论与核电厂址安全有关的自然灾害调查——以福建长乐漳港仙岐显应宫遗址埋没原因调查为例

本文以福建长乐显应宫遗址埋没原因调查为例,论述了对于可能影响核电站厂址安全的自然灾害,开展调查评价的技术思路和内容。希望对类似灾害的调查评价有所帮助。     

Calculation of the Intensity Ratio and Intrinsic Redshift Ratio of the Cerenkov Iron Kα and Kβ Lines and Its Possible Application in the Study of AGNs

We have pointed out that, when thermal relativistic electrons with an isotropic velocity distribution move through a region of dense gas or impinge upon its surface, the Cerenkov effect will produce a particular kind of atomic or ionic emission line, which we have called the “Cerenkov line-like radiation”. This prediction for the optical wavebands has been verified by laboratory experiments. In this paper, we extend this line-like radiation theory to the X-ray waveband and give the basic formulae for calculating the intensity ratio and intrinsic redshift ratio of the Cerenkov iron K_α and K_β lines, for different ionization orders of iron. Potential application of this calculated result may be found in the study of AGNs. The recent observations of NGC3783 show that besides the iron K_α line at ∼6.4 keV, there is also a very strong iron Kβ line at ∼7.0 keV, and that the ratio of equivalent widths between the two is anomalous: EWK_α/EWK_β ≈ 3.43. It is difficult to explain this by the conventional mechanism of “photoelectric absorption-fluorescence emission”. We suggest that the mechanism of Cerenkov line-like radiation can provides a way of solving this puzzle. Besides, we expect that the calculated intrinsic redshift ratio of Cerenkov iron K_α and K_β lines could be tested in future observations. If our suggestion is further supported by observations, then our view on the physical environment around the central massive black hole of an AGN will be greatly modified: the activity becomes more energetic and violent, and the gas, much denser than previously thought.     

东营凹陷下第三系层序地层研究与隐蔽油气藏预测

应用层序地层学理论,利用地震、测井、岩心和分析化验资料,建立了东营凹陷下第三系层序界面识别标志,把东营凹陷下第三系划分为 1个超层序组,4个超层序,10个层序,进行体系域划分,建立了东营凹陷下第三系层序地层格架。构造坡折带是指由同沉积构造长期活动引起的沉积斜坡明显突变的地带,对盆地充填的可容纳空间和沉积作用可产生重要影响。通过层序地层格架与构造坡折带的研究,建立东营凹陷层序发育模式。受构造坡折带控制的层序低位域砂体和湖侵体系域砂体,成藏条件良好,最有利于形成隐蔽油气藏。     

湖泊沉积物年纹层的研究方法及其意义

文章总结了前人对湖泊沉积物年纹层类型的划分,并根据年纹层的形成过程和组分特征分为3个大类,即碎屑年纹层、生物成因年纹层(如硅藻年纹层等)和化学成因年纹层(如方解石年纹层、菱铁矿年纹层、黄铁矿年纹层、蒸发盐年纹层等)。介绍了目前应用于湖泊沉积物年纹层研究的主要方法和技术包括:1)新鲜沉积物表面照相、X射线照相技术;2)光学显微镜观察;3)数字化图像分析;4)扫描电子显微镜技术等。而岩相学大薄片是目前年纹层研究工作中应用非常广泛的材料,对目前制作大薄片比较普遍采用的快速冷冻-冷冻干燥和水-丙酮-环氧树脂交换这两种方法进行了介绍并比较了各自的优劣。湖泊沉积物年纹层研究的古环境意义主要体现在两个方面,一是提供了高精度的纹层年代学时间标尺,在诸如气候突变事件的时限、大气¹⁴C浓度变化、火山灰层定年、古地磁场长期变化主曲线重建等方面有重要意义;二是年纹层性质研究如年纹层厚度和年纹层微相变化本身所蕴藏的高分辨率古气候环境变化信息,在太阳活动周期、ENSO等气候事件的研究中也有重要意义。最后,文章简单介绍了我国东北龙岗火山区四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物中年纹层的特征并展望了其研究潜力。     

河南省嵩山区元古代嵩山群底部的主滑脱带

河南省嵩山区位于中朝地台南部,区内发育被2个角度不整合面分隔开的3个前寒武纪岩群,一个主滑脱带沿着嵩山群与登封群间不整合面发育.滑脱带之上的早元古代嵩山群形成近南北向的褶皱带,因此,嵩山群岩石在主滑脱带之上形成无根的独立构造.与滑脱带下伏的太古宙登封群很少有关系.主滑脱带厚4～30m,沿着主滑脱带,登封群角闪岩相岩石强烈退变质到绿片岩相矿物组合,主滑脱带发育在脆韧性过渡域.多尺度的观察指出,主滑脱带的形成受地壳成分分层导致的流变学分层性所制约,而且地层柱底部软弱面或地质界面是近水平的滑脱带发育的优选位置.显然,对滑脱带的发育还必须考虑水解弱化作用.     

Noah-MP模型中积雪模拟对参数化方案的敏感性评估

针对Noah-MP模型多参数化方案、模拟结果不确定性范围难以确定的特点,选取北疆地区具有代表性的阿勒泰站气象资料作为模型驱动数据,探讨了积雪对多参数化方案的敏感性。在不考虑模型参数和驱动数据不确定性的条件下,设计了集合数为13824的多参数化方案集合模拟试验。选用Natural selection方法对物理过程的敏感性进行分析,并在敏感性分析结果的基础上进一步讨论了模拟结果的不确定性。结果表明:积雪对地表热交换、雨雪分离、土壤温度底层边界条件和第一层积雪或土壤时间方案4个物理过程敏感;在不考虑驱动数据和模型参数不确定性的条件下,多参数化方案集合模拟试验中的不确定性主要来源于敏感物理过程。去除敏感物理过程中能够明显降低模拟性能的参数化方案后,集合模拟结果的不确定性大幅减小。最后,根据分析结果构建了该站雪深和雪水当量模拟的最优参数化方案组合。     

Dynamic Relationship Between Entrainment Rate and Summer Monsoon in the Transition Area of Monsoon in the East of Northwest China

Entrainment rate refers to the ratio of surrounding air quality to air quality involved in rising unit distance, including turbulent entrainment and dynamic entrainment, which are applied to the boundary layer parametrization of convective clouds, the improvement of numerical model, the observation of cloud droplet spectral dispersion and the study of tropical cyclones.Based on the daily data at 07:00 and 19:00 every 10 m of five stations such as Minqin, Yuchong, Pingliang, Yinchuan and Yan'an from May to September during 2006-2016, combined with the daily observation data on the ground, the Entrainment Rates(ER) of different heights were calculated, and the relationships between ER and height in different regions, precipitation as well as monsoon during the monsoon period were further obtained. The main results were as follows:\mathrm{①} The ER was proportional to air temperature and saturated water vapor pressure, but inversely proportional to relative humidity. The relative humidity threshold of cloud was 65%. The higher the relative humidity threshold was, the lower the cloud height of different orders of precipitation was, and the cloud height was higher with the increase of rainfall. \mathrm{②}ER had obvious diurnal changes and regional differences: It was obviously smaller at 07:00 than at 19:00 from ground to 3 km, which weakened with the increase of height in the near surface , but strengthened with the increase of height above 500 m; From small to large, the monsoon affected area, the monsoon swing area and the non-monsoon area were in turn, and there was no regional difference above 3 km. \mathrm{③} ER was closely related to the intensity and property of precipitation in monsoon period. The ER weakened with the enhancement of rain intensity from near ground to below 600 m, but strengthened with the enhancement of rain intensity from 500 m to 2~3 km.From near ground to below 700 m, the ER of stable precipitation was strong, but that of convective precipitation was strong above 700 m. The convective precipitation had big saturated water vapor pressure and strong ER , while the stable precipitation had big saturated water vapor density, rich water vapor but weak ER. \mathrm{④}The relationship between ER and monsoon as well as its duration: From no monsoon to monsoon ER was weakened, the strongest maximum height was also decreasing. There was no significant difference in the duration of ER between the non-monsoon area and the monsoon affected area, but the longer the monsoon swing area lasted in the near ground layer, the smaller the ER was, while the opposite was at 1~2 km in the high altitude. \mathrm{⑤}The relationship between ER and the APO monsoon intensity index showed that: At 07:00, the ER strengthened with height from near ground to below 800 m, but weakened with height above 800 m,and the monsoon intensity was not related to the ER. At 19:00, the ER strengthened with the height near ground but weakened with the height above 300 m, and the stronger the monsoon was, the smaller the ER was. The ER weakened with the decrease of boundary layer height.     

Hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soil with different initial densities over a wide suction range

Acta Geotechnica - Many civil engineering projects are related to hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soils over a wide suction range, which was investigated by imposing suctions on clayey silt...     

对ENSO循环机理的一些新认识

近几年国内学者通过资料诊断、理论分析和数值试验,对ENSO循环的机理提出了一些新的看法,其中包括El Nino和La Nina的起源,与ENSO循环相联系的暖、冷水的传播过程,热带西太平洋纬向风应力异常,以及热带东太平洋经向风应力异常在ENSO循环中的动力作用等.作者介绍了我国在这些方面的一些研究成果.