Research on energy conversion system of floating wave energy converter

A wave power device includes an energy harvesting system and a power take-off system. The power take-off system of a floating wave energy device is the key that converts wave energy into other forms. A set of hydraulic power take-off system, which suits for the floating wave energy devices, includes hydraulic system and power generation system. The hydraulic control system uses a special“self-hydraulic control system”to control hydraulic system to release or save energy under the maximum and the minimum pressures. The maximum pressure is enhanced to 23 MPa, the minimum to 9 MPa. Quite a few experiments show that the recent hydraulic system is evidently improved in efficiency and reliability than our previous one, that is expected to be great significant in the research and development of our prototype about wave energy conversion.     

试论我国重要景观区中景观·表生因素对金·铜区域地球化学异常标志的影响

总结从我国东北到西南的5个重要景观区中13个金、铜异常区的表生地球化学异常特征，通过特征对比得出金、铜元素在上述地区表生介质中分布、分配及异常发育特征的基本规律，并根据这些初步规律提出景观、表生因素对哪些区域异常标志有影响及影响到什么程度的初步认识。     

基于水下摄像的渔山列岛厚壳贻贝资源评估与分析

厚壳贻贝是我国东部沿海重要的经济贝类之一,自然环境中栖息范围不甚明确。本文于2014年7月间利用水下摄像的手段,调查和分析了渔山列岛不同断面上厚壳贻贝的自然分布特征。结果表明:渔山列岛潮下带5条断面的生态类型差异显著,不同断面栖息的优势种也不相同;断面间厚壳贻贝的栖息密度均值为37.04~185.80 ind/m2,其中断面A的栖息密度最低,断面E的栖息密度最高,断面C和断面D的栖息密度相差不大,但是不同调查样方内厚壳贻贝的栖息密度从0~388.89 ind/m2不等;厚壳贻贝主要分布在水深3~9 m的水层中,其中以水深5~8 m的水层中最为密集,约占总栖息密度的90%以上;在水深8 m的区带上,厚壳贻贝的栖息密度为160.19 ind/m2,当水深小于1 m和大于11 m时,厚壳贻贝分布极少;经双因素方差分析表明,厚壳贻贝栖息密度在不同断面(F=57.011,P<0.01)和不同水层(F=66.495,P<0.01)中的差异均极显著,断面和水层的交互作用(F=10.483,P<0.01)对厚壳贻贝的自然分布也有极显著差异;经检验,厚壳贻贝栖息密度(A)的自然分布与水深(D)呈正态分布,可以用高斯方程拟合,R2的取值范围为0.8753~0.9997;利用聚类分析发现,调查样方被明显的分为3组,体现了水深在厚壳贻贝自然分布中的显著作用。     

张掖盆地壳内电性结构研究

张掖盆地处于青藏高原东北缘,探究该区域的构造活动对于研究青藏高原向东北方向碰撞挤压机制具有重要意义.此次布设3条北东向宽频大地电磁剖面,基于实测数据,通过Bahr分解、相位张量分析和共轭阻抗变换的方法进行了偏离度分析和电性主轴分析;通过NLCG二维反演,获得了沿剖面的电性结构模型.结合研究区地质与地球物理资料进行分析,结果表明:电性结构模型在横向上呈现出分块特点,榆木山和龙首山隆起区对应高阻,走廊过渡带整体表现为低阻;走廊过渡带中存在一壳内低阻层,表现为壳内滑脱;祁连地块中上地壳整体表现为高阻,下地壳电阻率相对较低,以推覆拓展样式延伸至河西走廊地区;阿拉善地块呈"低阻舌状体"俯冲于河西走廊下部,整体形态呈南浅北深.     

长江上、中游地区春季首次大降水天气形势分析

该文普查了１９６１－１９９４共３４年长江上、中游地区春季首次大降水的日期及环是到：春季首次大降水大多出现在４月份；高藏高原以东的低值系统以及来自西伯利亚的冷空气南下补充是导致大降水的两个必要条件。     

Deep tectonic setting of the 2008 Wenchuan <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>s</Subscript>8.0 earthquake in southwestern China

Teleseismic P-wave receiver functions at 20 broadband seismic stations in the Longmenshan fault zone (LMFZ) and its vicinity were extracted, and the crustal thickness and the P- and S-wave velocity ratio were calculated by use of the H-k stacking algorithm. With the results as constraints, the S-wave velocity structures beneath each station were determined by the inversion of receiver functions. The crustal structure of the Rear-range zone is similar to that of the Songpan-Garze Block, whereas the velocity structure of the Fore-range zone resembles that of Sichuan Basin, implying that the Central Principal Fault of LMFZ is the boundary between the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze Block. Lower velocity zone exists in lower crust of the Songpan-Garze Block and the central-southern segment of the Rear-range zone, which facilitates the detachment of the material in upper and middle crust. Joint analysis of the receiver functions and the Bouguer gravity anomalies supports the thesis on the detachment-thrust mode of the LMFZ. A double-detachment pattern is suggested to the tectonic setting in the Songpan-Garze Block. The upper detachment occurs at the depth of 10-15 km, and represents a high-temperature ductile shear zone. There is a lower detachment at the depth of about 30 km, below which the lower crust flow exists in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Interpretation of the Bouguer gravity anomalies indicates that the Sichuan Basin is of higher density in upper and middle crust in comparison with that of the Songpan-Garze Block. The LMFZ with higher density is the result from the thrusting of the Songpan-Garze Block over the Sichuan Basin. In the lower crust, higher P velocity and higher density in the Sichuan Basin are related to more rigid material, while lower S velocity and lower density in the Songpan-Garze Block are related to the softened and weakened material. The higher density block beneath the Sichuan Basin obstructs the eastward flow of lower crustal material from the Tibetan Plateau, which is driven by the compression of northward movement of Indian Plate. The eastward movement of upper and middle crustal material is also obstructed by the rigid Yangtze Block, resulting in the stress concentrated and accumulated along the LMFZ. When the stress releases sharply, the Wenchuan M _s8.0 earthquake occurs. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40334041, 40774037) and Joint Foundation of Earthquake Science (Grant No. 1040062)     

长春万达广场抗浮锚杆的设计与试验研究

以长春万达广场地下室抗浮锚索工程为例,研究了扩体拉力型锚杆支护在宏观上和微观上的力学作用机理、扩体型锚固体的设计计算、所采用的锚杆扩体部分的扩孔器的内部结构等。在实验结果基础上,得出在土层中采用扩体型锚杆不仅能充分利用土体自身的强度,提高其承载力,改变其锚固体的应力状态,而且能减少锚杆锚固体长度、缩短施工工期、降低工程成本、节约自然资源等结论。最后对扩体型锚索影响承载力的因素、地层适用条件以及它的应用前景进行了探讨和展望。     

关于一些特殊边界条件下的弹塑性应力场

当边界条件是如下一些特殊边界条件时即边界条件全为应力边界条件,或有位移边界条件但在塑性区边界上仅有零位移边界条件(对应力边界条件没限制),文[1]得出了弹塑性问题应力场的重要结论。通过引入一与所研究问题的塑性区几何形状相同,并且有相同边值条件形式的弹性体并利用弹性解的唯一性定理,从一新角度进一步论证了文[1]的结论。     

施氮和增温对鄱阳湖灰化薹草(Carex cinerascens Kukenth.)湿地秋草生长期氧化亚氮排放的影响

湿地是地球上十分重要的氮库,而且对大气氮沉降增加、气候变暖等全球变化响应非常敏感。目前关于湿地氧化亚氮(N₂O)的研究还存在较大的区域不均衡性,湿地N₂O排放对全球变化的响应也具有很大的不确定性。因此,本研究通过在鄱阳湖灰化薹草(Carex cinerascens Kukenth.)湿地开展N₂O通量原位监测及全球变化模拟实验,以揭示鄱阳湖灰化薹草湿地N₂O排放变化特征及其对施氮和增温的响应关系。结果表明,鄱阳湖灰化薹草湿地总体上是N₂O弱源,平均N₂O通量为(5.77±1.45) μg/(m²·h)。施氮对鄱阳湖灰化薹草湿地N₂O通量有显著影响,相对于不施氮,施氮可显著提升2.7倍的N₂O排放通量。增温及其与施氮的交互作用对N₂O通量的影响不显著。鄱阳湖灰化薹草湿地N₂O排放过程主要由湿地植物调节,而与空气温度、土壤温度、土壤水分等非生物因素无显著相关关系。研究结果有利于深入认识全球变化与湖泊湿地N₂O排放的互馈作用,并为评估全球变化背景下湖泊湿地N₂O收支平衡提供重要支撑;未来还需要加强多因子交互作用研究并开展长期连续监测,从而为阐明湿地氮循环对全球变化的响应机制和构建气候预测模型提供验证数据和理论依据。     

上海软弱地基的超长钻孔灌注桩施工技术

根据８个上海软弱地基的超长钻孔灌注桩工程项目的施工技术资料,总结了超长桩的概念,施工难度和施工方法。