云南白水台钙华景区的水化学动态变化研究

本文采用水化学仪器自动记录、现场测定和取样室内分析等相结合的方法,对云南白水台钙华景区水的物理化学动态变化特征进行了综合研究,结果发现: 随着CaCO3 的沉积,水中的主要离子Ca2+ 和HCO-3 浓度、电导逐渐降低; p H值升高。我们对1号泉进行昼夜观测发现: 5月1号泉的水温呈周期性变化,周期约为28小时,而在9月水温保持恒定。对下游( 12号观测点)的动态观测发现水的p H值与水温呈反相关关系,在对中游( 6号观测点)的早、中、晚观测得到了同样的结果。最终我们得出结论: 1号泉水温变化可能受补给水源水温动态变化、降雨和地热影响;中下游pH值和电导率的变化与碳酸钙的沉积速率、碳酸平衡和藻类作用有关。      

塔里木盆地柯坪地区上寒武统表生溶蚀型藻格架白云岩的地球化学特征及意义*

采用野外观察、室内薄片鉴定及多项地球化学分析技术方法,对塔里木盆地柯坪地区上寒武统表生溶蚀型藻格架白云岩的特征及成因进行了研究。宏观上,藻格架白云岩呈丘状、透镜状夹于潮坪相白云岩层间,由于差异性溶蚀,发育了大量表生溶蚀孔。微观上,藻格架由富藻的泥粉晶白云石组成,而架间孔由浅色的亮晶白云石充填。藻格架泥粉晶白云石呈他形—半自形,镶嵌结构,具有暗红色—橙红色的阴极发光,较高的Na、K含量,较低的Fe含量;δ¹³C为-0.572‰～0.124‰、平均值-0.116‰,δ¹⁸O为-5.391‰～-4.983‰、平均值-5.240‰,表明其形成于准同生阶段盐度较高的相对氧化环境中。架间充填的亮晶白云石胶结物,呈半自形—自形中细晶,具有昏暗的阴极发光或者不发光,较低的Na、K含量,较高的Fe含量,δ¹³C值为-0.662‰～-0.251‰、平均值为-0.460‰;δ¹⁸O值为-6.639‰～-5.939‰、平均值-6.267‰,表明其形成于相对还原的埋藏环境。稀土元素分析结果表明,二者均具有LREE轻微富集、HREE亏损、Eu负异常特征,与海相泥晶灰岩稀土元素配分模式相似,揭示了其白云化流体均来自于原始的海水。在溶蚀作用方面,亮晶白云石胶结物相对泥粉晶白云石藻格架更易于溶蚀。前者在大气水表生溶蚀过程中,主量元素Ca、Mg丢失显著,Mg/Ca值由0.955降至0.007,微量元素Na、K丢失相对明显,Na/Ca值由原来的3.8×10^-4降为1.9×10^-4,K/Ca值由1.1×10^-3降至检测限以下,而不改变稀土元素的配分模式。这些特征表明,表生溶蚀过程在元素特征上是一个去白云化的盐度降低过程,而这一过程中基本无稀土元素的带入带出。     

试论中国重要景观区区域地球化学异常系统评价的量化模型

在对中国5个重要景观区1:20万金、铜表生地球化学异常特征进行总结、对比,并讨论景观、表生因素对区域异常评价标志影响的基础上,进一步充实、完善了区域异常系统评价体系的思路和评价准则,提出了区域地球化学异常系统评价的量化模型。     

川南沐川地区宣威组底部铌-稀土多金属富集层富集规律、沉积环境与成矿模式

云南、贵州地区对晚二叠世宣威组底部Nb-REE多金属富集层的研究取得了重要进展,但其成因还有较大争议.为厘清沐川地区宣威组底部Nb-REE多金属富集层成因机制及富集规律,本研究开展了野外实地调查、矿物学、岩相古地理与岩石地球化学等系统性研究,探讨其物源、富集规律,建立了成矿模式.结果 表明,川南沐川地区宣威组底部Nb-...     

中国桐柏大别构造带变质演化的岩石学证迹

桐柏大别构造带是秦岭造山带的东延部分，经历过多期次不同体制的构造运动，现今的桐柏大别山区是由一系列变质地体拼合而成，地体与地体之间为断层或韧性剪切带所围限各地体有自身变质变形史和PTt轨迹，但却有着碰撞造山带所共有的后造山抬升过程。本文揭示了随县群、红安岩群及大别杂岩中柯石英榴辉石、蓝晶铝直闪石片岩及紫苏石榴黑云母片麻岩的退变质再平衡结构特点。报道了大别山麻粒岩相变质年龄为1699Ma。各类岩石减压退变质再平衡结构，标志着后造山的隆升过程及其对桐柏大别构造带变质演化的启示。     

Research and application of soil-gas mercury surveys for locating deep uranium orebodies

This paper discusses the distribution of mercury in four kinds of uranium deposits and the form of the corresponding soil-gas mercury haloes. Uranium deposits can be divided into three levels according to their mercury contents. Carbonatite-type uranium deposits are often associated with high levels of mercury, which forms large, high-concentration and high-contrast soil-gas haloes in residual alluvium. Mercury concentration goes up with increasing sampling depths and has been used successfully to locate deep uranium orebodies around siliceous limestone-hosted uranium deposits.     

中国沿海多鳞四指马鲅(Eleutheronema rhadinum)与四指马鲅(E. tridactylum)形态与遗传位点差异分析

多鳞四指马鲅(Eleutheronema rhadinum)与四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tridactylum)是四指马鲅属(Eleutheronema)中的名贵经济鱼类,具有良好的养殖开发前景。本文对中国沿海多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅群体的26个形态特征值进行了多变量比较分析,提取了7个主成分,累计贡献率达到91.112%,前三个主成分贡献率分别为28.759%、21.467%、15.469%。多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅形态差异主要体现在头背部、尾柄部、背腹轴及头尾轴的特征。利用4个形态学参数建立了2群体判别公式,综合判别准确率高达100%,可作为多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅物种资源的初步判定方法。另外,利用简化基因组测序开发出多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅SNP标记69207个、In Del标记12884个,丰富了四指马鲅属鱼类遗传结构研究数据。本研究为进一步开展四指马鲅数属物种资源评估与保护、选育、功能基因研究提供基础资料。     

Interaction of linear waves with an array of infinitely long horizontal circular cylinders in a two-layer fluid of infinite depth

The linear water wave scattering and radiation by an array of infinitely long horizontal circular cylinders in a two-layer fluid of infinite depth is investigated by use of the multipole expansion method. The diffracted and radiated potentials are expressed as a linear combination of infinite multipoles placed at the centre of each cylinder with unknown coefficients to be determined by the cylinder boundary conditions. Analytical expressions for wave forces, hydrodynamic coefficients, reflection and transmission coefficients and energies are derived. Comparisons are made between the present analytical results and those obtained by the boundary element method, and some examples are presented to illustrate the hydrodynamic behavior of multiple horizontal circular cylinders in a two-layer fluid. It is found that for two submerged circular cylinders the influence of the fluid density ratio on internal-mode wave forces is more appreciable than surface-mode wave forces, and the periodic oscillations of hydrodynamic results occur with the increase of the distance between two cylinders; for four submerged circular cylinders the influence of adding two cylinders on the wave forces of the former cylinders is small in low and high wave frequencies, but the influence is appreciable in intermediate wave frequencies.     

大型海藻龙须菜与锥状斯氏藻间的营养竞争研究

利用生物和化学方法研究了大型海藻龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis）与赤潮生物锥状斯氏藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea （Stein） Loeblich Ⅲ）共培养时二者的生长情况,以及二者之间营养盐NO-3、PO3-4竞争的情况.结果显示,两者共培养时,由于龙须菜的影响,锥状斯氏藻的生长周期以及所能达到的最大细胞密度与对照组相比都有所下降,且受抑制程度随龙须菜起始密度的增大而增强;而锥状斯氏藻对于龙须菜的生长不构成明显的影响.当龙须菜起始密度较低时（0.2、0.1gFW/L）,共培养组微藻细胞密度的下降是因为水体中NO-3的耗尽;当龙须菜起始密度较高时（0.5gFW/L）,共培养组微藻细胞密度的下降可能是因为龙须菜与微藻之间的“互荫效应”,或者龙须菜能够分泌出足够浓度的克生物质所致.龙须菜可作为有效吸收营养盐的大型海藻,用以降低近海水域富营养化程度及有害赤潮发生的几率.     

Cadmium and phosphorus cycling in the water column of the South China Sea: The roles of biotic and abiotic particles

The concentrations of cadmium, phosphorus, and aluminum in size-fractionated phytoplankton, zooplankton, and sinking particles are determined using ICPMS to evaluate the roles of biotic and abiotic particles on the cycling and ratios of Cd and P in the water column. Plankton were collected with a filtration apparatus equipped with 10-, 60-, and 150-μm aperture plankton nets on two occasions (2002 and 2006), and sinking particles were sampled by moored sediment traps deployed at depths of 120, 600, and 3500 m from 2004 to 2005. In contrast to what our previous study revealed, i.e., that most of the other bioactive trace metals in plankton were strongly correlated with abiotic Al and adsorbed on phytoplankton [Ho, T.Y., Wen, L.S., You, C.F., Lee, D.C., 2007. The trace metal composition of size-fractionated plankton in the South China Sea: biotic versus abiotic sources. Limnol Oceanogr 52, 1776–88.], Cd/P ratios, ranging from 0.12 to 0.34 mmol/mol P, did not vary with Al and exhibited fairly consistent values among different sizes of plankton, showing that Cd was mostly incorporated on an intracellular basis. In terms of the sinking particles, fluxes in Cd and P as well as in Cd/P ratios were strongly influenced by both biotic and abiotic particles. Overall, the Cd/P ratios in the sinking particles ranged from 0.03 to 1.2 mmol/mol, with the highest value observed in traps at 120 m during the productive season. The lowest value was observed in deep water during high flux periods for lithogenic particles. At surface depth, flux and Cd/P ratios were elevated during the most productive season in the region. The elevated ratios in the traps at 120 m were most likely related to preferential uptake of Cd for the dominant species (coccolithophores) during the productive period. Relatively, Cd/P ratios sharply decreased with increasing Al flux in deep water and ratios were much lower than the expected Cd/P ratios obtained from the relative portion of lithogenic and biogenic particles, indicating that the adsorption of soluble P into lithogenic particles was significant in the deep water during high lithogenic particle flux periods. Using averaged annual fluxes and standing stock in the water column, the residence time of biogenic Cd and P are 0.10 and 0.20, 250 and 100, and 9100 and 5000 years respectively in the top 120 m, 600 m, and water column as a whole, also showing preferential removal for Cd in the euphotic zone but relatively higher removal rates for P in the deep water. Our study suggests that the shift in microalgal community structure along with input of lithogenic minerals are both potentially important factors in influencing Cd/P ratios in oceanic water on a geological time scale.