冲绳海槽北部西坡的古三角洲沉积

自20世纪70年代我国开展东海海洋地质调査以来,在海底经常能发现河流、河口沉积物以及与水道相似的负地形、称为古河道、古三角洲或古河口等(李全兴,1990；金翔龙,1992；石斯器等,1989；秦蕴珊等、1987)第四纪气候频繁波动，造成陆架上尤其是外陆架上陆相地层与海相地层频繁交替,因此有不同时期的古三角洲和古河道保留,沉溺的古河道在我国陆架海底的不少地区均有发现。由于海底沉积作用的不均衡性,埋藏较浅的沉溺河谷从地形特征上依稀可辨,埋藏较深的在海底表面则渺无踪迹,只有借助于高分辦率的地球物理测量,才能发现其踪迹。 晚更新世末期，长江、黄河是否流经东海陆架区进入冲绳海槽,虽有不少作者论述,但终因缺少系统的实测资料而未取得共识。长江、黄河在历史上每年向大海输入巨量泥沙,加快了海淤积和推进速度,但古长江三角洲也应该是体积大、构造特征明显的大型堆积体,然而至今尚未有这方面的报道。 作者对冲绳海槽北部进行大面积高分辨率浅地层剖面分析中,发现在陆架外缘坡折线附近,近海底表面处存在大面积斜层理三角洲沉积结构,这为晚更新世末期以来自我国的大河(黄河/长江)从冲绳海槽入海提供了新的证据。     

装载GPCTD传感器的海翼水下滑翔机观测数据实时质量控制

Profiles observed by Sea-Wing underwater gliders are widely applied in scientific research. However, the quality control(QC) of these data has received little attention. The mismatch between the temperature probe and conductivity cell response times generates erroneous salinities, especially across a strong thermocline. A sensor drift may occur owing to biofouling and biocide leakage into the conductivity cell when a glider has operated for several months. It is therefore critical to design a mature real-time QC procedure and develop a toolbox for the QC of Sea-Wing glider data. On the basis of temperature and salinity profiles observed by several Sea-Wing gliders each installed with a Sea-Bird Glider Payload CTD sensor, a real-time QC method including a thermal lag correction, Argo-equivalent real-time QC tests, and a simple post-processing procedure is proposed. The method can also be adopted for Petrel gliders.     

长江口海水比重的直接测定

海水的比重是海水的一个重要物理性质,也是研究海水运动所必需的一个参数。关于大洋海水比重及其与氯度、盐度和电导的关系已有许多报导[3,5-9],为了制定新的国际海洋学常用表,Cox等人对世界各海洋表层海水的比重、盐度和温度的关系又进行了重新研究[3]。他们指出,除去低盐海水以外,所得结果与Knudsen水文表数据吻合较好,但Knudsen水文表的比重数据平均偏低0.006σ_t。     

On the vertical structure of temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic

The expansion of the temperature anomaly field in the North Atlantic is considered using natural orthogonal functions of depth. It is shown that the first few components of this expansion describe the field both at the surface and in the upper 1000 m layer accurately enough. The relation between the water temperature anomaly at some levels and the above components is estimated for various regions of the ocean.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Observations and Estimations of Directional Spectrum of Sea Waves

The directional spectrum is one of the basic characteristics of sea waves. The observations of directional spectrum of sea waves were successfully conducted at platform Bohai 8 during 1991 and 1992 using a wave gage array for the first time in China. Based on the field data, the directional spectrum which depends on the wave growth is given in this paper. Before observations, the effects of the type of gage array, the distance between the gages and the platform itself on the measured results and the precision of some methods for estimating the directional spectrum were investigated and compared with the methods of numerical simulations and model tests of multi-direcitonal irregular waves. This ensures the quality of the observations and estimations of the directional spectrum.     

胶州湾贻贝苗源的发展

贻贝(Mytilus edulis L.)是一种冷水性双壳类软体动物，它在我国沿岸分布的南限是胶州湾，但仅见于港内码头及船底上，且数量不多。 1958年青岛市水产局、原青岛市海水养殖场和中国科学院海洋研究所等单位曾一起自大连和烟台移贻贝苗至青岛试养，次年养殖架上也曾有少量幼苗附着，但未能大量繁殖起来。1971年后胶南县海水养殖试验场及青岛市第二海水养殖场等先后进行数十亩乃至数百亩移苗养殖，附苗量虽有所增长，但直至1974年仍缺乏生产意义。这种情况引起我们的思考:胶州湾贻贝苗源能否大量发展？它的限制因素是什么？ 1972年至1973年，我们与烟台地区海水养殖试验场等单位曾对烟台沿岸贻贝苗源进行调查研究，确认当时烟台苗种产量不高的主要原因是附着基不足，其次是亲贝不足，据此试验成功了“废旧草绠采苗法”。之后，随着采苗器材的增加及养殖面积的不断扩大，烟台芝罘湾已发展成为一个较好的苗场，通常可供万亩以上生产用苗。这个经验对我们开发胶州湾的苗源很有启发。 1975年胶南县在胶州湾大力推广“废旧草绠采苗法”，收割海带后保留废旧海带架两万台采贻贝苗， 1976年进一步扩大贻贝养殖面积，继续留绠采苗。我们在青岛市水产局及胶南县水产局等单位的协助下，于1975年9月及1976年8-9月，对胶州湾内及湾口(青岛前海)留绠采苗的情况进行了调查，这些调查资料即为本文的主要依据。     

添加维生素B_（12）生产菌高密度培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的效果

阐述把维生素Ｂ１２生产菌添加到培养水中培养褶皱臂尾轮虫ＢｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓＰｌｉｃａｔｉｌｉｓ的买验。共１８株细菌分离于轮虫培养池，其中，有一株产维生素Ｂ１２的假单胞杆菌ＴＰ４对轮虫的生长繁殖有明显的促进作用。把ＴＰ４菌株培养后，加入到２Ｌ的烧杯和５００Ｌ的水槽中培养泰国Ｓ型轮虫时．在９ｄ（天）和６ｄ（天）中，轮虫密度从１２４～１３９和２４２～２８８个体／ｍｌ增殖到４，４１７～５，５４０和１，０１７～１，２５４个体／ｍｌ，分别比对照组增加了４～６及２～３倍。     

Assessment of the effectiveness of POLYMODE data assimilation by a numerical barotropic model for synoptic motions

This paper considers the results of numerical experiments involving POLYMODE data assimilation by a barotropic model for synoptic ocean dynamics. The model's response the data assimilation for various space-time discretenesses of assimilation is studied. Results derived from the application of optimal interpolation algorithms and modified optimal filtration algorithms are compared. Qualitative similarity to the calculations carried out through the simulation modelling technique is noted. Optimal assimilation algorithms are determined, depending on the space-time discreteness used. An optimal sampling discreteness for the POLYMODE conditions is suggested.Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin.     

Analysis of solutions to the inverse problem on the retrieval of the microstructure of stratospheric aerosol from satellite measurements

A statistical ensemble of microphysical parameters of the background stratospheric aerosol at altitudes of 15 to 30 km is modeled on the basis of experimental data. The aerosol attenuation coefficients (AACs) in the wavelength range 0.38–16.3 μm are calculated for all realizations of the ensemble by algorithms of the Mie theory. Analysis of correlations between the AACs and the microphysical parameters indicate that the AAC correlates most strongly with the total volume V and area S of all particles. The errors of determining the microphysical parameters from AAC measurements are analyzed via the method of linear regression. It is shown that, if the AAC is measured with an error of 5%, the errors of determining both the particle size distribution (PSD) for particles with sizes of 0.4 to 4 μm and the parameter S are an order of magnitude smaller than the prior uncertainty, whereas the error of determining V is two orders of magnitude smaller than the prior uncertainty. Schemes of AAC measurements with the SAGE III, ISAMS, CLAES, HALOE instruments and an IR interferometer in the visible and IR regions are discussed. It is shown that combining the schemes makes it possible to extend the range of particle sizes for which the PSD is retrieved with a satisfactory accuracy and to increase the accuracy of determining S and V substantially and the accuracy of determining the total number of particles N _opt to a lesser extent. Examples of interpreting AAC measurements carried out simultaneously with the SAGE III and HALOE instruments within the same spatial region are presented. A systematic discrepancy between vertical profiles of S and V obtained from SAGE III and HALOE measurements is revealed.     

排铅奶粉对在岗交警体内粪铅排除作用

研究了青岛市南、市北、四方三区交警在服用排铅奶粉（ＬｅａｄＥｘｃｒｅｔｉｎｇＭｉｌｋＰｏｗ－ｄｅｒ，ＬＥＭＰ）前后，体内粪铅含量变化情况。实验结果表明，服用ＬＥＭＰ后，粪铅含量先呈上升趋势，达到最高值后，又呈下降趋势。在整个实验过程中，粪铅含量四方区最高，而市南区最低。服用ＬＥＭＰ前，三区交警粪铅平均含量为０．６８７ｍｇ／ｋｇ，服用７ｄ后达到峰值（１．９６ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｐ＜０．０１），第１５ｄ降到１．６１（ｍｇ／ｋｇ）（Ｐ＜０．０５），表明ＬＥＭＰ能排除体内铅起到预防铅中毒的作用