5月南极涛动对青藏高原西部夏季气温影响的诊断分析

青藏高原是全球气候变暖最敏感的地区之一,是北半球夏季最大的热源,其气候响应受到广泛关注。然而,有关南极涛动与青藏高原夏季气温的关系和机理知之甚少。为了研究南极涛动与青藏高原夏季气温的关系,基于1979—2020年英国东安哥拉大学气候研究中心（CRU）的逐月气温、美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的逐月海表面温度和大气环流再分析数据以及南极涛动指数等数据,采用相关、回归、合成分析等方法进行研究。结果表明,北半球夏季青藏高原西部气温与5月南极涛动存在显著负相关,即当5月南极涛动异常偏弱时,夏季青藏高原西部气温异常偏高。其影响过程为,南极涛动为正位相时,在南印度洋中高纬地区出现“负-正-负”的经向“三极子”海温模态,该模态可持续到夏季,在印度洋形成异常的纬向-垂直环流,相应在热带西印度洋和东印度洋-海洋性大陆之间的降水异常导致热带正“偶极子”降水模态,通过该降水模态在青藏高原西部引起异常反气旋环流和下沉运动,有利于高原西部气温偏高。研究结果显示,海洋的热惯性在“延长”南极涛动影响过程中起着重要的桥梁作用,可为青藏高原夏季气温预测提供科学依据。     

高速铁路和城市蔓延对雾霾污染的异质性影响

为了探寻高铁开通能否抑制雾霾污染以及这种抑制作用在不同城市空间形态下是否存在异质性,本文首先分析了高铁和城市蔓延对雾霾污染的作用机制,在利用LandScan数据测算2003-2016年中国281个地级市城市蔓延指标的基础上,采用动态空间面板模型检验了城市蔓延与雾霾污染的空间动态关系.借助双重差分(DID)模型验证了高铁...     

长江中下游第四纪沉积物发育土壤磁性增强的环境磁学机制

对长江中下游第四纪沉积物 (Q₃ 黄土,Q₂ 红土和Q₃ 红土 )发育土壤的磁性增强现象及其物理机制进行了讨论。结果表明 :(1)铁磁性矿物是土壤磁性的主要载体,它们是成土过程中形成的稳定单畴 (SSD)和超顺磁性 (SP)态的次生磁性矿物,没有显示重要的反铁磁性矿物的贡献;(2 )土壤磁化率 (χ)的高低与成土过程产生的稳定单畴和超顺磁性颗粒呈极显著正相关,指示了风化成土作用的强度,磁化率可作为反映成土环境变化的代用指标;(3)频率磁化率 (χfd) 5 %可作为土壤中的超顺磁性颗粒存在与否的临界值,土壤 χfd值的高低同样反映了风化成土作用的强度,可用作研究第四纪环境变化的有用工具之一。     

Role of climate in the rise and fall of Neolithic cultures on the Yangtze Delta

Climatic changes in the Yangtze Delta have played an important role in the emergence, persistence and collapse of civilization. Archaeological excavations in the region over many years have demonstrated that there are several layers of fine sand or organic mud that interrupt the consecutive culture strata in a number of Neolithic culture sites. Continuous biostratigraphical and sedimentological records from the Maqiao cultural site, Shanghai, suggest that the fine sand and organic mud units resulted from expansion of water bodies both by sea-level fluctuations and from increased flooding during cold and humid episodes of Holocene climates. The absence of human settlement from 7240 BP to 5320 BP in the region was mainly caused by higher sea levels resulting from a warm and humid climate. The Neolithic cultures developed under conditions of lower and more stable sea level as well as warmer and dryer climates between about 4410 BP and 3250 BP. A flood-induced lake expansion interrupted the civilization in the region at about 4200 BP. Later, higher water tables and expansion of lakes between 3250 BP and AD 618 under a cold and moist climate temporarily terminated settlement on the delta. Later, during the Tang Dynasty, beginning at about AD 618, the region again became suitable for human settlement under conditions of more favourable climate and lower water tables.     

海南戈枕韧性剪切带微观构造研究

韧性剪切带的定性－定量分析。能更清晰、直接地揭示构造运动生发发展过程应力、应变的状况。作者对海南戈枕韧性剪切带从显微构造角度作了系统研究工作。通过矿物粒度、形态比统计，在纵横方向上更明确了内部的复杂分带性；通过显微批向构造、矿物组权及变形变晶分析了探讨了构造活动的方式、方向；通过古应力值、剪应变、总位移量、弗林系数的测算，定量表述了该带变形机制及应力、应变速率大小。     

Petrogenesis and sedimentary environment of silicate in Late Paleozoic in Kala area of Western Sichuan Province

In order to study the sedimentary environment characteristics of the Late Paleozoic in Kala area of Western Sichuan Province, the authors have conducted the petrological and geochemical analyses of the widely distributed silicate in Qiongyi Formation of Lower Carboniferous and Kawenggou Formation of Upper Permian. The results show that the silicate in the study area belongs to the pure siliceous rocks, with a continuous supply of land-based materials during the deposition process. The average Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio is 0.62, and the silicate shows a biogenic origin by the Al-Fe-Mn diagram. The ratios of Al₂O₃/ (Al₂O₃+ Fe₂O₃), Th/U, Th/Sc, (La/Ce)_N and (La/Yb)_N and tectonic environment discriminant diagram demonstrate that the silicate developed in a shallow-slope depesitional environment in the continental margin. The Ce_anom value is -0.04 to 0.07, and it gradually increases from the Carboniferous to the Permian period, indicating the water body is in an anoxic environment with gradually increasing reducibility. The Garz--Litang basin opened in the Carboniferous period, in accordance with the regional geological evolution, and it continued to expand during the Permian period, with the gradually increasing depth of the seawater within the sedimentary basins.     

罗布莎蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩同位素特征及其成因

罗布莎蛇绿岩岩石单元出露齐全,以地幔橄榄岩为主,构造变形强烈;在堆积杂岩中上部产出有仰冲型斜长花岗岩小岩块;辉绿岩以脉状形式产出于地幔橄榄岩的方辉橄榄岩中;壳层岩石相对很薄且比较复杂.Sr、Nd和Pb同位素组成研究表明:罗布莎地幔橄榄岩绝大多数样品具有高ISr值(0.705489～0.714625);低INd值(0.5...     

高速铁路大断面黄土隧道二次衬砌施作时机研究

隧道工程二次衬砌施作时机是隧道界普遍关注的问题。依托正在修建的郑州-西安铁路客运专线大断面黄土隧道工程,以围岩及初期支护基本稳定速率作为二次衬砌施作时机判定指标,采用位移断面监测数据回归分析和数值分析相结合,建立基本稳定速率的理论求解方法,从而确定二次衬砌施作时机;同时,选取贺家庄隧道试验段作为工程实例,对高速铁路大断面黄土隧道二次衬砌施作时机进行研究。研究结果表明：当拱顶下沉变形速率值小于0.55 mm/d,边墙水平绝对收敛速率值小于0.11 mm/d时,即可进行二次衬砌施作。此次研究为类似工程的设计和施工提供了参考依据。     

金沙江中段含锰铁矿化点的发现及其找矿前景

西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带东侧原雄松群为一套变基性火山-碎屑岩系,是否属于前寒武系一直存在争议。野外调研期间发现铁矿化线索,初步认为铁矿化与原雄松群变基性火山作用关系密切,并受到印支期二长花岗岩的改造叠加,具有较大成矿潜力。矿石多呈块状、蜂窝状、角砾状,少数呈气泡状、瘤状、绳状。矿石矿物主要为含锰磁铁矿,少量赤铁矿、褐铁矿、孔雀石及氧化残留黄铁矿。捡块样分析, TFe多在50%以上,属于含锰富铁矿。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,赋矿变玄武岩的岩浆喷发时代为(228.3±2.1)Ma,表明该地段雄松群的时代为中三叠世,成矿时代也为中三叠世。含矿变基性火山岩为具E-MORB地球化学特征的拉斑玄武岩系列,指示成矿构造环境可能为小洋盆。铁矿化点与地面高磁异常基本吻合。在金沙江中段甚至更大的范围内,与中三叠世变基性火山岩系(原划雄松群)配套的高磁异常区,是寻找火山岩型含锰磁铁矿的重要方向,可能伴生铜-多金属矿化。     

南祁连东段化隆岩群形成时代的进一步限定

作为南祁连造山带基底残块的化隆岩群,由于产出有与Cu-Ni(-PGE)矿紧密相关的基性-超基性岩而倍受关注。随着一些新元古代精细锆石同位素年代学数据的获得,化隆岩群形成于太古-古元古代的传统认识发生了动摇。通过高精度的LA-ICP-MS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,获得青海省湟源县南日月乡一带化隆岩群条带状二云斜长片麻岩(副变质岩)最新的蚀源区年龄为891±7Ma,代表化隆岩群形成时代的下限;条带状黑云斜长角闪岩(原岩为中性火山岩)的形成年龄为884±9Ma,将化隆岩群的形成时代进一步限定为新元古代。认为化隆岩群火山-沉积作用应为Rodinia超大陆裂解的地质记录,Rodinia超大陆裂解事件及其相关的成矿作用在祁连造山带及其邻区前寒武纪占据不可低估的重要地位。