Irregular wave-induced seepage action on cylinders resting on rubble mound foundation

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A long-term numerical model of morphodynamic evolution and its application to the Modaomen Estuary

Because of the influence of human activities,the evolution of the Modaomen Estuary is no longer a purely natural process.We used a long-term morphodynamic model(PRD-LTMM-10) to study the evolution of the estuary from 1977 to 1988.The model incorporated modules for riprap-siltation promotion and waterway dredging.The model can simulate the morphodynamic evolutionary processes occurring in the Modaomen Estuary during the period of interest.We were able to isolate the long-term influences of various human engineering activities and the roles of natural factors in estuarine evolution.The governance projects had the largest effect on the natural development of the estuary,resulting in larger siltation on the west side.Installation of riprap and reclamation of submerged land resulted in scouring of the main Hengzhou Channel causing deep trough out-shift.Severe siltation narrowed the upper end of the Longshiku Deep Trough.     

Study on SST front disappearance in the subtropical North Pacific using microwave SSTs

We investigated the processes relating to the weakening of the SST front in the subtropical front (STF) zone using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System SSTs for 7?years with temporal/spatial resolutions of 1?day/12.5?km. In April, the SST front is strong with a high gradient magnitude (GM) and Jensen–Shannon divergence (JSD) band; in August, SSTs become uniform (28–30?°C), together with small GMs (<0.8?°C/100?km) and JSDs (<0.75). Since the SST front features become invisible in GM/JSD snapshots and weekly–monthly averaged images, we call this phenomenon ‘SST front disappearance (SFD)’. The SFD occurs in August, but the number of high SSTs (>30?°C) in August is smaller than that in July, which indicates that the SFD results from not only the increase in lower SSTs but also the decrease in higher SSTs. In June and July, the GM distributions have quite large standard deviations compared to those in May and August. We also investigated the vertical profile of STF using in situ temperature/salinity profiles. It was revealed that the SFD influence extends to 50?m depth. The area of high integrated heat flux and shallow mixed layer depth were found to correspond to the area where the GM decreases from 0.9 to 0.6?°C/100?km during June–August. Quantitative analyses confirmed that the SFD mechanism may be attributable to the establishment of the shallow mixed layer by the high integrated heat flux from May to July. From July to August, the SST heating/cooling in the north/south of the SST front may accelerate the SFD.     

冬季台湾海峡210Po和210Pb的分布特征及颗粒物的输出

~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb are increasingly used to constrain particle dynamics in the open oceans, however they are less used in coastal waters. Here, distributions and partitions of ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb were examined in the Taiwan Strait, as well as their application to quantify particle sinking. Activity concentrations of dissolved ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb(0.6 μm)ranged from 1.21 to 7.63 dpm/(100 L) and from 1.07 to 6.33 dpm/(100 L), respectively. Activity concentrations of particulate ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb varied from 1.96 to 36.74 dpm/(100 L) and from 3.11 to 38.06 dpm/(100 L). Overall,particulate ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb accounted for the majority of the bulk ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb. 210 Po either in dissolved or particulate phases showed similar spatial patterns to 210 Pb, indicating similar mechanisms for controlling the distributions of ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb in the Taiwan Strait. The different fractionation coefficients indicated that particles in the Zhemin Coastal Current(ZCC) inclined to absorb 210 Po prior to 210 Pb while they showed an opposite effect in the Taiwan Warm Current(TWC). Based on the disequilibria between ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb, the sinking fluxes of total particulate matter(TPM) were estimated to range from –0.22 to 3.84 g/(m2·d), showing an overall comparable spatial distribution to previous reported sediment accumulation rates. However, our sinking fluxes were lower than the sedimentation rates, indicating a sediment resuspension in winter and horizontal transport of particulate matter from the Taiwan Strait to the East China Sea.     

秋季红沿河核电站海域水龄分布及其对水母丰度分布的影响

本研究调查了秋季红沿河核电站海域镭、氡同位素的活度水平及分布情况,结合镭同位素表观年龄模型计算该海域的水体年龄,进而得出研究区域的水体运移方向,初步探讨了水母丰度分布与水体运移的相关关系。得到结论如下：(1)红沿河核电站海域表层水体中²²⁴Ra、²²⁶Ra及²²²Rn的活度水平分别为2.9～62.4 dpm/(100 L),11.9～57.4 dpm/(100 L)及0.1～1.3 dpm/L,镭同位素活度呈现出近岸高、远岸低的分布趋势,氡同位素的分布则更大程度上受水温控制;(2)通过²²⁴Ra/²²⁶Ra表观年龄模型计算得出红沿河海域表层水体年龄范围介于0～16 d,平均年龄(10.9±3.6) d,水体主体流向为北偏东方向,流速为7.2 cm/s;(3)水母丰度分布与水体流向呈现出较为一致的对应关系,在主体流向方向上,水体年龄较大的海域水母丰度最高。     

Copper complexation by fulvic acid affects copper toxicity to the larvae of the polychaete Hydroides elegans

Copper toxicity is influenced by a variety of environmental factors including dissolved organic matter (DOM). We examined the complexation of copper by fulvic acid (FA), one of the major components of DOM, by measuring the decline in labile copper by anodic stripping voltammetrically (ASV). The data were described using a one-site ligand binding model, with a ligand concentration of 0.19micromol site mg(-1) C, and a logK' of 6.2. The model was used to predict labile copper concentration in a bioassay designed to quantify the extent to which Cu-FA complexation affected copper toxicity to the larvae of marine polychaete Hydroides elegans. The toxicity data, when expressed as labile copper concentration causing abnormal development, were independent of FA concentration and could be modeled as a logistic function, with a 48-h EC(50) of 58.9microgl(-1). However, when the data were expressed as a function of total copper concentration, the toxicity was dependent on FA concentration, with a 48-h EC(50) ranging from 55.6microgl(-1) in the no-FA control to 137.4microgl(-1) in the 20mgl(-1) FA treatment. Thus, FA was protective against copper toxicity to the larvae, and such an effect was caused by the reduction in labile copper due to Cu-FA complexation. Our results demonstrate the potential of ASV as a useful tool for predicting metal toxicity to the larvae in coastal environment where DOM plays an important role in complexing metal ions.     

大气气溶胶折射率虚部的宽谱反演方法Ⅱ.对比实验与应用研究

通过对比观测实验,分析了宽谱方法与总辐射-直射比方法对大气气溶胶折射率虚部的反演结果.对比结果表明:两种方法对虚部的反演结果分别为0.012±0.003和0.011±0.004.另外,本文直接利用气象台站的辐射观测资料计算了北京1992年的大气气溶胶折射率虚部,并分析了北京地区气溶胶的局地辐射气候效应,发现北京气溶胶的辐射气候效应在冬季是倾向于加热的,而其他季节则倾向于冷却.     

高温RF－SOUID磁力仪及其在大地电磁测深中的应用

嗓声失锁和钉扎磁通干扰是影响锁定式高温ＲＦ－ＳＯＵＩＤ磁力仪在野外长时间稳定工作的两大难题。由于采用了钉扎磁通消除器，并在高温ＲＦ－ＳＱＵＩＤ测控系统的设计中采取了一系列的技术措施，使我们选用国产ＹＢＣＯ块材ＲＦ－ＳＱＵＩＤ研制出的锁定式高温ＲＦ－ＳＯＵＩＤ磁力仪，可以在野外长达１４０００ｓ的测量期间内稳定工作不出现失锁和量子磁通跳变。在地层结构巳知的测点上，用这台高温ＲＦ－ＳＱＵＩＤ磁力仪得到的大地视电阻率曲线与西德ＫＩＭ－７８０２感应探头所得到的曲线几乎完全相同。     

福建顺昌特大地质灾害气象条件分析

利用测站雨量、加密区域自动站雨量、高空探测、卫星云图等资料,分析诱发顺昌"6.18"特大滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷等地质灾害的气象成因。结果表明,除地质地貌自然原因和人为因素外,与罕见连续特强降水天气过程的前期气候背景有关的是高空槽区稳定、中低层切变维持、高低空急流存在、中尺度系统强烈发展、充沛水汽输送辐合等气象条件导致特大暴雨引发地质灾害。     

风积沙漠地区三维地震勘探资料处理中Q补偿应用实例

在有效波组为低频、低噪且地质任务以小构造解释为目标的地区,采用Q补偿技术有利于提高有效波组的主频,达到提高纵向分辨率的目的。以鄂尔多斯某勘探区为例,采用Q值补偿技术,以克服该区沙漠地貌明显的吸收衰减滤波效应问题,提高其地震资料的中、高频成分。通过对Q补偿参数进行测试,发现Q值为50时有效波响应明显。应用结果表明,经Q补偿后,地震时间剖面有效波主频明显提高,DF7、DF8断层在补偿后的地震时间剖面上较补偿前断点更清晰、位置解释误差更少。