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991.
In this study, signal processing approaches and nonlinear identification are used to measure seismic responses of reinforced concrete (RC) structures using the shaking table test. To analyze structural nonlinearity, an equivalent linear system with time‐varying model parameters, singular spectrum analysis to elucidate residual deformation, and wavelet packet transformation analysis to yield the energy distribution among components are adopted to detect the nonlinearity. Then, damage feature extraction is conducted using both the Holder exponent and the Level‐1 detail of the discrete wavelet component. Finally, the modified Bouc‐Wen hysteretic model and the system identification process are employed to the shaking table test data to evaluate the physical parameters, including the stiffness degradation, the strength deterioration and the pinching hysteresis. Finally, the identified stiffness and strength degradation functions from the test data of RC frames in relation to the degree of ground shaking, damage index and the identified nonlinear features are discussed. Based on the proposed method, both signal‐based and model‐based identifications, the relationship between the damage occurrence and severity of structural damage can be identified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
992.
993.
Sources and distributions of tetraether lipids in surface sediments across a large river-dominated continental margin 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Chun Zhu Johan W.H. Weijers Thomas WagnerJian-Ming. Pan Jian-Fang ChenRichard D. Pancost 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(4):376-386
Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT)-based proxies are increasingly used in modern carbon cycling and palaeoenvironmental investigations. It is therefore crucial to examine the robustness (sources, transport and degradation) of all GDGT-based proxies in continental margins, where sedimentation rates and extent of carbon cycling are high. We have analyzed the distributions of GDGTs in surface sediments from the Lower Yangtze River and East China Sea (ECS) shelf. The results revealed multiple sources and complex shelf processes that govern the distributions. The isoprenoid GDGT-inferred sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are robust and reflect the satellite-derived annual mean SSTs on the shallow ECS shelf, confirming an origin from surface water column-dwelling crenarchaeota. The input from methanogen-sourced, isoprenoid GDGTs is significant in the river surface sediments but they are almost absent from the ECS shelf. Branched GDGTs are also abundant in the river sediments, but ca. 95% are degraded in the Yangtze estuary, a much greater extent than observed for other terrigenous organic matter (OM) proxies. There is also evidence for production of branched GDGTs in the oxic ECS shelf water column and the anoxic sediments/waters of the Lower Yangtze River. As a result, branched GDGT-based proxies in the lower river and ECS surface sediments do not reflect the catchment environmental conditions. The effective degradation in the estuary and widespread aquatic contributions of branched GDGTs improves our understanding of how to use branched GDGT-based proxies in marginal seas. 相似文献
994.
Single-crystal and powder electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies of natural amethyst quartz, before and
after isochronal annealing between 573 and 1,173 K, have been made from 90 to 294 K. Single-crystal EPR spectra confirm the
presence of two substitutional Fe3+ centers. Powder EPR spectra are characterized by two broad resonance signals at g = ~10.8 and 4.0 and a sharp signal at g = 2.002. The sharp signal is readily attributed to the well-established oxygen vacancy electron center E
1′. However, the two broad signals do not correspond to any known Fe3+ centers in the quartz lattice, but are most likely attributable to Fe3+ clusters on surfaces. The absolute numbers of spins of the Fe3+ species at g = ~10.8 have been calculated from powder EPR spectra measured at temperatures from 90 to 294 K. These results have been used
to extract thermodynamic potentials, including Gibbs energy of activation ΔG, activation energy E
a, entropy of activation ΔS and enthalpy of activation ΔH for the Fe3+ species in amethyst. In addition, magnetic susceptibilities (χ) have been calculated from EPR data at different temperatures. A linear relationship between magnetic susceptibility and
temperature is consistent with the Curie–Weiss law. Knowledge about the stability and properties of Fe3+ species on the surfaces of quartz is important to better understanding of the reactivity, bioavailability and heath effects
of iron in silica particles. 相似文献
995.
The representation of the surface of a rock fracture and a numerical method to simulate fluid flow in single fractures are the keys to understanding the hydraulic behaviour of rock fractures. In this paper, a cellular automaton (CA) approach is used to generate the single fracture structure, which is assumed to be composed of contacts and voids. We develop a CA evolution rule to produce a contact area, and randomly model a single rock fracture with different contact ratios to reflect natural fracture properties such as dead voids, islands and tortuous flow path. Then, based on the localisation theory of a CA, a numerical method to simulate fluid flow in single fractures with contacts is developed. In this method, the fracture is discretised into a system composed of cell elements. Different apertures, i.e., zero for contacts and non-zero for voids, are assigned to each cell element. Therefore, the contribution of the cell elements in a contact on a cell’s transmissivity can be ignored completely. The local transmissivity is assumed to conform to the cubic law. The fluid flow in a fracture with different contact situations is then modelled using the method established in this paper. The fluid flow path, flow velocity and fluid head distributions as well as the channel flow in the fracture are well-modelled. The flow behaviour of the fracture strongly depends on the effective fluid flow path. 相似文献
996.
997.
湖北江陵凹陷深层高温富钾卤水特征及其成因探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
江汉盆地江陵凹陷深处赋存高温富钾卤水,含卤地层主要是古新统沙市组。富钾卤水的分布受持续的继承性沉降中心(洼陷)、沙市组含盐系、石盐-硫酸盐沉积相的控制,聚集在砂岩、玄武岩、辉绿岩和白云岩等孔隙-裂隙内,裂隙的发育又与局部构造(背斜、盐构造等)枢纽部共轭裂隙带有关。古新世,盐湖已经蒸发浓缩到钙芒硝-石盐阶段,可能短暂达到硫酸镁盐和硫酸钾镁盐阶段。以后,原生的晶间卤水在成岩后期受到玄武岩侵入和高温流体影响,发生变质作用、去镁和去硫酸根作用,同时带入丰富的钾、铷、铯等元素,最后形成了高温富钾卤水。这种成矿过程可称为地下热事件激发成矿机制,值得进一步探讨。 相似文献
998.
999.
To understand the electrical structure of the Sulu(苏鲁) terrane,we analyzed the resis-tivity logs of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling main hole(CCSD-MH) and obtained the statis-tical characteristics of the resistivity log of ultrahigh-pressure(UHP) metamorphic rocks.To check the logs' quality,we compared the resistivity log data with the core test data.The two datasets show a good coherence.On the whole,the resistivity of the UHP metamorphic rocks from the CCSD-MH is very high(mostly higher than 1... 相似文献
1000.