黑龙江省毛家屯花岗岩中碱性暗色矿物特征及其地质意义

碱性暗色矿物作为具有特殊指示意义的矿物,其存在对岩浆演化过程具有重要的意义。毛家屯花岗岩体位于兴蒙造山带东部的小兴安岭—张广才岭南段,岩体内部发育碱性暗色矿物。以毛家屯岩体内部发育的碱性暗色矿物为研究对象,进行了矿物学和矿物化学电子探针分析。研究表明,碱性角闪石的类型为铁-镁铝钠闪石,具有富碱,尤其富钠、富硅、富铁、贫钙、镁、钛等特征。辉石的类型为霓辉石,化学特征上高硅-高钠,高铁,低钛、镁、铝、锰。碱性暗色矿物主岩为碱性岩,成因类型为铝质A型花岗岩类。毛家屯花岗岩碱性角闪石具有很低的M值,证明其来源于地壳物质的熔融。毛家屯花岗岩中碱性角闪石的特征指示,在结晶过程中,岩浆体系处于封闭还原条件,且岩体从中央到边部存在偏酸性和偏基性组分分带现象。结合前人的同位素和年代学方面的分析资料,认为毛家屯碱性花岗岩形成于造山后期伸展转换环境中。     

云南元谋干热河谷土地退化及其防治对策*

本文探讨了云南元谋干热河谷土地退化的特点、分布及其危害,提出了加强基础教育、控制人口增长、改革耕作制度、继续农业基础设施建设、因地制宜发展林业和农业等于热河谷土地退化防治对策。     

燕山造山带燕山期构造叠加及其大地构造背景

广泛的岩浆活动和强烈的构造变形是中国东部燕山期造山作用的两个主要特征。火成岩的空间展布,特别是同构造侵入杂岩体和火山岩盆地的展布与同期变形带的走向(和构造指向)具有很强相关性。本文通过火成岩构造组合、构造形迹及岩浆-构造事件序列等的共同约束,讨论华北地区燕山板内造山带造山过程中的构造叠加、构造应力场转换及其形成的大地构造背景。研究认为,燕山地区发育的“花边状”的褶皱和被褶皱的逆冲推覆带等,是多幕挤压变形叠加的记录。早侏罗世晚期(J31 )、中侏罗世晚期(J32 )、晚侏罗世中期(J23 )、晚侏罗世晚期(J33 )和早白垩世早期(K11 )5期不同方向展布的火成岩对应方向不同的收缩构造,提出早白垩世早期(K11 )本区可能存在区域北西向挤压构造及该期华北地区总体仍处于收缩构造环境的认识。华北燕山造山带是在蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造带,上扬(斯克)—楚科奇(斯克) (Verkhoyano-Chukotsk)造山带,伊泽奈崎(Izanagi)洋俯冲带和特提斯洋俯冲带4个边界会聚大背景中形成和演化的。     

弦支穹顶结构的抗震性能研究

弦支穹顶是一种受力性能优良的结构体系，它综合了单层网壳结构和索穹顶结构的优点，详细分析了影响弦支穹顶结构自振特性的各类参数，指出了边界条件对结构抗震性能的决定性影响。研究表明：当采用径向滑动边界时，即边界节点竖向和法向受到约束而容许径向在水平面滑动时，局部布索的弦支穹顶具有较佳的抗震性能；当边界条件相同时，弦支穹顶在水平地震和竖向地震作用下反应相似，只是程度上不同。     

黄海、东海底栖生物的生态特点

黄海和东海，连同渤海，是面积广阔的陆缘海，绝大部分区域的深度不超过160m，超过200m的深水区范围很小，东海平均深度370m，黄海平均深度44m ，渤海只有18m。黄海、东海的海底地形、海流系统和水团结构都相当复杂。强大的高温高盐黑潮暖流水和以长江为主体的低盐冲淡水占主导地位。北部的黄海冷水则是在特殊的地理和气候条件下形成的夏季低温水团，而台湾暖流和黄海暖流对局部海域水文状况也有一定的影响。它们的存在及其相互作用决定了黄海和东海海域的底栖动物区系性质。此外，海底沉积物结构类型及其理化性质对底栖动物的组成和分布也有相当大的影响，不同种的分布式样明显地反映了粗、细、软、硬底质的分布轮廓；而有些底内动物的活动又对沉积物的物理纹层和化学特点产生一定的影响。 黄海、东海底栖动物种类很多，有的种数量很大，不少种(虾类)是具有经济价值的渔业捕捞对象，或是经济鱼虾的天然饵料，有些又可作为水团、海流的指示种，与生物资源的开发利用以及海洋生物科学的发展有密切关系。本文根据多年调查资料，系统反映中国东部近海大型底栖动物的概貌和生态特点，内容包括种类和群落组成、分布及其与水文和沉积环境的关系。     

基于水声环境空间中多模态深度融合模型的目标识别方法研究

随着对水下目标特性研究的深入和声学探测技术的发展,基于单模态的阵列式信息融合或基于空间信息的分布式信息融合的水下目标识别方法研究已有一定成果,但针对复杂海况导致单一物理场或单一融合层次的系统识别性能提高有限等方面影响的水下目标识别方法研究还有所不足,因此,开展基于多模态深度融合模型的水下目标识别方法研究可利用模态互补,共享信息而提升识别率。文中在国内外研究基础上,深入研究了基于到达时差法和多模态方法组合的检测方法,初步形成了基于水声环境空间中多模态深度融合模型的识别框架,开展了海洋中典型自然与人为事件的信号分析与特征提取,并在此基础上,设计新型基于海底基站的被动识别系统。该系统同步记录和由位置等组成的时间序列标记声、磁和压数据,可实现高精度、高分辨率的识别。本研究可满足未来海洋观测对高性能水下目标探测、定位和跟踪系统的迫切需要,为海洋安全监管、海洋突发事件应急响应等领域提供新的技术手段和科学参考。     

1959-2003年中国天山积雪的变化

Mcteorological data at 17 weather stations in the Tianshan Mountains from 1959 to 2003 were analyzed to explore the variations in temperature and snow cover.The abrupt change test for snow depth was performed using Mann-Kendall statistic.The spatial distribution of maximum snow depth was calculated by employing GIDS interpolation and DEM data.The results show that mean temperature in winter had a rising trend at a rate of 0.44℃/10a.The minimum temperature in winter increased more evidently at a rate of 0.79℃/10a.The maximum snow depth has obviously deepened at a rate of 1.15 cm/10 a in the past 45 years,and it was about 16% higher than the average during 1991-2003.The Mann-Kendall statistic test of snow depth indicates that the abrupt change occurred in 1976.The maximum increment for snow cover depth occurred in Zhaoshu(Kunes)(39.3%)and Nilka(39.7%)in the west Tiansban Mountains.In contrast,the snow cover depth reduced by 17% in Barkol in the east Tianshan Mountains.There was a primary change periodicity of about 2.8 years in snow cover.In addition,snow cover days with a depth more than 10 cm increased distinctly,however,there was no obvious advance or delay in snow beginning and ending dates.     

Investigation on gas migration behaviours in saturated compacted bentonite under rigid boundary conditions

Acta Geotechnica - To ensure the long-term safety and performance efficiency of a deep geological repository for disposal of high-level radioactive waste, understanding and assessment of gas...     

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000156

Employing the Unit Soil Carbon Amount (USCA) approach, soil carbon storage was calculated across the Northeast Plain of China based on the Multi-purpose Regional Geochemical Survey conducted in 2004 – 2006 (MRGS). The results indicated that the soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in topsoil (0 – 0.2 m), subsoil (0 – 1 m) and deep soil (0 – 1.8 m) was 768.1 Mt, 2978.4 Mt and 3729.2 Mt with densities of 3327.8 t/km2, 12,904.7 t/km2 and 16,157.5 t/km2, respectively. These values were consistent with national averages, whereas the soil carbon densities showed a clear increasing trend from the southern area of the Northeast Plain (Liaoning), to the middle (Jilin) and the northern Plain (Heilongjiang) — particularly in terms of topsoil carbon density, which increased from 2284.2, to 3436.7 and 3861.5 t/km2, respectively. In comparison to carbon data obtained from the Second National Soil Survey in 1984 – 1986 (SNSS), the topsoil SOC storage values from the MRGS were found to have decreased by 320.59 Mt (29.4%), with an average annual decline of 16.0 Mt (l.73%) over the 20 years. In the southern, middle and northern areas of the plain, soil carbon densities decreased by 1060.6 t/km2, 1646.4 t/km2 and 1300.2 t/km2, respectively, with an average value of 1389.0 t/km2 for the whole plain. These findings indicate that the decrease in soil carbon density varied according to the different ecosystems and land use types. Therefore, ratios of soil carbon density were calculated in order to study the carbon dynamic balance between ecosystems, and to further explore distribution characteristics, as well as the sequestration potential of SOC.