Interactive generalization on large-scale topographical map supported by a database platform

This paper makes a study on the interactive digital generalization, where map generalization can be divided into intellective reasoning procedure and operational procedure, which are done by human and computer, respectively. And an interactive map generalization environment for large scale topographic map is then designed and realized. This research focuses on: ¹ the significance of researching an interactive map generalization environment, ² the features of large scale topographic map and interactive map generalization, ³ the construction of map generalization-oriented database platform.     

一种新的布设沉降观测点的方法

一些构筑物,不能按常规方法埋设观测点,介绍一种新的布设沉降观测点的方法一粘合观测点法,并通过工程实践,对新观测点稳固性进行了统计、分析。     

青海软玉与新疆软玉的对比研究

通过青海软玉与新疆软玉较系统的比较研究，总结出青海软玉与新疆软玉的异同点，为青海软玉的市场定位提出意见和建议，并为软玉矿床的找矿与勘探指明了方向。     

江西广丰白垩系盆地中两类玄武岩的特征及其与盆地演化的关系

江西广丰－上饶地区沿江绍断裂带和信江断裂带展布有一系列ＮＥ－ＮＥＥ走向的白垩系断陷盆地,在断陷盆地沉积的同时发育了大面积分布的白垩系玄武岩,这套玄武岩被划分为与盆地演化阶段有关的两个喷发亚旋回,即早期的茅店亚旋回和中晚期的塘边亚旋回,分属拉斑玄武岩系列和钾玄岩系列。前者喷发于陆相陆上环境,相对低钾、轻稀土及地幔不相容元素,具接近原始幔源岩浆的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ、Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素组成,岩浆来源深度较浅（５６ｋｍ）,经历了以橄榄石为主的镁铁矿物的分离结晶作用。后者喷发于陆相水下环境,富钾、轻稀土及地幔不相容元素,具壳幔混源的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ、Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素组成,岩浆来源较深（８３ｋｍ）,在莫霍面附近混染了壳源物质。这两类玄武岩在成因上的上述差异,主要受控于盆地下应力状态及裂谷深度的变化。     

Fraction of Cd in oasis soil and its bioavailability to commonly grown crops in Northwest China

Heavy metals in the soil–plant system resulting from mining and wastewater irrigation have greatly threatened human health and sustainable development in Northwest China. This research used pot experiments to study the bioavailability of Cd in irrigated desert soil from the oasis regions and conducted a human health risk assessment of the Cd content in vegetables. The results show that the content of Cd associated with exchangeable and carbonate metal fractionations is not uniform in arid oasis soils cultivated with the commonly grown vegetables. These common growth vegetables are: Cole (Brassica campestris L.), Celery (Apium Graveolens L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.). The results show that the content of Cd in the edible part of cole was significantly higher than celery and carrots in almost all of the treatments. However, cole can grow normally and keep increasing its biomass at a sustainable rate under the highest concentration of Cd added in the experiment. Cole is not a suitable vegetable to be planted for consumption in arid soil contaminated with Cd, celery planted under lower concentration of Cd will not threaten human health, and carrots are suitable to be planted in arid soil contaminated with Cd even in the highest concentration used in the experiment. According to this conclusion, stricter soil management systems should be implemented to protect arid land soil resources and to protect human health from the toxicity impacts.     

关于苏联的平流动力分析法在东亚应用的几个问题

自从第一次全国气象技术会议后,苏联的平流动力分析法已开始在国内各预告单位陆续应用起来.中央气象台的预报工作同志在学习苏联的号召下,首先学习平流动力的理论部份,並以“锋生与高空变形场的改变、“气旋与反气旋的发生与发展”、“变压变高的平流动力理论与应用”等书为主要参考文件,同时,我们在日常天气讨论或预告工作中将学习所得的一些规则结合实况试用.     

基于ZY3 DEM和SRTM DEM的北京平原区地貌特征探析

研究区主要包括北京东部的通州、平谷、顺义、燕郊、大厂和三河,位于华北沉降带北部、阴山东西向构造带南缘。该区地势总体上西北略高,东南略低,为大型缓倾斜平原,地形不仅受本区内北东向断裂的影响,还受北西向断裂的影响。资源三号卫星立体影像(ZY3)DEM和NASA航天飞机雷达地形任务(SRTM)DEM在北京地区地貌特征研究中显示出了许多优于其他DEM的优势。文章利用包括水系偏转、河长坡降指标(SL)、面积-高程积分值(HI)、等值线分级色彩显示和地形粗糙度等几种地形参数,分析了地形特征与断层构造活动性的关系。水系的右旋偏转证实了该区北东向断裂的右旋走滑活动,如夏垫断裂和其他相邻断裂。SL指数表明,河床纵剖面在横跨断层处均是陡坡;HI的高值主要集中在南口-孙河断裂与该区其他北东向断裂的交汇处,夏垫断裂的中段,以及香河县西北部,反映了该区强烈的构造活动,同时也反映出可能存在隐伏断层。另外,研究表明,面积、高程积分值的高值区与低值区相邻衔接处,往往是地震危险性较大的地方。此外,平原区相同值域的面积-高程积分所反映的构造活动强度应该与山区不同,因此地貌演化阶段划分标准也应与山区有所不同。等值线分级色彩显示对地形变化非常敏感,当与已识别的断层重叠时,大部分地形突变的地方都与断层活动有关。地形粗糙度分析显示不同断裂带的地形粗糙度与断裂活动强度呈正相关关系。     

Debris flow hazard assessment at Dongmatun Village in Laomao mountainous area of Dalian,Northeast China

After a heavy and continuous rainfall from July 27 to 28, 1981, geological disasters involving large debris flow affected the northern part of Wafangdian City and Pulandian City in Dalian, northeast China, and caused considerable loss of life and property. In recent years, precipitation has continued to increase significantly in Dalian, where the largest debris flow gully, named the Dongmatuncun main ditch, is situated. The Dongmatuncun main ditch is 2 km away from the north side of the right bank of the Fudu River in Wanjialing, Wafangdian City. The geomorphological and hydrological conditions, combined with the characteristics of the debris flow solid source, are conducive to debris flow development. Moreover, with an increase in rainfall, debris flow recurrence becomes increasingly likely. We study the debris flow gully in Dongmatun Village by analyzing the formation conditions through field survey. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process are used to evaluate the risk of debris flow. Results indicate that the debris flow gully in Dongmatun Village is highly dangerous and debris flow occurs during heavy rainfall. In addition, the breakout of debris flow can threaten human life and property.     

鹤庆盆地湖相岩心磁化率记录及其古环境意义

鹤庆盆地位于受印度季风影响的中国西南地区, 沉积连续, 厚度大, 是古环境研究的理想场所。本文主要通过对鹤庆湖相岩心磁化率记录的分析研究, 并结合碳酸盐、烧失量和粒度特征对古环境变化的响应机理, 探讨了沉积物中磁化率的古环境指示意义。本研究发现, 磁化率与碳酸盐和烧失量具有显著的相反变化; 而与粒度的关系较为复杂。磁化率与指示粗颗粒变化的中值粒径在含砂(砾)层具有较好的正相关关系; 与指示细颗粒变化的 < 4μm颗粒的相对含量, 在湖相粘土沉积中具有较为明显的正相关关系, 表明湖相沉积物中的亚铁磁性矿物主要来自于外源带入的粘土粒级碎屑物中。通过分析磁化率对古环境变化的响应机制, 并结合碳酸盐含量、烧失量和粒度变化特征, 本研究认为鹤庆盆地湖相岩心的磁化率记录可以用来反映水动力对物源区地表的侵蚀强度和搬运状况, 与流域内植被覆盖和降雨量密切相关。在干旱的冰期, 植被覆盖度较低, 地表侵蚀加剧, 带入湖泊的粘土粒级碎屑含量增加, 磁化率增高; 在湿润的间冰期, 植被覆盖度较高, 地表侵蚀减弱, 粘土粒级碎屑物的带入量减少, 磁化率降低。      

古龙油田油-水同层油藏形成主控因素与分布规律

松辽盆地北部中央坳陷的古龙油田葡萄花油层油-水关系复杂,油层原始含油饱和度低,油-水同层比例大.应用近年来精细油藏评价大量钻井、试油、试采和分析化验资料,深入研究油-水同层形成主控;因素,认为葡萄花油层成藏受到构造、砂体规模、异常高压和地层水活动强弱的控制,形成了两种类型的油-水同层,并建立占龙凹陷葡萄花油层西滞留、东分异的差异性成藏模式,总结出古龙油田葡萄花油层滞留型、分异型油-水同层分布规律,为大面积油-水同层岩性油藏提交探明储量、编制开发方案提供了依据.