云南金沙厂铅锌矿床地球化学特征及其指示意义

位于扬子地块西南缘的“川滇黔铅锌矿集区”是我国西南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分, 金沙厂铅锌矿床是其中典型矿床之一, 前人针对金沙厂矿床的成矿物质来源和成矿流体特征开展了大量研究, 但围岩对成矿的贡献和矿床成因仍不明确。针对这一问题, 本文系统分析了金沙厂闪锌矿及围岩的微量元素组成, 结合围岩和萤石的稀土元素特征, 探讨了围岩对成矿的贡献, 厘定了矿床成因。研究表明, 闪锌矿以富集Cd、Ge、Cu、Ga, 贫Fe、Mn、In、Co、Ni为特征, 这些元素多以类质同象的形式赋存在闪锌矿中, 个别元素如Cu、Ge等含量变化范围较大, 可能与低温流体有关。矿床中闪锌矿存在多种颜色的原因可能是Cu、Ge等多种元素共同作用的结果。近矿端的围岩明显富集Zn、Pb、As、Cd等元素, 而闪锌矿中同样富集这些元素, 说明围岩为成矿提供了部分金属元素。萤石继承了围岩的Eu、Ce负异常, 并受到了具有较高Ce负异常的成矿流体影响。萤石较围岩具有较高的Y/Ho比值, 说明萤石中的部分Y来源于围岩, 从而导致萤石具有较高的Y/Ho值。总体上, 该矿床中闪锌矿微量元素组成与MVT矿床基本一致, 明显有别于喷流沉积型、岩浆热液型和远端夕卡岩型矿床, 其成矿温度属于低温范围, 结合其矿床地质地球化学特征, 本文认为金沙厂铅锌矿床属于MVT铅锌矿床。     

星叶石族矿物红外光谱研究

在新测定的星叶石晶体结构资料的基础上,对星叶石矿物进行了详细和红外光谱研究,对比了单斜及三斜星叶石的红光谱特征,并对星叶石中工外吸收振动的归属问题进行了讨论。     

Authigenic zeolites in the sedimentary mantle of the world ocean

The paper deals with results of general and systematic analysis of data from deep-sea drilling (360 stations) and a personal study carried out by the authors on the distribution and facies location of authigenic zeolites in the sedimentary mantle of the World Ocean.The scheme of zeolite distribution, compiled for the Holocene—Pleistocene, Miocene, Eocene and Cretaceous periods confirmed the previously established global stratification of zeolites. It showed that the main mass of phillipsite was formed during the Pleistocene—Holocene, while clinoptilolite was a predominant mineral in Eocene and Cretaceous rocks. Both zeolites were wide-spread in the Oligocene and Miocene. Facies location and paragenesis of associated minerals as well as the original material of their formation are different for phillipsite and clinoptilolite.The most probable reasons for vertical stratification of oceanic zeolites of global significance are changes of the character of volcanism in time and general evolution of sedimentation in the World Ocean.     

Geochemical types of Volkhovites and possible diamond resource potential of areas occupied by Holocene fluidisites

Volkhovites—tektite-like glasses—have been detected in the Holocene glacial drift along the right bank of the Volkhov River. A cryptomagmatic model of their formation and pre-Holocene age of volkhovite melts, cinder, and frothed glasses has been suggested (Skublov et al., 2007). Four geochemical types of volkhovites are distinguished: (1) manganous (Mn, Fe, Cr, V, Si, Nb, Pb, H), (2) magnesian (Mg, Al, Ti, F, B), (3) potassic (K, Rb, Cs), and (4) calcic (Ca, REEs, Ba, U, Th, Ta, Hf, Y, Sc, Cl). In light of the geochemical data, volkhovites are regarded as natural silicate glasses of kimberlite-carbonatite composition. Their types are called kimberlitic (Mn type), kimberlitic-carbonatitic (Mg type), lamproitic-carbonatitic (K type), and carbonatitic (Ca type). Volkhovites are suggested to be indicators of undiscovered diamond mineralization of kimberlite or carbonatite (Chagatai) types.     

黔西南水银洞金矿床流体包裹体研究

水银洞金矿床是黔西南典型的特大型卡林型金矿床之一。但其成矿流体来源尚有争议。通过对水银洞金矿床脉石英和方解石中流体包裹体的温度与压力、盐度与密度、包裹体成分和包裹体H和O同位素等方面的研究,指出水银洞卡林型金矿床成矿流体属中低温(96.7~220℃)、低盐度(NaCl)0.635%~9.861%,平均值为4.282%±2.260%、中等密度(0.725~0.977 g/cm3,平均值为0.910±0.061 g/cm3);脉石英阶段流体水化学类型属Cl--Na+型或SO42--Cl-Na+型,方解石阶段属SO42--Cl--Ca2+型。成矿流体压力可能为高-超高压(160±40 MPa);成矿流体主要是大气降水形成的地下热水,可能有部分岩浆热液的掺入。     

北祁连西段柳沟峡铁（铜）矿田牙形刺的发现及其地质意义

笔者依据北祁连山西段柳沟峡铁铜矿田原定长城系朱龙关群含铁（铜）矿火山沉积宕系中新发现的牙形刺化石Ｐｈａｋｅｌｏｄｕｓｏｆｆｅｎｕｉｓ（Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ）Ｐｒｏａｃｏｎｔｉｏｄｕｓ；（∈２－３、∈３）和青白口系大柳沟群碳酸盐岩中新发现的Ｔｒｉｐｏｄｕｓ？Ｓｐ（Ｏ１），并与青海郭密寺地区中寒武统黑茨沟群中所发现的牙形刺化石（∈３－Ｏ１）属种相类似而论，认为上述原定地层还有可能重新厘定为寒武一奥陶系和奥陶系。这一发现为研究和恢复北祁连西段区域构造格架及区域构造演化历史提供了早古生代化石依据，对查明铁（铜）矿等的形成环境、总结成矿规律、扩大找矿效果具有较深远的意义。     

新疆北部幔源岩浆矿床的类型、时空分布及成矿谱系

新疆北部与幔源岩浆有关的矿床种类齐全,成矿环境复杂,时代和类型繁多,在中国乃至世界颇具特色。主要矿床类型包括铬铁矿矿床、钒钛磁铁矿矿床、铜镍硫化物矿床、铂族元素(PGE)矿床、铜镍-钒钛铁复合型矿床、含钴磁铁矿矿床、玄武岩自然铜矿床、热液型钴-多金属矿床,以及非金属矿床等。按照含矿地质体的类型,可分为6种类型:蛇绿岩型、层状杂岩型、小侵入体型、阿拉斯加型、浅成岩型和喷出岩型。这些幔源岩浆矿床可划分为3个成岩成矿系列:铜镍系列、钛铁系列和铬铁系列。钛铁系列以碱性层状岩体型钒钛磁铁矿、铁磷矿为代表,岩石具有明显的富Fe特征,属于碱性富铁质的高钛玄武岩系列;铜镍系列以小侵入体型铜镍矿、阿拉斯加型铜镍-PGE矿为代表,岩石属于铁质的拉斑玄武岩-钙碱性系列;铬铁系列主要为蛇绿岩型铬铁矿,岩石具富Mg贫Fe特征,属于镁质系列。3个系列的岩浆都具有亏损地幔源特征,可能都与地幔柱活动有关;岩浆源区富含相应的成矿元素,是形成3个系列矿床相应成矿地质体的主要条件。3个系列矿床的成矿机制可分为深部熔离/岩浆分异、就地分凝、矿浆贯入、岩浆热液等过程。根据各系列矿床之间存在的紧密联系,建立了与幔源岩浆作用有关的3个系列矿床综合模式: 亏损地幔部分熔融产生的幔源岩浆在上升过程中发生熔离/分异,分离为3个系列,由于外部物质加入在地壳深部发生分异和熔离,在不同深度富集形成铬铁矿、钒钛磁铁矿和铜镍硫化物矿床,临近地表时流体富集和分离成含矿流体,分别形成浅成岩型磁铁矿和喷出岩型自然铜矿。新疆北部各类幔源岩浆矿床从早到晚主要产于3期构造阶段/构造类型: 大陆裂解期、板块俯冲期、碰撞/后碰撞造山期(又分3个阶段: 碰撞后伸展阶段、幔柱叠加造山阶段、后碰撞结束阶段)。     

锰矿石脱硫产物处理含铜废水动态实验研究

氧化型锰矿石脱硫产物含大量硫化锰,利用这种材料装填固定床进行净化水中铜离子的动态试验.在材料粒径0.45～0.9mm、进水pH=5.8、进水滤速4.58 m/h条件下,1 t锰矿石脱硫产物可以处理923 tρ(Cu~(2+))=50 mg/L的含铜废水,出水ρ(Cu~(2+))<0.5 mg/L,低于国家一级排放标准.控制进水pH在4～9之间、降低进水滤速、采用较小粒径的材料有利于提高锰矿石脱硫产物处理含铜废水的容量.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)对材料和产物进行表征,证明锰矿石脱硫产物去除水中铜离子是基于离子交换反应的原理.     

Adsorption of phenanthrene on Al (oxy)hydroxides formed under the influence of tannic acid

Although there has been substantial research done on adsorption of metals/metalloids by Al (oxy)hydroxides, little is known regarding the adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Al (oxy)hydroxides, especially those formed in the presence of organic acid. This paper investigated the adsorption of phenanthrene on Al (oxy)hydroxides formed with initial tannate/Al molar ratios (MRs) 0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 (referred to MR0, MR0.001, MR0.01, and MR0.1, respectively) through batch adsorption experiments and FTIR study. The results showed that Al (oxy)hydroxides were important sorbents for phenanthrene. The adsorption kinetic data were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order equation. According to a modified Freundlich model, the adsorption capacities of Al (oxy)hydroxides followed a descending order of MR0.1 > MR0 ≥ MR0.01 > MR0.001, which was inconsistent with the organic carbon content in the Al (oxy)hydroxides. Adsorption capacity correlated with the specific surface area, micropore area, and micropore diameter of Al (oxy)hydroxides, yet the relationships were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). FTIR results showed that physical interaction was essential in phenanthrene adsorption onto the Al (oxy)hydroxides, which could be explained by an entropy-driven process. Surface hydrophobicity of Al (oxy)hydroxides played a key role in phenanthrene adsorption. Additional π–π electron donor–acceptor interaction of phenanthrene (acting as electron donor) with aromatic ring of tannic acid (electron acceptor) could be also important in phenanthrene adsorption by high MR Al (oxy)hydroxides, yet it needs further study. The findings obtained in the present study are of fundamental significance in understanding the mechanism of immobilization of PAHs in low organic matter but oxide-rich soils.     

New data on mineralogy and metallogeny of scarns in the Pitkyaranta ore region

A wide application of modern precision research techniques to the studies of Pitkyaranta ores allowed us to find increased contents of indium (to 0.33%), silver (447 g/t), gold (0.2–0.4 g/t), and palladium (0.2 g/t). A series of rare minerals previously not found here was also discovered. Among ore minerals, these are roquesite, zavartskite, electrum, stutzite, altaite, bismite, glaucodot, cervelleite, hedleyite, pavonite, cannonite, plantnerite, lindkvistite, ashoverite, etc. The discovery of roquesite and electrum is the most important in terms of metallogeny. Roquesite (indium sulfide) is found in Karelia for the first time. The highest indium contents in direct correlation to those of zinc are characteristic for polymetallic ores of the Pitkyaranta ore fields with sphalerite as the concentrating mineral (to 0.5% of In). The predicted zinc resources are evaluated to ∼2.5 million t for the Pitkyaranta group of ore deposits, and to 400 000 t for the Hopunvaara region. Respectively, the resources of indium amount to ∼2400 t (total) and 600 t for the Hopunvaara region.