业区植被波动频率和幅度最大,是受降水影响最敏感的地区;森林植被次之;有灌溉条件的绿洲植被,年际间波动最小.22 a间西北地区植被以增加趋势为主,增加面积约为20.5%,主要分布在新疆和河西走廊绿洲、黄河沿岸灌区以及青海草区,水分条件充足的绿洲是NDVI增加最显著的区域;NDVI减少地区面积为4.77%,主要分布在西北东部.     

南平花岗伟晶岩中的磷酸盐矿物及地球化学演化规律

磷酸盐矿物是稀有金属花岗伟晶岩中最复杂的一组矿物，在中国以南平伟晶岩最为发育，目前已发现至少２２种磷酸盐矿物，其中属我国首次发现的有１４种。这些磷酸盐矿物分别形成于伟晶岩的原始花岗质岩浆结晶分异阶段和残余流体相对已结晶主体进行蚀变交代阶段。早期阶段以矿物数量众多为特征，而晚期则以磷酸盐矿物种类复杂、演化周期长而在国内独树一帜，深入研究这些磷酸盐矿物，对探讨稀有金属花岗伟晶岩的发育历史具有重要意义。     

微细浸染型金矿中原生矿石向氧化矿石转化机理探讨

本文以黔西南和桂西北微细浸染型金矿为例，讨论了该类型金矿原生矿石和氧化矿石中金的赋存状态差异，并从晶体化学和地球化学角度作了赋存原理分析，进而重点探讨了两类矿石中粘土矿物的表生淋滤转化的化学模式，为开展原生矿石的选冶工艺研究提供了新的思路。